Class 12 Sample Paper 2023 Solutions History

Class 12 Sample Paper 2023 Solution

Practice Questions - MARKING SCHEME
Session 2022-2023)
CLASS-XII

HISTORY (027)

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 80

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VALUE POINTS/ANSWERS

SECTION A (1x21=21 )
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Q.1 Historians study ancient textual traditions to learn more about who wrote 1
what and for whom.
Accordingly, what does the above line MOST LIKELY suggest about
historical text/inscriptions?

A. They comment on social situations and practices.
B. They were written from the perspective of some social categories.
C. They highlight the authority that the kings enjoyed over their subjects.
D. The language used in such sources was used by locals and royals of
that era.

ANSWER: B. They were written from the perspective of some social
categories.
Q.2 Which of the following is reinforced by inscriptions that describe the 1
kingdoms which ruled the Indian subcontinent between 600 BCE & 600
CE?

A. locals lived in mud houses
B. some people learned to read
C. high violence against women
D. seals were used for international trade

ANSWER: B. some people learned to read
Q.3 Match the following and select the CORRECT option. 1

List I List II
1. Mature Harappan a. Magan (Oman)
settlement
2. Early Harappan b. Lothal (Gujarat)
settlement

3. Copper c. Cemetery H (Punjab region - India
and Pakistan)

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4. Late Harappan occupation d. Kalibangan (Rajasthan)

A. 1 - a, 2 - b, 3 - c, 4 - d
B. 1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - c
C. 1- b, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4 - c
D. 1- d, 2 - c, 3 - b, 4 – a

ANSWER: B. 1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 – c
Q.4 Which of the following would describe the marriage between Ratna 1
Mohanty, an Odia woman, and Raghbir Rathod, a man from Rajasthan?

A. Polygyny
B. Exogamy
C. Polyandry
D. Endogamy

ANSWER: B. Exogamy
Q.5 Given below is an image of Rajgir which is located in present-day Bihar 1
and used to be known as Rajagaha during the sixth and the fourth
centuries BCE.

Source: NCERT

Which of the following statements about Rajgir may be said to
be TRUE based on the image?

A. It was a place that was strategically important to defend from enemy
attacks.
B. It was a place that was specifically designated for poor people to live.
C. It was located on a land where farming could be done by people easily.

D. It was a place where walls were made of clay bricks and mortar.

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ANSWER: A. It was a place that was strategically important to defend
from enemy attacks

NOTE: The following question is for visually impaired candidates in lieu
of an image question.

Who among the following would DEFINITELY be the poorest in a village
which existed during King Ashoka's rule?

A. landless labourers
B. small peasants
C. untouchables
D. gahapati

ANSWER: A. landless labourers
Q.6 'Monastic existence is a necessary condition of salvation.' 1
Source: NCERT
Accordingly which of the following is ESSENTIALLY desirable to attain
salvation in Jainism?

A. being forgiving to other fellow human beings
B. live a free life from possessions and ties
C. follow the path of non-violence and truth
D. concentrate on performing karma

ANSWER: B. live a free life from possessions and ties
Q.7 Which among the following was used in warfare by the Vijayanagara 1
Empire during the 14th century?

A. musket
B. cannon
C. sword
D. stone

ANSWER: C. sword
Q.8 Fill in the blank: 1

In the Vijayanagara Empire, Nayakas and Amar Nayakas were regarded
as powerful because both __________.

A. owned the most fertile land in the kingdom
B. had friendly relations with the Sultans
C. managed and controlled the temples
D. offered military support to the King

ANSWER: D. offered military support to the King

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Q.9 Given below are the places in which the Bhakti movement originated and 1
spread across the country.
Arrange them in the correct chronological order.

i. Assam
ii. Karnataka
iii. Tamil Nadu
iv. Maharashtra

Options:

A. i, iv, iii, ii
B. ii, iii, i, iv
C. iii, ii, iv, i
D. iv, i, ii, iii

ANSWER: C. iii, ii, iv, i
Q.10 There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and 1
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): The Harappan civilization declined gradually and slowly rather
than abruptly.
Reason (R): Harappa witnessed many climatic changes, deforestation,
excessive floods, and overuse of the landscape before collapsing.

A. A is true but R is false.
B. A is false but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

ANSWER: D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
Q.11 Al-Biruni, Ibn Battuta, and Francois Bernier came from vastly different 1
social and cultural environments. Hence, they were more attentive to
everyday activities and practices.

Accordingly, which of the following would such travellers MOST
LIKELY include in their writings?

A. poetry that praised the emperor
B. weapons that were used in a war
C. people's participation in choosing their local leader
D. customs that were followed during wedding celebrations

ANSWER: D. customs that were followed during wedding celebrations
Q.12 The names of some notable individuals linked to the Indian uprising of 1
1857 are listed below.

Which among the following is CORRECTLY matched?

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A. Lord Dalhousie - Viceroy of India
B. Wajid Ali Shah - Mughal Emperor
C. Shah Mal - rebel leader of the Kol tribals
D. Nana Saheb - successor to Peshwa Baji Rao II

ANSWER: D. Nana Saheb - successor to Peshwa Baji Rao II
Q.13 There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and 1
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): Rich ryots and village headmen – jotedars and mandals –
wanted the Zamindars to be in trouble.
Reason (R): The greater part of rural credit was supplied by the jotedars, not
by the Zamindars who administered rural territory than owning land.

A. A is true but R is false.
B. A is false but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

ANSWER: C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
Q.14 Al-Biruni depended mainly on the works of Brahmansa and often quoted 1
from the Vedas, the Puranas, the Bhagavad Gita, the works of Patanjali,
and the Manusmriti.

From the above line, which of the following can be inferred?

A. He understood the oppression that untouchables faced in Indian society.
B. He read extensively about the existence of different religions in India.
C. He had a clear understanding of state diplomacy and administration.
D. He learned a lot about Indian society by reading ancient texts.

ANSWER: D. He learned a lot about Indian society by reading ancient
texts.
Q.15 Consider the working conditions of the following farmers: 1

P: He owns a small piece of land in his village which he cultivates with his
wife.
Q: She is a farmer who cultivates outside of her village as she earns more
there.
R: He owns a large size land in his village and hires farmers to work in his
fields.
S: He is a farmer who works on land outside of his village on a contractual
basis.

Who among these would have been considered khud-kashta peasants in

17th-century India?

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A. both P and Q
B. both R and S
C. both P and R
D. both Q and S

ANSWER: C. both P and R
Q.16 Why did most people work in the agriculture sector during medieval 1
India?

A. The Mughals and other princely states during that time paid farmers the
highest salaries.
B. There were plenty of cultivable lands where food and non-food crops
could be produced.
C. According to caste rules, all members of the society needed to produce
their own food.
D. Unlike other professions at the time, farming was done by both men
and women.

ANSWER: B. There were plenty of cultivable lands where food and non-
food crops could be produced.
Q.17 Why did the British favour the Santhals more than the Paharias? 1

A. Paharias were a nomadic group whereas the Santhals were a civilised
settled population.
B. Paharias refused to practice shifting agriculture which the Santhals
agreed to do.
C. Santhals agreed to collect mahua from the forests which the Paharias
denied.
D. Santhals were ready to clear forests and plough which the Paharias
refused.

ANSWER: D. Santhals were ready to clear forests and plough which the
Paharias refused.
Q.18 Which among the following actions were adopted by followers of 1
Gandhian Nationalism?

A. encouraging people to learn English
B. giving hate speech against the Indian minorities
C. mobilising people to form an army against the British
D. breaking unfair laws that the British had imposed on Indians

ANSWER: D. breaking unfair laws that the British had imposed on
Indians
Q.19 Which of the following sources from the 19th century will NOT provide 1

facts surrounding the events of the sepoy mutiny?

A. articles from the Delhi Urdu Akhbar

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B. coins and jewellery used by people
C. images from the Punch Magazine
D. the Azamgarh Proclamation

ANSWER: B. coins and jewellery used by people
Q.20 After discussion among the constituent assembly members, which of the 1
following was added to the Indian Constitution?

A. reserving one-third of the seats for women in local governments
B. having separate electoral seats for the Dalits and the Adivasis
C. granting the right to vote to all adult citizens of India
D. reserving seats for Muslims in government bodies

ANSWER: C. granting the right to vote to all adult citizens of India
Q.21 Why did the argument for greater power to the provinces provoke a 1
strong reaction among the members of the Assembly?

A. They feared that decentralisation will stall the economic development
of the nation.
B. They feared that people would be more loyal to the province than the
nation.
C. They wanted Indians to be under one nation - one government model.
D. They wanted to follow the British unitary system of governance.

ANSWER: A. They feared that decentralisation will stall the economic
development of the nation.
SECTION B (3x6=18)
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.22 Give three examples that demonstrate complicated decision-making took place 3
in the Harappan society.

ANSWER:

i. settlements were strategically set up in specific locations
ii. uniformity of Harappan artifacts such as pottery, seals, weights, and
bricks
iii. labour was mobilised for making bricks and for the construction of
massive walls and platforms

(Award 1 mark each to the above or any other relevant points)

OR

Explain how archaeologists classified Harappan artefacts to reconstruct their
history.

ANSWER:

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i. Archaeologists classify the artefacts in terms of material, such as stone,
clay, bone, ivory, etc.
ii. Another classification archaeologists make is to decide whether an
artefact is a tool or an ornament, or both, or something for meant for
ritual use.
iii. Archaeologists also try to identify the function of an artefact by
investigating the context in which it was found- in a drain, in a grave,
in a kiln or in a house.

(Award 1 mark each to the above or any other relevant points)

Q.23 'One means of claiming high status was to identify with a variety of deities.' 3

(a) What do the above lines imply about the new notions of kingships? (1)
(b) Give two examples of what the states did to establish the new style of
kingships between 200 to 300 AD.(2)

ANSWER:

(a) Many chiefs and kings including the Satavahanas, and the Shakas, the
Kushanas, once they acquired power believed that their power would
increase if they project themselves as divine gods who cannot be
questioned.

(b)

i. The Kushanas believed the strategy of installing colossal statues
would present them in front of their subjects as godlike.
ii. Many Kushana rulers also adopted the title devaputra, or “son of
god”
iii. Gupta rulers commissioned poets to write prashastis which were
composed in praise of kings.

(Award 1 mark each for any two of the above points or any other
relevant points)

Q.24 Give three reasons why Ibn Battuta's travel accounts differ greatly from Al 3
Biruni's travel accounts.

ANSWER:

i. Ibn Battuta travelled to more countries compared to Al Biruni, so his
travel account would have extensive details about multiple countries
making it diverse.

ii. Ibn Battuta provided details about India in the 14th century whereas Al
Biruni's work was from the 11th century, so Ibn Battuta's work was
more contemporary than Al Biruni's.

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iii. Ibn Battuta extensively recorded details about the cities their
opportunities, architecture, and market some of which still can be
referred to to understand life in contemporary urban centers whereas Al
Biruni centered a lot more on understanding caste in India.

(Award 1 mark each to the above or any other relevant points)

Q.25 'In the constant struggle for power, forts and fortified settlements of the 3
Vijayanagara Empire played a significant role in resisting invasions.' Discuss.

ANSWER:

- The rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire created the cities with the main object
of protection against invasions. They created first level of Fortification that
encircled not only the city but also its agricultural hinterland and forests. The
second line of fortification went around the inner core of the urban complex. A
third line surrounded the royal center, within which each set of major buildings
was surrounded by its own high walls.

- The goal of medieval sieges was to starve the defenders to death. These
sieges could last for several months, if not years. Typically, rulers attempted to
prepare for such situations by constructing large granaries within fortified
areas but the rulers of Vijayanagara through fortification managed to protect
themselves through many attacks.

- Visitors to the city, irrespective of their guilds and intentions had to travel
through heavily fortified and protected environs before reaching the main
urban core, passing through so much fortification also acted as a deterrent for
those who conspired to invade the Vijayanagara empire.

(to be assessed as a whole)

Q.26 ‘The East India Company commissioned Buchanan with specific instructions 3
about what he had to look for and what he had to record.’

Justify the above statement with three suitable arguments.

ANSWER:

- Buchanan during his travel was always accompanied by specialists who
helped in collecting data about the place and people. The East India Company
required him to collect data so that decisions about where to invest and how to
make a profit out of these places could be made.

- The company looked for natural resources it could control and exploit and
Buchanan observed stones, rocks, different strata, and layers of soil. He
searched for minerals that were commercially valuable. All the data Buchanan

collected about natural resources helped the East India Company make profits.

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- When Buchanan wrote about a landscape he explained extensively how it
could be transformed and made more productive like what crops could be
cultivated, which trees to cut down, and which ones should be grown. All such
information that the East India Company sought in order to make profits
Buchanan with his observation and data collection was able to provide.

-any other relevant point

Q.27 'The sepoys were the makers of their own rebellion.' 3

Give three examples in support of the above statement.

ANSWER:

i. Charles Ball noted that panchayats were a nightly occurrence in the
Kanpur sepoy lines. Where Sepoy regularly planned and decided the
actions that needed to be taken collectively for the rebellion to be
successful.
ii. To fight the British, leadership and organisation were required so the
rebels turned to those who had been leaders before the British conquest.
Like the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar which shows it was the
rebels who were planning the rebellion and worked to make it
successful.
iii. After the 7th Awadh Irregular Cavalry had refused to accept the new
cartridges in, they wrote to the 48th Native Infantry that “they had
acted for the faith and awaited the 48th’s orders”. Sepoys or their
emissaries moved from one station to another and it establishes that
there was communication between the sepoy lines of various
cantonments which helped them to attack the British systematically.

(Award 1 mark each to above or any other relevant point)

OR

'The national movement in the twentieth century drew its inspiration from the
events of 1857.'

Write the three learnings that the leaders of the 20th century freedom
movement received from the events of 1857.

ANSWER:
i. to fight the British complete cooperation between Hindus and Muslims
was necessary
ii. participation was required from different groups of the society like the
poor, peasants, and zamindars all of whom were involved in attacking
the British rule
iii. the revolt failed to spread to all areas which eventually helped the

British to repress the rebellion.

(Award 1 mark each to above or any other relevant point)

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SECTION C (8x3=24)
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.28 Elaborate through examples on how inequality and human suffering were facts 8
of life in the Mahabharat era.

ANSWER:

1) Members of the same gotra could not marry.

2) Women had no claims to the resources of their father's household post-
marriage.

3) The parental property was divided amongst sons after the death of parents
with a special share for the eldest.

4) Women were expected to take up the gotra of their husbands upon marriage
and gave up their father’s gotra.

5) Social differences between men and women were increased because of the
differences in access to resources. So women compared to men had a lower
status in society.

6) In places that followed the Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras status was
supposedly determined by birth which ensured that Shudras and Dalits could
never improve their social status in society.

7) The kingdoms that followed Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras also
contained rules about the ideal “occupations” of the four categories or varnas.
Hence people were not allowed to take up any occupation according to their
ability and interest.

8) The Kingdoms that followed Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras considered
some social categories as “untouchable”. Those who were untouchables were
made to do activities that were polluting like handling corpses and dead
animals. they were also made to live outside the village, use discarded utensils,
and wear clothes of the dead and ornaments of iron.

(Award 1 mark each to the above or any other relevant points)

OR

List the non-Kshatriya Kings and write about their policies that challenged the
Brahmanical ideas of society.

ANSWER:

1) Brahmanical texts prescribed exogamy, but the Satavahanas practiced

endogamy.

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2) The Satavahana kings worked towards destroying Kshatriya’s pride within
their kingdom.

3) The immediate successors of the Mauryas were Shungas and Kanvas who
were Brahmans.

4) The Shaka and Kushan rulers were known to be Mlechchas but were aware
of Sanskrit traditions.

5) The Shaka and Kushan rulers who came from Central Asia were supposed
to be belonging to the Mlechchas caste group.

6) The Satavahana entered into marriage alliances with people who were
considered Mlechchas or untouchables as per Brahmanical order.

7) The Satavahana King Gotami-puta Siri-Satakani claimed to be of Brahmin
background although as per Brahmanical order only a Kshatriya was allowed
to be king.

(to be answered as a whole)

Q.29 Discuss the various aspects of overseas trade that occurred between the 16th 8
and 18th centuries in India and its impact on the economy.

ANSWER:

i. In some areas trade involved an exchange of commodities through
barter.
ii. Food crops and commercial crops like cotton, and sugarcane were also
traded for money.
iii. The Mughals had trading relations with the Ming (China), Safavid
(Iran), and Ottoman (Turkey).
iv. An expanding trade brought huge amounts of silver bullion into India
which was paid for goods procured from India.
v. In this period there was an unprecedented expansion of the minting of
coins and the circulation of money in the economy.
vi. The period was also marked by remarkable stability in the availability
of metal currency, particularly the silver rupya in India.
vii. The Mughals were able to extract taxes and revenue in cash as people
were paid silver when they were trading internationally.
viii. Lohanis in Punjab were engaged in overland trade, between India and
Afghanistan, and in the town-country trade in Punjab itself.

(Award 1 mark each to above or any other relevant points)

OR

Explain the caste and gender-based inequalities that existed in India during the
16th -18th century AD.

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ANSWER:

i. Despite the abundance of cultivable land, certain caste groups were
assigned menial tasks and thus relegated to poverty.
ii. In Muslim communities, menials like the halalkhoran (scavengers)
were housed outside the boundaries of the village.
iii. Mallahzadas (literally, sons of boatmen) in Bihar were comparable to
slaves.
iv. In mixed-caste villages, the panchayat was usually a heterogeneous
body. An oligarchy, the panchayat represented various castes and
communities in the village, though the village menial-cum-agricultural
worker was unlikely to be represented there.
v. Menstruating women, for instance, were not allowed to touch the
plough or the potter’s wheel in western India
vi. Menstruating women were not allowed to enter the groves where betel
leaves (paan) were grown in Bengal.
vii. There were high mortality rates among women – owing to malnutrition,
frequent pregnancies, death during childbirth
viii. Women were kept under strict control by the male members of the
family and the community. They could inflict draconian punishments if
they suspected infidelity on the part of women

(Award 1 mark each to above or any other relevant points)

Q.30 Describe the major events that took place after Quit India movement that 8
ultimately resulted in India's partition.

ANSWER:

i. After the British suppressed the Quit India movement, many Congress
leaders were arrested.
ii. Muslim League worked consistently during the 1940s at expanding its
influence in areas of Punjab and Sind.
iii. Early in 1946 fresh provincial legislatures elections Congress swept the
“General” category, but in the seats specifically reserved for Muslims,
the League won an overwhelming majority.
iv. A Cabinet Mission sent in the summer of 1946 failed to get the
Congress and the League to agree on a federal system that would keep
India together while allowing the provinces a degree of autonomy.
v. After the talks broke down, Jinnah called for a “Direct Action Day” to
press the League’s demand for Pakistan.
vi. On 16th August 1946 communal riots broke out in Calcutta which later
spread to rural Bengal, Bihar, then across the country to the United
Provinces and Punjab.
vii. In February 1947, Wavell was replaced as Viceroy by Lord
Mountbatten who called one last round of talks.

viii. The last round of talks called by Lord Mountbatten also proved to be
inconclusive then it was announced that British India would be freed,
but also divided.

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OR

List the various sources Rita may use to make a project about the major events
of the Indian National Movement.

ANSWER:

i. Autobiographies of key leaders of the various Indian National
Movement
ii. Speeches of Gandhi and other key leaders of the various Indian
National Movement
iii. Images - posters about freedom fighters, and national leaders published
in popular mainstream media during the early 1900s.
iv. Photographs that were taken by people of different protests, events, and
meetings during the freedom struggle.
v. Government records maintained by British officials on Indian protest
events and meetings of the Indian national movement leaders.
vi. The writings like private letters of Mahatma Gandhi and his
contemporaries, including both his associates and his political
adversaries.
vii. Books by leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and his contemporaries during
the early 20th century especially before India gained independence.
viii. Search on the internet to find research articles on Indian national
movements.

(Award 1 mark each to the above or any other relevant points)

SECTION D (4x3=12)
SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS

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Q.31 Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. 4

34.1 The poem highlights the treatment meted out to the slaves in ancient
India. Illustrate with one example. (1)

ANS - The slave seems to be scared of the abuses and punishments she may
receive from the high-class women. It shows caste hierarchy and harsh

treatment of the lower castes.

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34.2 Compare the teachings of Brahmanism and Buddhism that the poem
tries to emphasise. (1)

ANS – The Brahmana was shown to have been following the scriptural canon
of morning ablutions to wash off his sins whereas the slave woman spoke
about the Buddhist teaching of abstaining oneself from doing sins.

34.3 The poem finds mention in the Sutta Pitaka which literally means
'Basket of Discourse'. What does it say about the main content of this
canon of Buddhist writings? (2)

ANS – The entire verse is part of a story written in the Sutta Pitaka. It may be
deduced that the Pitaka consists of Buddhist teachings based on stories and
events.

Q.32 Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow. 4

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32.1 Chishti devotionalism was expressed through ziyarat and qawaali.
Identify what Jahanara performed. (1)

ANS – She performed ziyarat by paying a visit to the tomb.

32.2 Explain why Jahanara referred to herself as a 'faqira' at the tomb. (1)

ANS – Humility and asceticism are two important aspects of Sufism. Since
Muinuddin Chishti was referred to as 'Garib Nawaz', Jahanara preferred to
address herself as 'faqir' or one who lives a life of asceticism.

32.3 Illustrate with four examples Jahanara's absolute devotion and
reverence for the 'revered one'. (2)

ANS –

i. not sleeping on a leopard skin
ii. keeping her feet away from the direction of the sanctuary
iii. did not turn her back to the tomb
iv. spending days beneath the trees
v. rubbing the threshold dust on her face
vi. walking barefoot
vii. kissed the ground

(any four to be evaluated)

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Q.33 Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. 4

33.1 What is the idea of separate electorates that Ballabh Pant was
opposed to? (1)

ANS – When people in a region are separated according to religion, caste
or gender and vote for the representative in their electorate.

33.2 Why does Ballabh Pant call separate electorates as 'suicidal to
minorities'? (1)

ANS – Separate electorates could be suicidal for minorities according to Pant
because he believed that minorities will never be able to integrate with the
country.

33.3 Explain the counter arguments in favour of separate electorates as B.
Pocker Bahadur put forward. (2)

ANS – According to Bahadur, separate electorates were the only way for
minorities to claim a place in a country and make a safe space for themselves.

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SECTION E (1X5=5)
Q.34 34.1 On the given political map of India, locate and label the following: 3

(a) Ajanta- a site of rock-cut cave monuments
(b) Lothal- an Indus Valley site
(c) Panipat - battle site between Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi

OR

(d) Thanjavur- a centre of Nayaka power

ANSWER:

34.2 On the same outline map, two places have been marked as A and B which
were under British control in 1857. Identify them and write their correct names
on the lines drawn near them.

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(2)

ANSWERS:

A – SURAT

B - MADRAS

Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
only in lieu of Q.No.34

34.1 Mention any 2 mature Harappan sites that are in present-day Gujarat. (2)

ANS –

- Dholavira
- Lothal
- Nageshwar

(Award 1 mark each to any two of the points)

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34.2 Mention any one important territory under the Mughal empire that is in
present-day Pakistan. (1)

ANS - Lahore
OR
Mention the centre of Nayaka power that has the Brihadishvara temple.

ANS – Thanjavur

34.3 Mention two cities under British Control in 1857 that are on the western
coast. (2)

ANS - Surat and Bombay

(END)

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