AHSEC HS 1st Year Syllabus 2026 Geology

Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC)

1st Year Syllabus

GEOLOGY
SYLLABUS FOR SECONDARY YEAR COURSE
Class XI

Objectives :
1. To explain the basic concept of Geology.
2. To acquire the fundamental knowledge of different branches of Geology with their specific importance.
3. To develop an interest to nature and its processes.
4. To develop interest towards the constitution of the Earth's crust.
5. To increase the awareness of the problems of environment due to mining and industrial activity and
its remedial measures.
6. To develop an ability to use and interpret a geological map.
7. To know the importance of Geology contributing towards the national development especially the
Engineering Projects.

SYLLABUS FOR SECONDARY COURSE
Class XI
One Paper Time : Three hours Marks : 100

Unit wise Distribution of Marks & Periods :

Unit No. Title Marks Periods
Unit-l General Geology 30 45
Unit-2 Mineralogy 35 55
Unit-3 Structural Geology 15 30
Unit-4 Application of Geology and Environmental Geology 10 25
Unit-5 Principle of Stratigraphy 10 25
100 180

Unitwise Distribution of Course contents :
Unit-1 : GENERAL GEOLOGY : Marks 30
(i) Introduction to Geology, its definition, scope, branches and relation to other branches of
science.
(ii) Origin of the earth, major internal structure (crust, mantle and core), age of the earth.
(iii) Earthquake: Definition, cause, effect, waves scale of measurement, Earthquake special
reference to the N .E. region.
(iv) Weathering and erosion of rocks, the different types of weathering.
(v) Geological action of running water.
(vi) Mountain: its types and mode of formation.
(vii) Volcano: its types, products, causes, effects and distribution.
Unit-2 : MINERALOGY
(a) Crystallography: Definition, character of crystals, crystal faces, crystal axes, axial ratio,
interfacial angle, symmetry elements, parameter, Miller's indices division of crystal into

crystal systems. Study of the normal class of the isometric, tetragonal and hexagonal system.
Marks 15
(b) Physical Mineralogy: Definition of a mineral, its physical properties, Description of the
following minerals with respect to their physical properties, Chemical composition and common
use: Quartz, Potash feldspar, Plagioclase Feldspar, horibleude, biotite, Muscovite, Kyanite,
Silliminite. Tourmaline, Calcite, Garnet, Talc, Gypsum, Fluorite, Augite pyrite, Hematite,
Magnetite. Marks 20
Unit-3 : STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY : Marks 15
Bedding, dip, strike, fold, elements of fold, types of fold (anticline, syncline, symmetrical,
asymmetrical, recumbent isoclinal), Fault, elements of fault, types of faults (normal, reverse,
horst, graben, thrust), unconformities definition and types (angular U.C. disconformity and
non conformity).
Unit-4 : APPLICATION OF GEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY : Marks 10
Soil, its formation, erusion and its prevention, Landslides-its causes and preventive measures,
a preliminary idea of environmental pollution related to mining, drilling, flaring of natural gas,
water logging. Study of rocks as building material, its durability, strength and color.
Unit-5 : PRINCIPLE OF STRATIGRAPHY : Marks 10
Definition, scope, code of stratigraphy nomenclature-Rock unit or lithographic unit, Time unit
or chronological unit, Time stratigraphic or chronostratigraphic unit. Biostratigraphic unit.
Methods of correlation, geological time scale.

Recommended Books:
1. Bhu Bigyan (Geology) by Dr Chatur Bhuj Pathak , Published by – Ashok Book Stall, Pan
bazar Guwahati, Assam. (Assamese medium book which include: Unit – 1, Unit – 2,
Unit – 3, Unit – 4,& Unit – 5)
2. A TEXTBOOK OF GEOLOGY by Pradip Kumar Mukharjee, Published by
S. Bhattacharjee for The World Press Private Ltd.
(English medium book which include: Unit – 1, Unit – 2, Unit – 3 & Unit – 5)
3. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY by K.S. Valdiya – Free e-book
(English medium free e- book which include: Unit – 4)

Study Materials
Notes

Model Papers Class 6 Notes

Sample Papers Class 7 Notes
Half Yearly Sample Papers Class 8 Notes

Class 9 Notes
Important Resources
Class 10 Notes
Periodic Table
Class 11 Notes
Writing Skills / Formats

Maps of India / World Class 12 Notes

Books and Solutions

NCERT Books
NCERT Book Solutions
HC Verma Chapter Wise Solutions
RD Sharma Solutions
CGBSE Solutions