CA Final May 2023 Suggested Answers Paper 2 Strategic Financial Management (Old Scheme)

FOR CA FINAL EXAM PREPARATION

CA Final 2023
Suggested Answers ·
Paper 2 Strategic
Financial Management
(Old Scheme)
EXAM YEAR TYPE

CA Final 2023 Suggested Answers
SUBJECT DATE

Paper 2 Strategic Financial Management (Old Scheme) May 2023

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Question No.1 is compulsory.

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Candidates are also required to answer any four from the remaining five questions.

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Working notes should form part of the respective answer.

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eGrowth Ltd. (HGL) was having an excellent growth over a number of years. The Board gl a
Question 1

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Directors is considering a proposal to reward its shareholders by buying back 20%a
lofshares
(a) High

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a interest atonaloan
premium. The premium is to be paid by raising a loan from the Bank. The
is to be serviced by internal accruals as supported by the financials of
HGL. The company has a market capitalization of ` 15,000 crore and the current Earnings
Per Share (EPS) is ` 600 with a Price Earnings Ratio (PER) of 25. The Board expects a
post buy back Market Price per Share (MPS) of ` 10,000. The PER, post buy back, will
remain the same. The loan can be availed at an interest rate of 16 % p.a.
Applicable corporate tax rate is 30%.

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You are required to calculate:

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(ii) The loan amount to be raised. em
(i) The interest amount which can be paid for availing the bank loan.

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(iii) Buy back premium per share. (10 Marks)
(b) Export Ltd., an export oriented unit invoices in the currency of the importer. It is expecting
a receipt of USD 2,40,000 on 1 st August, 2022 for the goods exported on 1st May, 2022.
The following information is available as on 1st May, 2022:
Exchange Rates Currency Futures Contract Size
USD/INR USD/INR

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Spot 0.0125 May 0.0126 ` 6,40,000/-

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1 Month Forward 0.0124 July 0.0125

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3 Months Forward 0.0123

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Initial Margin Interest Rates in India

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May ` 15,000 9%
August ` 26,000 8.5%
On 1st August, 2022 the spot rate USD/INR is 0.0126 and currency future rate is 0.0125.

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2 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

Suggest a suitable approach to Export Ltd. that would be most advantageous out of the
following methods.
(i) Forward Contract
(ii) Currency Futures
(iii) No hedge
Assume that the variation in margin would be settled on the maturity of the futures contract.
(6 Marks)
(c) Swaptions can be applied for speculation purposes or to hedge a portion of their swap
books. What are the other areas of its application? (4 Marks)
Answer
(a) (i) The interest amount which can be paid for availing the bank loan
Current Market Price per Share = ` 600 × 25 = ` 15,000
Market capitalisation
No. of Shares before Buyback =
Market price of share
15,000 crore
= = 1 crore
15,000
No. of Shares proposed to Buyback = 20% of 1 crore = 20 lakh
Total No. of Share after Buyback = 1 crore – 20 lakh = 80 lakh
Post Buy back Market Price per Share = ` 10,000
PE Ratio = 25
10000
Post Buyback EPS = = ` 400
25
EAT before Buyback = ` 600 × 1 crore = ` 600 crore
600
EBT before Buyback = = ` 857.1429 crore
(1 - 0.30)
EAT after Buyback = ` 400.00 × 80 lakh = ` 320 crore
320
EBT after Buyback = = ` 457.1429 crore
(1 - 0.30)

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 3

Interest which can be paid for availing bank loan:
EBT before Buyback ` 857.1429 crore
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(-) EBT after Buyback ` 457.1429 crore
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` 400.0000 crore

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ePre Buy back Market Capitalization (A) l a
Alternatively, it can also be computed as follows:

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l Pre Buy back EPS (B) ag
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` 15000 crore

a Pre Buy back PER (C)
` 600
25
Pre Buy back Market Price Per Share (` 600x 5) D = B X C ` 15000
Pre Buy back No. of Shares (A)/ (D) 1 Crore
Post Buy back EPS (A) (` 10000/ 25) ` 400
Post Buy back No. of shares (B) 80 Lakh
Post Buy back Earning (C) = (A) X (B) ` 320 crore

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Pre Buy back Earning 1 Crore X ` 600 (D) ` 600 crore

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Post Tax Earning available for interest payment (D) – (C)

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` 280 Crore

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280crore ` 400 Crore

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Pre- Tax amount of Interest

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− 0.30

(ii) Loan Amount raised =
a400 crore = ` 2500 crore
0.16
(iii) Buyback Premium per Share
Amount of Loan for Buyback of 20 % Shares = ` 2500 crore
No. of Shares Buyback = 20 Lakh
Buyback price per Share = ` 2500 Crore/ 20 Lakh = ` 12500

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Market Price after Buyback = ` 10000

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Buyback Premium Per Share = ` 12500 – ` 10000 = ` 2500

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Alternatively, it can also be computed as follows:

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Amount of Loan (A) ` 2500 crore

a
No. of Shares to be bought back (B) 20 Lakh
Price Per Share to be paid (C) = (A)/ (B) ` 12,500
Post Buy back Share Price (D) ` 10,000
Buy Back Premium per share (C) – (D) ` 2,500

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4 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

(b)
Receipts using a forward contract
USD 2,40,000/0.0123 = ` 1,95,12,195
Receipts using currency futures
The number of contracts needed is (USD = 30
2,40,000/0.0125)/6,40,000
Initial margin payable is 30 contracts x ` 26,000 = ` 7,80,000
On August 1, 2022 Close at 0.0125
Receipts = USD 2,40,000/0.0126 = ` 1,90,47,619
Less: Interest Cost – (7,80,000 x 0.085 x 3/12) = ` 16,575
Net Receipts ` 1,90,31,044
(c) The other areas of application of Swaption other than for speculation are as follows:
(a) It can be applied in a variety of ways for both active traders as well as for corporate
treasurers.
(b) It have become useful tools for hedging embedded optionality which is common to
the natural course of many businesses.
(c) It is useful to borrowers targeting an acceptable borrowing rate.
(d) It is also useful to those businesses tendering for contracts.
(e) It also provides protection on callable/puttable bond issues.
Question 2
(a) Mr. Bull is a rational risk taker. He takes his position in a single stock for 4 days in a week.
He does not take a position on Friday to avoid weekend effect and takes position only for
four days in a week i.e. Monday to Thursday. He transfers the amount on Monday morning
and withdraws the balance on Friday morning. He desires to make a maximum investment
where Value At Risk (VAR) should not exceed the balance lying in his bank account. The
position by his manager, as per standing instructions, is taken on the free balance lying in
the bank account in the morning on each Monday.
On Monday morning (before opening of the capital market) he has transferred an amount
of ` 11 Crore to his bank account. A fixed deposit also matured on this Monday. The
maturity amount of ` 63,42,560 was also credited to his account by the bank in the morning
of the Monday. However, Mr. Bull received the intimation of the same in the evening. The
bank needs a minimum balance of ` 1,000 all the time. The value of Z score, at the required
confidence level of 99 percent is 2.33.
The other information with respect to stocks X and Y, which are under consideration for
this week, is as under:

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 5

X Y
Return Probability Return Probability

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6 0.10 4 0.10

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7 0.25 6 0.20

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8 0.30 8 0.40

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You are required to recommend a single stock, where maximum investment can be made.
(8 Marks)
(b) An investor is considering purchasing equity shares of Alpha Ltd., whose current Market
price is ` 172.45. The company is proposing a dividend of ` 6 for the year ending 31 st
March, 2024. Alpha Ltd. is expected to grow @ 20 percent per annum for the next four
years. Thereafter, the growth, over the next three years, will decline linearly by 100 basis
points per annum. Thereafter, it will stabilize at a certain growth rate per annum infinitely.
The required rate of return for the investor is 20%.

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Dividend value is to be taken in 2 decimal points only.

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You are required:

(ii) To advise whether it is worth a
s
(i) To calculate the stable growth rate

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of Alpha Ltd. after the end of 7 years.

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to purchase the share at this price if the investor has a
stable target growth rate of 15% per annum.
Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PVIF (20%,n) 0.8333 0.6944 0.5787 0.4823 0.4019 0.3349 0.2791
(8 Marks)
(c) 'Pay through securities' are in the nature of participation certificates that enable the
investors to take a direct exposure on the performance of the securitized assets. 'Pass
Through Certificates', on the other hand, gives investors only a charge against the

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securitized assets. Do you agree with the statement? Justify your stand. (4 Marks)

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c. o (a) Working Notes: m
Answer

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las (1) Security X
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aDev. Dev. x Prob.
ag Return (1)
6
Prob. (2)
0.10
(1) x (2)
0.60
Dev.
-2
2

4
2

0.40
7 0.25 1.75 1 1 0.25
8 0.30 2.40 0 0 0

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6 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

9 0.25 2.25 1 1 0.25
10 0.10 1.00 2 4 0.40
8.00 1.30
Expected Return (R x) = 8.00%
Variance (  2X ) = 1.30

Standard Deviation (  X ) = 1.30 = 1.14
(2) Security Y
Return (1) Prob. (2) (1) x (2) Dev. Dev.2 Dev.2 x Prob.
4 0.10 0.40 -4 16 1.60
6 0.20 1.20 -2 4 0.80
8 0.40 3.20 0 0 0
10 0.20 2.00 2 4 0.80
12 0.10 1.20 4 16 1.60
8.00 4.80
Expected Return (R Y) = 8.00%
Variance (  2Y ) = 4.80

Standard Deviation (  Y ) = 4.80 = 2.19

No. of X Y
days
Amount Transferred ` 110000000 ` 110000000
Maturity Proceeds of Fixed Deposit ` 6342560 ` 6342560
Amount available in bank account ` 116342560 ` 116342560
Minimum balance to be kept ` 1000 ` 1000
Available amount which can be used ` 116341560 ` 116341560
for potential investment for 4 days
Maximum loss for 4 days at 99% 4 ` 116341560 ` 116341560
level
Maximum loss for 1 day at 99% level
=
Maximum loss for 4 days/ 1 ` 58170780 ` 58170780
No. of days

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 7

= 116341560/ 4
Z Score at 99% level 2.33 2.33

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Volatility in terms of ` ` 24966000 ` 24966000

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(Maximum Loss/Z Score at 99%

. Deviation
Level)
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s e Maximum Investment (Volatility in ` 2190000000 `1140000000 g
0.0114 0.0219
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a Recommendation: Position should be taken in X.
terms of ` / SD)

(b) (i) Working Notes:
D1 = ` 6
D2 = 6 (1.20) = ` 7.20
D3 = 6 (1.20)2 = ` 8.64

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D4 = 6 (1.20)3 = ` 10.37

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D = 10.37 (1.19) (1.18) = ` 14.56em
D5 = 10.37(1.19) = ` 12.34
6

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D = 10.37 (1.19) (1.18) (1.17)
7 = ` 17.04
Price at the end of 7 year
th

Year Dividend (`) PVF@20% PV (`)
1 6.00 0.8333 5.00
2 7.20 0.6944 5.00
3 8.64 0.5787 5.00
4 10.37 0.4823 5.00

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5 12.34 0.4019 4.96
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6 14.56 0.3349 4.88

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em 34.60 a
7 17.04 0.2791 4.76

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Total

ag Current Market Price ` 172.45
Less: PV of Dividends upto the year ending 7 th year ` 34.60
PV of Expected Market Price at the end of 7 th year ` 137.85

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8 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

17.04 (1+g)
Let g be growth rate then: 137.85 =  0.2791
0.20- g
g = 0.16 i.e. 16%
Thus, the stable growth rate after the end of the 7 years shall be 16%.
(ii) Since growth rate is more than target growth rate it is worth to purchase the share.
(c) Not agreed with the statement.
In Pass Through Certificate originator (seller of the assets) transfers the entire receipt of
cash in the form of interest or principal repayment from the assets sold. Thus, these
securities represent direct claim of the investors on all the assets that has been securitized
through SPV.
Since all cash flows are transferred the investors carry proportional beneficial interest in
the asset held in the trust by SPV.
It should be noted that since it is a direct route any prepayment of principal is also
proportionately distributed among the securities holders.
In contrast to Pass Through Certificate in Pay Through Security, SPV debt securities are
backed by the assets and hence it can restructure different tranches from varying
maturities of receivables. In other words, this structure permits de-synchronization of
servicing of securities issued from cash flow generating from the asset. Further, this
structure also permits the SPV to reinvest surplus funds for short term as per their
requirement.
Question 3
(a) IF an Indian firm has its subsidiary in Singapore and SF a Singapore firm has its subsidiary
in India and face the following interest rates:
Company IF SF
INR Floating Rate BPLR+0.5% BPLR+ 1.5%
SGD (fixed rate) 3% 3.50%
SF wishes to borrow Rupee loan at a floating rate and IF wishes to borrow SGD at a fixed
rate. The amount of loan required by both the companies is same at the current exchange
rate. A Bank arranges a swap and requires 50 basis points as its commission, wh ich is to
be shared equally. IF requires a minimum gain of 20 basis points and SF requires a
minimum gain of 10 basis points for structuring the deal. The Bank is very keen to structure
the deal, even if, it has to forego a part of its commission.
You are required to find out:
(i) Whether there are any advantages available to IF and SF?
(ii) Whether a swap can be arranged which may be beneficial to both the firms?

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 9

(iii) What rate of interest will they end up paying? Show detailed working. (8 Marks)
(b) Mr. V is a commodity trader and specialized himself in trading of rice.

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He has 24,000 Kg. of rice. The following details are available as on date:
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Spot price `/Kg. 70

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3 month's future is trading at `/Kg. 68
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lContract size
Expected Lower price after 3 months `/Kg. 64
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a You are required to advise to Mr. V:
500 Kg./ contract

(i) How to mitigate the risk of fall in price.
(ii) How to use the futures market.
(iii) What will be the effective realized price for his sales if, after 3 months, spot price is
` 69/ Kg. and the 3 months future contract price is
a. ` 72/ Kg.

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b. ` 67/Kg. (8 Marks)

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(c) What makes an organization financially sustainable? (4 Marks)
Answer

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a in both the markets but it has comparative more
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(a) (i) Though firm IF has an advantage
advantage in the INR floating-rate market. Firm SF has a comparative advantage in
the SGD fixed interest rate market.
However, firm IF wants to borrow in the SGD fixed interest rate market and firm SF
wants to borrow in the INR floating-rate market. This gives rise to the swap
opportunity.
IF raises INR floating rate at BPLR + 0.50% and SF raises SGD at 3.50%
Total Potential Gain = (INR interest differential) - (SGD rate differential)

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= (BPLR + 1.50% - BPLR - 0.50%) + (3% - 3.50%) = 0.50%

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Less: Banker's commission (To be shared equally) = *0.20%
Net gain (To be shared as: 0.20% for IF and 0.10% for SF) =e0.30%
em *Since, bank’s commission is 0.50% which constitutes the lentire
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a gain, and it is
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mentioned that bank will forego a part of its commission to structure the deal. Thus,
a it will forego the minimum gain required by IF and SF i.e. 0.20% and 0.10%
respectively.
(ii) Yes, a beneficial swap can be arranged

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10 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

(iii) Effective cost of borrowing = pays to lenders + pays to other party - receives from
other party + banker's commission
IF = BPLR + 0.50% + 2.70%** - (BPLR + 0.50%) + 0.10% = 2.80%
(** has been arrived as 3% - 0.20% - 0.10%)
SF = 3.50% + BPLR + 0.50% - 2.70% + 0.10% = BPLR + 1.40%
(b) (i) In order to hedge its position Mr. V (trader) should use Future Contracts.
Particulars
(a) Quantity of Rice to be hedged 24000 kg.
(b) Contract Size 500 kg.
(c) No. of Contracts (a/b) 48
(d) Future Price ` 68/kg.
(e) Exposure in the future market (a x d) `16,32,000
(ii) Mr. V should short 48 Future contracts at the price ` 68/kg and cancel its position
after 3 months by buying Future contract at prevailing Future price.
(iii) After 3 months, trader would cancel its position in the future by buying a future
contract of same quantity and will sell Rice in the spot market and position shall be
as follows:
Particulars ` `
(a) Price of Future Contract 72/kg. 67/kg.
(b) Amount bought 17,28,000 16,08,000
(c) Exposure 16,32,000 16,32,000
(d) Gain/(Loss) on future position (b – c) (96,000) 24,000
(e) Spot Price 69/kg 69/kg
(f) Amount realized by selling in the spot market 16,56,000 16,56,000
(g) Effective Selling Amount (f + d) ` 15,60,000 ` 16,80,000
(g) Effective Selling Price ` 65/kg. ` 70/kg.
(c) To be financially sustainable, an organisation must-
i. Have more than one source of income;
ii. Have more than one way of generating income;
iii. Do strategic, action and financial planning regularly;
iv. Have adequate financial systems;
v. Have a good public image;

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 11

vi. Be clear about its values (value clarity); and
vii. Have financial autonomy.

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Question 4
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(a) An investor, in the beginning of 2022, has purchased substantial number of 8 year 7.50%,

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` 1000 bond with 5% premium on maturity at a required Yield to Maturity (YTM) of 8.50 %.

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However, due to the continuing war in Europe, the inflation is running very high in the

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economies of the countries. The yield on the bonds is decreasing. The risk averse investor

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wants to protect himself from further loss and decides to sell the bonds in 2023. He has
got a proposal from another investor who is willing to purchase these bonds by shelling out
a maximum amount of ` 797.50 per bond.
Investor follows intrinsic value method for valuation of the Bonds.
You are required to determine
(i) The Market price, Duration and Volatility of the bond.
(ii) Will it be a right decision of the new investor if he is looking for Required Yield to
Maturity (YTM) as 12% p.a. ?
3m
Period 1
o
0.9217 0.8495 .c0.7829 0.7216 0.6650 0.6129 0.5649
2 4 5 6 7

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PVIF (8.50%,n)

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(b) Hopeful Ltd., an Indian MNC isg
(9 Marks)

a executing a plant in Nepal. It has raised ` 400 Billion. Half
of the amount will be required after six months' time. Hopeful Ltd. is looking for an
opportunity to invest this amount for a period of six months. It is considering following two
options:
Market UK Europe
Nature of Investment Index Fund (GBP) Treasury Bills (Euro)
Dividend (GBP in Billions) 0.1369 -

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Income from stock lending (GBP in 0.0007 -

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Billions)

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Discount on the investment value at 2%

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the end

las Interest
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GBP/ INR 0.0099 a EUR/INR 0.011
- 7.8 percent per annum

ag Exchange Rate (Spot)
Exchange Rate (6 month Forward) GBPI INR 0.0100 EUR/INR 0.011
As an investment manager advise the best option to invest. (7 Marks)

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12 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

(c) Personal Financing is one of the innovative ways to finance a startup. Discuss any four
other methods. (4 Marks)
Answer
(a) (i) (A) Market Price of Bond
= 1,000 X 7.50% X (PVIAF 8.50%,7) + 1,050 X (PVIF 8.5%,7)
= 75 X 5.1185 + 1050 X 0.5649
= 383.89 + 593.15 = ` 977.04
(B) Duration of Bond
Year Cash flow P.V. @ 8.5% Proportion of Proportion of
bond value bond value x
time (years)
1 75 0.9217 69.128 0.071 0.071
2 75 0.8495 63.713 0.065 0.130
3 75 0.7829 58.718 0.060 0.180
4 75 0.7216 54.120 0.055 0.220
5 75 0.6650 49.875 0.051 0.255
6 75 0.6129 45.968 0.047 0.282
7 1125 0.5649 635.513 0.651 4.557
977.035 5.695
Duration of the Bond is 5.695 years.
Alternatively, it can also be calculated as follows:
Year Cash flow PVF PV
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) x (4)
1 75 0.9217 69.13 69.13
2 75 0.8495 63.71 127.42
3 75 0.7829 58.72 176.16
4 75 0.7216 54.12 216.48
5 75 0.6650 49.88 249.40
6 75 0.6129 45.97 275.82
7 1125 0.5649 635.51 4448.57
977.04 5562.98

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 13

5562.98
Duration of the Bond = = 5.69 years
977.04

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(C) Volatility of Bond-

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Volatility = Duration/(1+YTM)

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e Or = 5.69/ (1+0.085) = 5.24 a
= 5.695/ (1+0.085) = 5.249

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l(ii)a PV of Bond @ 12% YTM ag
ag = ` 75 PVIAF (12%, 7) + `1050 X PVIF (12%, 7)
= ` 75 X 4.5637 + ` 1050 X 0.4523
= ` 342.28 + ` 474.92 = ` 817.20
Since, Intrinsic Value of Bond is ` 817.20 the decision of new investor is right at
purchase price of ` 797.50.
Alternatively, it can also be solved as follows:

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Price Difference between Current Selling Price & Intrinsic Value ` 179.54

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 Price Difference × 100 

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Increase in Yield justified   3.50%

a
 
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Volatility × P
 
Justified YTM (8.50% + g
0

a 3.50%) 12%
Thus, the decision of investor is right.
(b) (i) Investment in UK Market (in billions)
Particulars Currency INR ER Currency GBP
Available amount 200 0.0099 1.98
Dividend Income 0.1369

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Stock Lending Income 0.0007

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Investment value at the end after 1.9404

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discount @ 2%

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Amount available at the end of 6-

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months
Conversion after 6 months 0.0100 ` 207.80
Gain ` 7.80

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14 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

Investment in Europe (in billions)
Particulars Currency INR ER EUR
Available amount 200 0.011 2.2000
Interest for 6 months @ 7.80% p.a. 0.0858
Amount available at the end 2.2858
Amount available at the end of 6-months
Conversion after 6 months 0.011 ` 207.80
Gain ` 7.80
The gain amount is same in both the options so Hopeful Ltd. is indifferent. However,
Treasury Bills are risk free, so investment in Treasury Bills (Euro) is suggested.
Alternative Solution
(i) If investment is made in Index Fund (GBP)
Initial Investment (` 200 Billion x 0.0099) GBP 1.9800 billions
Dividend Income GBP 0.1369 billions
Income from Stock Lending GBP 0.0007 billions
Discount (GBP 0.0396 billions)
Value of Investment after 6 months GBP 2.0780 billions
Value of Investment after 6 months in ` @ GBP/ INR ` 207.8000 billions
(ii) If investment is made in Treasury Bills (Europe)
Initial Investment (` 200 Billion x 0.011) EUR 2.2000 billions
Interest for 6 months @ 7.8% p.a. EUR 0.0858 billions
Value of Investment after 6 months EUR 2.2858 billions
Value of Investment after 6 months in ` @ EUR/ INR ` 207.8000 billions
0.011
The equivalent amount is same in both the options so Hopeful Ltd. is indifferent.
However, Treasury Bills are risk free, so investment in Treasury Bills (EUR) is
suggested.
(c) Other innovative ways to finance startup are as follows:
(i) Personal credit lines: One qualifies for personal credit line based on one’s personal
credit efforts. Credit cards are a good example of this. However, banks are very
cautious while granting personal credit lines. They provide this facility only when the
business has enough cash flow to repay the line of credit.

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 15

(ii) Family and friends: These are the people who generally believe in you, without even
thinking that your idea works or not. However, the loan obligations to friends and

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relatives should always be in writing as a promissory note or otherwise.

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(iii) Peer-to-peer lending: In this process group of people come together and lend money

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to each other. Peer to peer lending has been there for many years. Many small and

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ethnic business groups having similar faith or interest generally support each other in

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their start up endeavors.

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(iv) Crowdfunding: Crowdfunding is the use of small amounts of capital from a large
number of individuals to finance a new business initiative. Crowdfunding makes use
of the easy accessibility of vast networks of people through social media and
crowdfunding websites to bring investors and entrepreneurs together.
(v) Microloans: Microloans are small loans that are given by individuals at a lower
interest to a new business ventures. These loans can be issued by a single individual
or aggregated across a number of individuals who each contribute a portion of the
total amount.
(vi) Vendor financing: Vendor financing is the form of financing in which a company

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lends money to one of its customers so that he can buy products from the company

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itself. Vendor financing also takes place when many manufacturers and distributors

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are convinced to defer payment until the goods are sold. This means extending the

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payment terms to a longer period for e.g. 30 days payment period can be extended

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to 45 days or 60 days. However, this depends on one’s credit worthiness and payment
of more money.
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(vii) Purchase order financing: The most common scaling problem faced by startups is
the inability to find a large new order. The reason is that they don’t have the necessary
cash to produce and deliver the product. Purchase order financing companies often
advance the required funds directly to the supplier. This allows the completion of
transaction and profit flows up to the new business.
(viii) Factoring accounts receivables: In this method, a facility is given to the seller who
has sold the good on credit to fund his receivables till the amount is fully received.

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So, when the goods are sold on credit, and the credit period (i.e. the date upto which

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payment shall be made) is for example 6 months, factor will pay most of the sold

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amount up front and rest of the amount later. Therefore, in this way, a startup can

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meet his day to day expenses.

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Question 5
(a) M/S. Promising, an AMC, on 01.04.2018 has floated twoa schemes viz. Dividend
ag Reinvestment Plan and Bonus Plan. Mr. X, an investor has invested in both the schemes.
Mr. X, while submitting the tax papers, returned a capital loss on both the plans. Tax
officials, suspicious on the claim of Mr. X, decided to launch an investigation and were able
to collect the following details (except the issue price):

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16 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

Date Dividend (%) Bonus NAV (`)
Ratio Dividend Bonus Plan
Reinvestment Plan
01.04.2018 ? ?
31.12.2019 1:5 58 70
31.03.2020 12 60 72
31.03.2021 10 68 75
31.03.2022 15 75 66
31.12.2022* 1:3 70 60
31.03.2023 80 71
* In question paper this row got typed before the row of values of 31.03.2022.
Additional details Dividend Reinvestment Plan Bonus Plan
Investment (`) ` 10,80,000 ` 10,00,000
Average Profit (`) ` 1,21,824
Average Yield (%) 8.40%
Assume face value of unit as ` 10.
You are required to assist the tax officials to calculate the issue price of both the schemes
as on 01.04.2018. (8 Marks)
(b) Mr. Potential has made investments in two mutual funds. The following information is
available:
Mutual Fund Smart Growth
Jensen Alpha 1.10% 1.50%
Treynor's Ratio 0.0714 0.0775
Actual Return 8.50% 9.10%
Risk Premium 4%
You are required to calculate:
(i) Beta (β) for both the funds
(ii) Risk free Rate
(iii) Security Market Line (8 Marks)
(c) "A Limited Partnership Entity, in India, is not recognized for the purpose of Venture Capital
Fund." Do you agree? Briefly explain the structure of Venture Capital Fund in India.
(4 Marks)

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 17

Answer
(a) (i) Dividend Plan
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(a) Average Annual gain over a period of 5 Years ` 1,21,824

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(c) .Initial Investment
(b) Total gain over a period of 5 years (a*5) ` 6,09,120
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se(d) Total value of investment (b+c) l
`10,80,000

la (e) NAV as on 31.3.2023 ag
` 16,89,120

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a (f) Number of units at the end of the period as on 31.03.2022 (d/e)
` 80
21114

1 2 3 4 = (2*3) 5 6 = [1/(4+5)]*4 7
Period Units Rate Unit Dividend NAV New Units* Balance Units
held value Pre Dividend
31.03.2022 21114 0.15 10 1.50 75 414 20700

m 60
31.03.2021 20700 0.10 10 1.00 68 300 20400
31.03.2020 20400 0.12
. c o10 1.20 400 20000

s em 20000 (c/i) = ` 54
Issue Price as on 01.04.2018

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Investment 1080000/ Units purchased
* Let the units issued beaX
X = (Closing Units/NAV + Dividend) x Dividend
Alternatively, it can also be computed as follows:
(i) Dividend Plan
Average Profit = ` 121,824
Total Gain = ` 121,824 x 5 = ` 6,09,120
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Cost of Acquisition = ` 10,80,000

c. o Maturity Value = ` 16,89,120 (` 6,09,120 + ` 10,80,000)
s em are:
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On 31.03.23 since the NAV of the Fund is ` 80 the units redeemed

gla 16,89,120
a
a
= 21114
80
Let X be the NAV on 01.04.18.

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18 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

1080000
Thus, units acquired on 01.04.18 =
X

 1080000 
 X ×1.2  21600 
Units added on 31.03.2020 = = 
60  X 
1080000 21600 
 X + X  16200
Units added on 31.03.2021 = =
68 X

 1080000 21600 16200  1.5 22356
Units added on 31.03.2022=  + + × =
 X X X  75 X

Thus, total units can be shown as follows:
 1080000 21600 16200 22356  = 21114
 X + X + X + X 
 
X = 54
Thus, the issue Price of units under Dividend Plan shall be ` 54
(ii) Bonus Plan
(a) Average Yield 0.084
(b) Investment ` 10,00,000
(c) Gain over a period of 5 years (a*b*5) ` 4,20,000
(d) Market Value as on 31.03.2023 (b + c) ` 14,20,000
(e) NAV as on 31.03.2023 71
(f) Total units as on 31.03.2023 (d/e) 20000
(g) No of units as on 31.03.2022 Pre bonus = 20000*3/ (3 + 1) 15000
(h) No of units as on 31.12.2019 Pre bonus = 15000*5/ (5 + 1) 12500
(i) Issue Price as on 01.04.2019
Investment ` 10,00,000/ Units purchased 12500 (b/h) ` 80
Alternatively, it can also be computed as follows:
Units on 01.04.2018 X
Units after bonus on 31.12.2019 (1:5) 1.20X
Units after bonus on 31.12.2022 (1:3) 1.60X

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 19

Average yield 0.084
Investment ` 10,00,000

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om 1.6X x ` 71 = ` 14,20,000 c. o
Gain for 5 years (10,00,000 x 0.084 x 5) ` 4,20,000

c.Where, em
Total Value (` 10,00,000 + ` 4,20,000) ` 14,20,000

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e Therefore, X = 12,500 units l a s
l a s ag
ag Issue Price on 01.04.2018 = ` 10,00,000 / 12,500 units = ` 80
Alternatively, it can also be computed as follows:
Average Yield = 8.40%
Investment = ` 10,00,000
Gain over a period of 5 years = ` 10,00,000*0.084*5 = ` 4,20,000
Thus, Maturity Value on 31.03.23 shall be ` 14,20,000

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14,20,000
No. of units = = 20,000
71

e m then
a s 10,00,000
Now let B be the NAV on 01.04.18

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ag
Units acquired on 01.04.18 =
B
10,00,000 1 2,00,000
Units added on 31.12.19= × =
B 5 B
12,00,000 1 4,00,000
Units added on 31.12.21= × =
B 3 B
Thus, total units can be shown as follows:

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 1000000 200000 400000 
m  B + B + B  = 20000
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 

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B = ` 80

las a
Thus, the issue Price of units under Bonus Plan shall be ` 80.
g
ag (b)
Smart Growth
Jensen Alpha 0.011 0.015
Treynor’s Ratio 0.0714 0.0775

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20 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

Actual Return 0.085 0.091
Risk Premium 0.04 0.04
Jensen Alpha = Actual Return - E(r)
E (r ) − Rf
Treynor’s Ratio =

E(r) = Actual Return – Jensen Alpha
For Smart:
0.04βS = 0.074 – Rf (1)
0.0714βS =0.085 – Rf. (2)
On solving (1) and (2), we get β S = 0.35 and R f = 0.06
For Growth:
0.04βG = 0.076 – Rf (3)
0.0775βG = 0.091 – Rf (4)
On solving (3) and (4), we get β G = 0.40 and R f = 0.06
(i) Beta of Smart Mutual Fund is 0.35 and Growth Mutual Fund is 0.40.
(ii) Risk free Rate = 6%
(iii) Security Market Line for Smart = 0.06 + 0.04β
Security Market Line for Growth = 0.06 + 0.04β
Alternative Solution: In case students have assumed Risk Premium as Equity Risk
Premium of respective securities.
Working Notes:
(i) Smart
Jensen Alpha = 0.011
Actual Return = 0.085
Thus, expected return (as per CAPM) = 0.074
Accordingly, Risk Free Rate of Return:
0.074 = Rf + 0.04
Rf = 0.034
Treynor’s Ratio = 0.0714

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 21

0.085 - 0.034
0.0714 =
βS

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βS = 0.714

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0.04

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Market Risk Premium = = 0.056

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0.714

a
l Jensen Alpha = 0.015 ag
(ii) Growth
g
a Actual Return = 0.091
Thus, expected return (as per CAPM) = 0.076
Accordingly, Risk Free Rate of Return:
0.076 = Rf + 0.04
Rf = 0.036

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Treynor’s Ratio = 0.0775

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0.091 - 0.036
0.0775 =

s
βG

g l a
a0.04 = 0.056
βG = 0.710

Market Risk Premium =
0.710
Security Market Line for Smart = 0.034 + 0.056βS
Security Market Line for Growth = 0.036 + 0.056β G
(c) Yes, agree with the statement.
Three main types of fund structure exist: one for domestic funds and two for offshore ones:

o m
c
(a) Domestic Funds: Domestic Funds (i.e. one which raises funds domestically) are

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usually structured as:
(i) A domestic vehicle for the pooling of funds from the investor, andm
s e manager.
s em (ii) A separate investment adviser that carries those duties of a
The choice of entity for the pooling vehicle falls between g
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asset

g a a trust and a company,
a (India, unlike most developed countries does not recognize a limited partnership),
with the trust form prevailing due to its operational flexibility.
(b) Offshore Funds: Two common alternatives available to offshore investors are: the
“offshore structure” and the “unified structure”.

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22 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

Offshore structure
Under this structure, an investment vehicle (an LLC or an LP organized in a
jurisdiction outside India) makes investments directly into Indian portfolio companies.
Typically, the assets are managed by an offshore manager, while the investment
advisor in India carries out the due diligence and identifies deals.
Unified Structure
When domestic investors are expected to participate in the fund, a unified structure
is used. Overseas investors pool their assets in an offshore vehicle that invests in a
locally managed trust, whereas domestic investors directly contribute to the trust. This
is later device used to make the local portfolio investments.
Question 6
(a) Big Ltd. (BL), a listed company, is enjoying a price earnings ratio (PER) of 15 on an
Earnings Per Share (EPS) of ` 5. The Total number of outstanding shares are 2,00,000.
BL is proposing to acquire Small Pvt. Ltd. (SPL) an unlisted company by issuing shares in
the ratio 4:5 i.e. for 5 shares of SPL 4 shares of BL will be issued. The outstanding shares
of SPL are 50,000. SPL will be listed before the actual merger to discover its value. The
EPS of the merged entity will be 5.5.
No other information is available for SPL.
You are required to calculate:
(i) Pre-merger EPS of SPL.
(ii) Expected Market Price per Share of SPL at the time of listing, if it expects a PER of
10 and,
(iii) Number of shares of BL to be issued to SPL if pre-merger EPS of BL is to be
maintained. (8 Marks)
(b) An Investor is proposing to invest ` 10,000/- in two Portfolios A and B in the ratio of 3 : 2.
The Portfolios have three securities each with following weights :
Wx Wy Wz
Portfolio A 0.30 0.25 0.45
Portfolio B 0.20 0.45 0.35
You are required to
(i) Calculate the weight of each stock.
(ii) Calculate the amount allocated to Y and Z if half of the funds are allocated to security
X. (8 Marks)
Note: In question paper in sub part (ii) Y and Z mistakenly got typed as B and C.

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 23

(c) "The commodity characteristic approach defines feasible commodities for derivatives
trading based on an extensive list of required commodity attributes." What are the required

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attributes? (4 Marks)

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OR

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Index Funds is one of the Special Funds. What are other funds in Special Funds category?

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(4 Marks)

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Answera
a (i) Pre Merger EPS
(a)
No. of shares to be issued by BL to SPL (50,000 x 4/5) 40,000
Existing number of shares of BL 2,00,000
Total no. of shares Post Merger 2,40,000
EPS (Post Merger) ` 5.50
Post-Merger (Total Earning) ` 13,20,000

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Less: Pre-Merger Earning of BL (2,00,000 x 5) ` 10,00,000

c o
Number of shares of SPL (Existing) .
Pre-Merger Earning of SPL ` 3,20,000

s em
50,000

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EPS (` 3,20,000/50,000) ` 6.40

(ii) Expected Market Price of g
a SPL share at the day of listing
EPS x PE Ratio (6.40 x 10) = ` 64.00
(iii) Number of shares to be issued to SPL to maintain Pre-Merger EPS
5.00 = 13,20,000/(2,00,000+X)
10,00,000 + 5X = 13,20,000
X = 64,000

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Thus, 64,000 shares to be issued by BL to SPL to maintain pre-merger EPS.

c. o Alternatively, it can also be computed as follows:

se
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s em Swap Ratio if EPS before merger is maintained by BL
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gla Then, Swap Ratio =6.4 / 5 = 1.28
a
a Number of shares of BL is to be issued to SPL is 50000 shares x 1.28 = 64000 shares

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24 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

(b) (i) Investment committed to each security would be:
X Y Z Total
(`) (`) (`) (`)
Portfolio A 1,800 1,500 2,700 6,000
Portfolio B 800 1,800 1,400 4,000
Combined Portfolio 2,600 3,300 4,100 10,000
Stock weights 0.26 0.33 0.41

Alternatively, it can also be computed as follows:
Weight of Security X = 0.30 x 3/5 + 0.20 x 2/5 = 0.26
Weight of Security Y = 0.25 x 3/5 + 0.45 x 2/5 = 0.33
Weight of Security Z = 0.45 x 3/5 + 0.35 x 2/5 = 0.41
(ii) The equation of critical line takes the following form:
WY = a + bWX
Substituting the values of WX & WY from portfolio A and B in above equation, we get
0.25 = a + 0.30b, and
0.45 = a + 0.20b
Solving above equation we obtain the slope and intercept, a = 0.85 and b= -2 and
thus, the critical line is
WY = 0.85 – 2WX
If half of the funds is invested in security X then,
WY = 0.85 – 1.00 = - 0.15
Since WX + WY + WZ = 1
WZ = 1 - 0.50 + 0.15 = 0.65
Allocation of funds to Security Y = - 0.15 x 10,000 = - ` 1,500 and
Security Z = 0.65 x 10,000 = ` 6,500
Alternatively, it can also be solved as follows:
Amount to be allocated to Y & Z if half of the funds are allocated to X.
The balance fund of ` 5,000 shall be allocated in the ratio of 33:41.

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PAPER – 2 : STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 25

Allocation of funds to - Security Y = 5,000 x 33/74 = ` 2,230
Security Z = 5,000 x 41/74 = ` 2,770
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(c) The following attributes are considered crucial for qualifying for the derivatives trade:

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(1) A commodity should be durable and it should be possible to store it;

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(2) Units must be homogeneous;

g la supply and demand must be large;
(3) The commodity must be subject to frequent price fluctuations with wide
a
amplitude;
a
(4) Supply must flow naturally to market and there must be breakdowns in an existing
pattern of forward contracting.
OR
The other funds in Special Fund category are as follows:
(a) International Funds: A mutual fund located in India to raise money in India for

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investing globally.

c. o
(b) Offshore Funds: A mutual fund located in India to raise money globally for investing

em fund in a particular industry e.g. utility fund for
in India.
(c) Sector Funds: They invest theirsentire
g lapublic works.
a
utility industry like power, gas,
(d) Money Market Funds: These are predominantly debt-oriented schemes, whose main
objective is preservation of capital, easy liquidity and moderate income. To achieve
this objective, liquid funds invest predominantly in safer short-term instruments like
Commercial Papers, Certificate of Deposits, Treasury Bills, G-Secs etc.
(e) Fund of Funds: Fund of Funds (FoF) as the name suggests are schemes which
invest in other mutual fund schemes. The concept is popular in markets where there

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are number of mutual fund offerings and choosing a suitable scheme according to

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one’s objective is tough. Just as a mutual fund scheme invests in a portfolio of
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securities such as equity, debt etc., the underlying investments for a FoF is the units

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of other mutual fund schemes, either from the same fund family or from other fund

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houses.

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(f) Capital Protection Oriented Fund: The term ‘capital protection oriented scheme’

a means a mutual fund scheme which is designated as such and which endeavours to
protect the capital invested therein through suitable orientation of its portfolio
structure. The orientation towards protection of capital originates from the portfolio
structure of the scheme and not from any bank guarantee, insurance cover etc.

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26 FINAL EXAMINATION: MAY, 2023

(g) Gold Funds: The objective of these funds is to track the performance of Gold. The
units represent the value of gold or gold related instruments held in the scheme. Gold
Funds which are generally in the form of an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) are listed
on the stock exchange and offers investors an opportunity to participate in the bullion
market without having to take physical delivery of gold.
(h) Quant Funds: Quant Fund works on a data-driven approach for stock selection and
investment decisions based on a pre-determined rules or parameters using statistics
or mathematics-based models.

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