NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 3 Nomadic Empires
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Page 1
NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 11th
aglase .co
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 11th
aglase .co
Page 2
Book : Themes in World History Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 5 Social Science History
Class : 11th
Subject : History
Chapter : 5
Chapter Name : Nomadic Empires
Q1 Why was trade so significant to the Mongols?
Answer. Trade was significant to the Mongols because it was the only way to keep them
surviving. The place where the Mongols lived i.e the steppe lands had extreme climatic
conditions which made it difficult to grow food crops. So, the Mongols traded with their
neighbours.
The scant resources of the steppe lands drove Mongols and other Central Asian nomads to
trade and barter with their sedentary neighbours in China. This was mutually beneficial to both
parties : agricultural produce and iron utensils from China were exchanged for horses, furs and
game trapped in the steppe.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Short Answer
Q2 Why did Genghis Khan feel the need to fragment the Mongol tribes into new social and
military groupings?
Answer. Genghis Khan fragmented the Mongol tribes into new social and military groupings to
facilitate the success of his future campaigns. He had a vision to create the largest empire in the
world, one had ever seen.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Short Answer
Page 1 of 4
Class : 11th
Subject : History
Chapter : 5
Chapter Name : Nomadic Empires
Q1 Why was trade so significant to the Mongols?
Answer. Trade was significant to the Mongols because it was the only way to keep them
surviving. The place where the Mongols lived i.e the steppe lands had extreme climatic
conditions which made it difficult to grow food crops. So, the Mongols traded with their
neighbours.
The scant resources of the steppe lands drove Mongols and other Central Asian nomads to
trade and barter with their sedentary neighbours in China. This was mutually beneficial to both
parties : agricultural produce and iron utensils from China were exchanged for horses, furs and
game trapped in the steppe.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Short Answer
Q2 Why did Genghis Khan feel the need to fragment the Mongol tribes into new social and
military groupings?
Answer. Genghis Khan fragmented the Mongol tribes into new social and military groupings to
facilitate the success of his future campaigns. He had a vision to create the largest empire in the
world, one had ever seen.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Short Answer
Page 1 of 4
Page 3
Book : Themes in World History Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 5 Social Science History
Q3 How do later Mongol reflections on the yasa bring out the uneasy relationship they had with
the memory of Genghis Khan.
Answer. Yasa was the code of law that Genghis Khan was supposed to promulgate at the
quriltai of 1206. The yasa concerned the administrative regulations : the organisation of the
hunt, the army and the postal system. By the middle of the thirteenth century the Mongols had
started using the related term yasa in a more general sense to mean 'the legal code of Genghis
Khan.' The yasa in all probability was a compilation of the customary traditions of the Mongol
tribes but in referring to it as Genghis Khan's code of law, the Mongol people also laid claim to a
'lawgiver' like Moses and Solomon, whose authoritative code could be imposed on their
subjects.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Short Answer
Q4 'If history relies upon written records produced by city-based literati, nomadic societies, will
always receive a hostile representation.' Would you agree with this statement? Does it explain
the reason why Persian chronicles produced such inflated figures of casualties resulting from
Mongol campaigns?
Answer. This statement is absolutely true because :
→ The steppe dwellers themselves usually did not produce any literature. So our knowledge of
nomadic societies comes mainly from chronicles, travelogues and documents produced by
city-based litterateurs.
→ These authors often produced extremely ignorant and biased reports of nomadic life. These
individuals came from different backgrounds - Buddhist, Confucian, Christian, Turkish and
Muslim.
→ Although not always familiar with Mongol customs, many of them produced sympathetic
accounts - even eulogies- that challenged and complicated the otherwise hostile, city-based
tirade against the steppe marauders.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Short Answer
Page 2 of 4
Q3 How do later Mongol reflections on the yasa bring out the uneasy relationship they had with
the memory of Genghis Khan.
Answer. Yasa was the code of law that Genghis Khan was supposed to promulgate at the
quriltai of 1206. The yasa concerned the administrative regulations : the organisation of the
hunt, the army and the postal system. By the middle of the thirteenth century the Mongols had
started using the related term yasa in a more general sense to mean 'the legal code of Genghis
Khan.' The yasa in all probability was a compilation of the customary traditions of the Mongol
tribes but in referring to it as Genghis Khan's code of law, the Mongol people also laid claim to a
'lawgiver' like Moses and Solomon, whose authoritative code could be imposed on their
subjects.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Short Answer
Q4 'If history relies upon written records produced by city-based literati, nomadic societies, will
always receive a hostile representation.' Would you agree with this statement? Does it explain
the reason why Persian chronicles produced such inflated figures of casualties resulting from
Mongol campaigns?
Answer. This statement is absolutely true because :
→ The steppe dwellers themselves usually did not produce any literature. So our knowledge of
nomadic societies comes mainly from chronicles, travelogues and documents produced by
city-based litterateurs.
→ These authors often produced extremely ignorant and biased reports of nomadic life. These
individuals came from different backgrounds - Buddhist, Confucian, Christian, Turkish and
Muslim.
→ Although not always familiar with Mongol customs, many of them produced sympathetic
accounts - even eulogies- that challenged and complicated the otherwise hostile, city-based
tirade against the steppe marauders.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Short Answer
Page 2 of 4
Page 4
Book : Themes in World History Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 5 Social Science History
Q5 Keeping the nomadic element of the Mongol and Bedouin societies in mind, how in opinion,
did their respective historical experiences differ? What explanations would you suggest account
for these differences?
Answer. The historical experiences differed in the following ways :
→ The Mongols were the steppe dwellers of the Central Asia. Whereas, Bedouins were the
Arab tribes who moved from dry to green areas (oases) of the desert in search of food and
fodder for camels.
→ In the early decades of the thirteenth century the Mongols were united by Genghis Khan with
a political vision that went far beyond the creation of a confederacy of Mongol tribes. Whereas,
the Bedouins were I by the belief system i.e Islam which was started by Mohammed.
→They imposed yasa (code of conduct) based on their traditions. Whereas, the guiding
principles Bedouins followed the holy Quran.
→ Genghis Khan believed that he had a mandate from God to rule the world. Whereas,
Muhammad said himself to be the messenger (rasul) of God.
→ Genghis Khan United the Mongols to form a powerful army. Whereas, Muhammad integrated
the people to form a political order known as Umma.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Long Answer
Q6 How does the following account enlarge upon the character of the Pax Mongolica created by
the Mongols by the middle of the thirteenth century?
The Franciscan monk, William of Rubruck, was sent by Louis IX of France ………………………
followed by the Muslim clergy and Buddhist and Taoist monks….
Answer. The account reveals that The Franciscan monk named William of Rubruck was sent by
Louis IX of France to the court of Khan Mongke. On reaching Karakoram the capital of Mongke,
in 1254, he met a woman called Paquette from Lorraine (in France), she was a Nestorian
Christian. She was brought here to serve one of the prince's wives. He also met a Parisian
goldsmith named Guillaume Boucher. He also found out that at great court festivals the
Page 3 of 4
Q5 Keeping the nomadic element of the Mongol and Bedouin societies in mind, how in opinion,
did their respective historical experiences differ? What explanations would you suggest account
for these differences?
Answer. The historical experiences differed in the following ways :
→ The Mongols were the steppe dwellers of the Central Asia. Whereas, Bedouins were the
Arab tribes who moved from dry to green areas (oases) of the desert in search of food and
fodder for camels.
→ In the early decades of the thirteenth century the Mongols were united by Genghis Khan with
a political vision that went far beyond the creation of a confederacy of Mongol tribes. Whereas,
the Bedouins were I by the belief system i.e Islam which was started by Mohammed.
→They imposed yasa (code of conduct) based on their traditions. Whereas, the guiding
principles Bedouins followed the holy Quran.
→ Genghis Khan believed that he had a mandate from God to rule the world. Whereas,
Muhammad said himself to be the messenger (rasul) of God.
→ Genghis Khan United the Mongols to form a powerful army. Whereas, Muhammad integrated
the people to form a political order known as Umma.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Long Answer
Q6 How does the following account enlarge upon the character of the Pax Mongolica created by
the Mongols by the middle of the thirteenth century?
The Franciscan monk, William of Rubruck, was sent by Louis IX of France ………………………
followed by the Muslim clergy and Buddhist and Taoist monks….
Answer. The account reveals that The Franciscan monk named William of Rubruck was sent by
Louis IX of France to the court of Khan Mongke. On reaching Karakoram the capital of Mongke,
in 1254, he met a woman called Paquette from Lorraine (in France), she was a Nestorian
Christian. She was brought here to serve one of the prince's wives. He also met a Parisian
goldsmith named Guillaume Boucher. He also found out that at great court festivals the
Page 3 of 4
Page 5
Book : Themes in World History Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 5 Social Science History
Nestorian priests were admitted first,with their regalia, followed by the Muslim clergy and
Buddhist and Taoist monks.
Thus , the account tries to highlight the relationship that was created by the middle of the
thirteenth century in the peace ushered in by Mongol conquest (Pax Mongolica) trade
connections matured.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Long Answer
Page 4 of 4
Nestorian priests were admitted first,with their regalia, followed by the Muslim clergy and
Buddhist and Taoist monks.
Thus , the account tries to highlight the relationship that was created by the middle of the
thirteenth century in the peace ushered in by Mongol conquest (Pax Mongolica) trade
connections matured.
Page : 122 , Block Name : Long Answer
Page 4 of 4
Document Details
| Board / Org | NCERT |
| Exam | Class 11 |
| Type | Solution |
| Pages | 5 |
| Updated | 22 Jul 2026 |