Class 7 Science Notes for Reproduction in Plants
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Page 1
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CLASS 7
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Page 2
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
Reproduction:
The process of producing offspring by the parent is called reproduction.
It is a biological process.
The offspring produced can and cannot be the exact copy of the parent.
Mode of Reproduction:
There are two modes of reproduction, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction
Reproduction that occurs without the involvement of male and female gamete is called
asexual reproduction.
Seed is not produced in this mode of reproduction.
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 48
Reproduction:
The process of producing offspring by the parent is called reproduction.
It is a biological process.
The offspring produced can and cannot be the exact copy of the parent.
Mode of Reproduction:
There are two modes of reproduction, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction
Reproduction that occurs without the involvement of male and female gamete is called
asexual reproduction.
Seed is not produced in this mode of reproduction.
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 48
Page 3
Different Types of the Asexual Reproductions are:
Vegetative Propagation
Reproduction that occurs through vegetative part of the plant i.e., leaves, stems and roots
is called vegetation propagation.
Examples of organism produced by vegetative propagation are:
A. Onion, garlic and tulip are produced by the stems.
B. Sweet Potato and Dahlia are produced by the roots.
C. Bryophyllum is produced by leaves.
Budding
Bud is the small bulb-like structure bulging from the yeast cell.
Bud when it gets detached it develops into a new organism and this process of producing
new organism from the bud when it gets detached is called budding.
Examples of organisms produced by budding are yeast and hydra.
Fragmentation
The process by which organisms get divided into a number of fragments and each
fragment develops into a new individual is called fragmentation.
Fragmentation in spirogyra is an example of this type.
Spore Formation
The process by which organisms get divided into a number of spores and each spore
develops into a new individual under favorable conditions is called spore formation.
Spore formation in fungi, fern and bacteria are some examples of this type.
Sexual Reproduction
Reproduction that occurs with the involvement of male and female gametes is called
sexual reproduction.
Male gamete produced by pollen grains and female gamete produced by ovary of the
pistil fuses to form a zygote.
Stigma, style and ovary together forms pistil.
Seed is produced in this mode of reproduction.
This reproduction occurs through the reproductive part of the plant i.e., flower.
The flower has both male reproductive parts called stamens and female reproductive part
called pistil.
Flowers that has either pistil or stamens is called unisexual flowers and flowers that has
both pistil and stamens is called bisexual flowers.
Pollination
When pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination.
When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self-
pollination.
When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower it is called cross-
pollination
Fertilization
After pollination occurs fertilization, where male and female gamete fuses to form zygote
and later zygote develops into embryo.
After fertilization, fruits are developed by ovary and seeds are developed by ovules.
Seed Dispersal
The movement of seeds by water, wind and animals is called seed dispersal.
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 49
Vegetative Propagation
Reproduction that occurs through vegetative part of the plant i.e., leaves, stems and roots
is called vegetation propagation.
Examples of organism produced by vegetative propagation are:
A. Onion, garlic and tulip are produced by the stems.
B. Sweet Potato and Dahlia are produced by the roots.
C. Bryophyllum is produced by leaves.
Budding
Bud is the small bulb-like structure bulging from the yeast cell.
Bud when it gets detached it develops into a new organism and this process of producing
new organism from the bud when it gets detached is called budding.
Examples of organisms produced by budding are yeast and hydra.
Fragmentation
The process by which organisms get divided into a number of fragments and each
fragment develops into a new individual is called fragmentation.
Fragmentation in spirogyra is an example of this type.
Spore Formation
The process by which organisms get divided into a number of spores and each spore
develops into a new individual under favorable conditions is called spore formation.
Spore formation in fungi, fern and bacteria are some examples of this type.
Sexual Reproduction
Reproduction that occurs with the involvement of male and female gametes is called
sexual reproduction.
Male gamete produced by pollen grains and female gamete produced by ovary of the
pistil fuses to form a zygote.
Stigma, style and ovary together forms pistil.
Seed is produced in this mode of reproduction.
This reproduction occurs through the reproductive part of the plant i.e., flower.
The flower has both male reproductive parts called stamens and female reproductive part
called pistil.
Flowers that has either pistil or stamens is called unisexual flowers and flowers that has
both pistil and stamens is called bisexual flowers.
Pollination
When pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination.
When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self-
pollination.
When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower it is called cross-
pollination
Fertilization
After pollination occurs fertilization, where male and female gamete fuses to form zygote
and later zygote develops into embryo.
After fertilization, fruits are developed by ovary and seeds are developed by ovules.
Seed Dispersal
The movement of seeds by water, wind and animals is called seed dispersal.
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 49
Page 4
Examples of the seeds dispersed by animals are xanthium and urena.
Examples of seed dispersed when the fruit burst with sudden jerk are castor and balsam.
Seed dispersal is important because it reduces overcrowding of seeds of plants and hence
each plant gets an adequate amount of water and sunlight.
Fission
Fission is a kind of asexual reproduction that happens in unicellular organisms like the amoeba.
Here the single cell that is the parent will divide into two or more daughter cells. In binary
fission, the single-cell will be divided into two daughter cells. In multiple fissions, the single
parent cell will divide into many daughter cells.
Fragmentation
This is a kind of asexual reproduction called cloning, where the organism gets split into various
fragments. Then each of the fragments will develop into a fully grown and mature individual,
which are the clones of the original organism.
Budding
Budding is a kind of asexual reproduction where a new organism will develop from an
outgrowth or a bud because of cell division at one particular parent organism site. This then
eventually breaks away from the parent cell.
Spore Formation
Spore formation is the term that is used for reproduction through spores. The spores are
microscopic and are a reproductive body. When the spores are released into the area surrounding
it, this develops into plants under the conditions if they are favourable. Examples include fungi.
Vegetative Propagation is also a kind of asexual reproduction where the new plant gets produced
from stems, roots, buds, and leaves.
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Plants also have sexual reproduction. This occurs where there is a fusion of the gametes. This
eventually gives seeds, which then develop into a new plant. The flowers are a part of the plant
which goes through sexual reproduction. The male gametes are the pollen grains that get
produced by the anthers. The female gametes are the ovule that gets produced by the pistils.
When there is pollination, the male and the female gamete meet. These get fused by the process
of fertilization, and then this gives birth to a new plant by the formation of fruit and seeds.
Pollination
Pollination is the process of transferring the pollen grain from the male flower parts from the
anthers to the stigma that is the female part of the plant.
Types of Pollination
Pollination is of two kinds. When the pollen lands on the same flower stigma, then this is known
as self-pollination. When the pollen lands on another flower's stigma, then this is cross-
pollination.
SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called_____________.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called______.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of
the same kind is known as _____________.
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 50
Examples of seed dispersed when the fruit burst with sudden jerk are castor and balsam.
Seed dispersal is important because it reduces overcrowding of seeds of plants and hence
each plant gets an adequate amount of water and sunlight.
Fission
Fission is a kind of asexual reproduction that happens in unicellular organisms like the amoeba.
Here the single cell that is the parent will divide into two or more daughter cells. In binary
fission, the single-cell will be divided into two daughter cells. In multiple fissions, the single
parent cell will divide into many daughter cells.
Fragmentation
This is a kind of asexual reproduction called cloning, where the organism gets split into various
fragments. Then each of the fragments will develop into a fully grown and mature individual,
which are the clones of the original organism.
Budding
Budding is a kind of asexual reproduction where a new organism will develop from an
outgrowth or a bud because of cell division at one particular parent organism site. This then
eventually breaks away from the parent cell.
Spore Formation
Spore formation is the term that is used for reproduction through spores. The spores are
microscopic and are a reproductive body. When the spores are released into the area surrounding
it, this develops into plants under the conditions if they are favourable. Examples include fungi.
Vegetative Propagation is also a kind of asexual reproduction where the new plant gets produced
from stems, roots, buds, and leaves.
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Plants also have sexual reproduction. This occurs where there is a fusion of the gametes. This
eventually gives seeds, which then develop into a new plant. The flowers are a part of the plant
which goes through sexual reproduction. The male gametes are the pollen grains that get
produced by the anthers. The female gametes are the ovule that gets produced by the pistils.
When there is pollination, the male and the female gamete meet. These get fused by the process
of fertilization, and then this gives birth to a new plant by the formation of fruit and seeds.
Pollination
Pollination is the process of transferring the pollen grain from the male flower parts from the
anthers to the stigma that is the female part of the plant.
Types of Pollination
Pollination is of two kinds. When the pollen lands on the same flower stigma, then this is known
as self-pollination. When the pollen lands on another flower's stigma, then this is cross-
pollination.
SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called_____________.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called______.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of
the same kind is known as _____________.
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 50
Page 5
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as _____________.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _____________, _____________ and ____________.
Solution:
(a) vegetative propagation (b) unisexual flower (c) Pollination (d) fertilisation
(e) wind, water and animals.
2. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Solution: Different methods of asexual reproduction are as follows:
Vegetative Propagation
In this asexual reproduction, new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and buds of the
individual plant.
Examples – Tuber of potato, the rhizome of ginger.
Budding
The bud is a small projection which gradually grows and gets detached from the parent cell and
forms a new yeast cell. The new yeast cell grows, matures and produces more yeast cells.
Example – Yeast.
Fragmentation
In this mode of reproduction, the growth and multiplication are done by rapidly breaking down
into two or more fragments. Each fragment grows into new individuals when water and nutrients
are available.
Example – Algae
Spore Formation
This reproduction is done by spores which, under favourable conditions, germinate and develop
into a new individual.
Examples – Fungi like Rhizopus, Mucor, etc.
Fission
It is a type of asexual reproduction where the unicellular organism splits to form new organisms.
There are two types of fission which are,
Binary fission and Multiple fission
Examples
Unicellular organisms that undergo binary fission are amoeba, paramecium, leishmania, etc.
Plasmodium undergoes the process of multiple fission.
3. Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.
Solution: Sexual reproduction is a method where male and female gametes fuse to form a new
individual. In plants, stamens and pistils are male and female reproductive organs which bear the
anthers and ovary, respectively.
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 51
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _____________, _____________ and ____________.
Solution:
(a) vegetative propagation (b) unisexual flower (c) Pollination (d) fertilisation
(e) wind, water and animals.
2. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Solution: Different methods of asexual reproduction are as follows:
Vegetative Propagation
In this asexual reproduction, new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and buds of the
individual plant.
Examples – Tuber of potato, the rhizome of ginger.
Budding
The bud is a small projection which gradually grows and gets detached from the parent cell and
forms a new yeast cell. The new yeast cell grows, matures and produces more yeast cells.
Example – Yeast.
Fragmentation
In this mode of reproduction, the growth and multiplication are done by rapidly breaking down
into two or more fragments. Each fragment grows into new individuals when water and nutrients
are available.
Example – Algae
Spore Formation
This reproduction is done by spores which, under favourable conditions, germinate and develop
into a new individual.
Examples – Fungi like Rhizopus, Mucor, etc.
Fission
It is a type of asexual reproduction where the unicellular organism splits to form new organisms.
There are two types of fission which are,
Binary fission and Multiple fission
Examples
Unicellular organisms that undergo binary fission are amoeba, paramecium, leishmania, etc.
Plasmodium undergoes the process of multiple fission.
3. Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.
Solution: Sexual reproduction is a method where male and female gametes fuse to form a new
individual. In plants, stamens and pistils are male and female reproductive organs which bear the
anthers and ovary, respectively.
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 51
Page 6
4. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Solution:
Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
It requires only one parent Requires a male and female parent
Daughter cells formed are identical Newly formed offsprings show variations in
to parents and to each other. comparison to the parents.
Special reproductive organs are not Special reproductive organs are required
required
Ex: Yeast, rose, jasmine Ex: Insects, animals
5. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Solution:
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 52
Solution:
Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
It requires only one parent Requires a male and female parent
Daughter cells formed are identical Newly formed offsprings show variations in
to parents and to each other. comparison to the parents.
Special reproductive organs are not Special reproductive organs are required
required
Ex: Yeast, rose, jasmine Ex: Insects, animals
5. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Solution:
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 52
Page 7
6. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Solution:
Self-pollination Cross-pollination
In self-pollination, pollen grains are In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred
transferred from the anther to the stigma from the anther of one flower to the stigma of
of the same flower. another flower of the same kind.
Self-pollination occurs only in bisexual It occurs in both unisexual and bisexual flowers
flowers
7. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?
Solution: The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called
fertilisation. The zygote develops into an embryo, and the embryo undergoes mitotic cell
division to form seeds.
8. Match items in Column I with those in Column II: Column I Column II
Column-I Column-II
(a) Bud (i) Maple
(b) Eyes (ii) Spirogyra
(c) Fragmentation (iii) Yeast
(d) Wings (iv) Bread mould
(e) Spores (v) Potato
(vi) Rose
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 53
Solution:
Self-pollination Cross-pollination
In self-pollination, pollen grains are In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred
transferred from the anther to the stigma from the anther of one flower to the stigma of
of the same flower. another flower of the same kind.
Self-pollination occurs only in bisexual It occurs in both unisexual and bisexual flowers
flowers
7. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?
Solution: The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called
fertilisation. The zygote develops into an embryo, and the embryo undergoes mitotic cell
division to form seeds.
8. Match items in Column I with those in Column II: Column I Column II
Column-I Column-II
(a) Bud (i) Maple
(b) Eyes (ii) Spirogyra
(c) Fragmentation (iii) Yeast
(d) Wings (iv) Bread mould
(e) Spores (v) Potato
(vi) Rose
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 53
Page 8
Solution:
Column-I Column-II
(a) Bud (iii) Yeast
(b) Eyes (v) Potato
(c) Fragmentation (ii) Spirogyra
(d) Wings (i) Maple
(e) Spores (iv) Bread mould
10. Tick the correct answer:
(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the
(i) leaf (ii) stem (iii) root (iv) flower
(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called
(i) fertilisation (ii) pollination (iii) reproduction (iv) seed formation
(c) Mature ovary forms the
(i) seed (ii) stamen (iii) pistil (iv) fruit
(d) A spore-producing organism is
(i) rose (ii) bread mould (iii) potato (iv) ginger
(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its
(i) stem (ii) leaves (iii) roots (iv) flower
Solution:
a) (iv) flower b) (i) fertilization c) (iv) fruit d) (ii) bread mould e) (ii) leaves
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 54
Column-I Column-II
(a) Bud (iii) Yeast
(b) Eyes (v) Potato
(c) Fragmentation (ii) Spirogyra
(d) Wings (i) Maple
(e) Spores (iv) Bread mould
10. Tick the correct answer:
(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the
(i) leaf (ii) stem (iii) root (iv) flower
(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called
(i) fertilisation (ii) pollination (iii) reproduction (iv) seed formation
(c) Mature ovary forms the
(i) seed (ii) stamen (iii) pistil (iv) fruit
(d) A spore-producing organism is
(i) rose (ii) bread mould (iii) potato (iv) ginger
(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its
(i) stem (ii) leaves (iii) roots (iv) flower
Solution:
a) (iv) flower b) (i) fertilization c) (iv) fruit d) (ii) bread mould e) (ii) leaves
KVS ZIET CHD Class VII-Science 2023-24 Page 54
Page 9
Study Materials
Notes
Model Papers Class 6 Notes
Sample Papers Class 7 Notes
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Class 9 Notes
Important Resources
Class 10 Notes
Periodic Table
Class 11 Notes
Writing Skills / Formats
Maps of India / World Class 12 Notes
Books and Solutions
NCERT Books
NCERT Book Solutions
HC Verma Chapter Wise Solutions
RD Sharma Solutions
CGBSE Solutions
Notes
Model Papers Class 6 Notes
Sample Papers Class 7 Notes
Half Yearly Sample Papers Class 8 Notes
Class 9 Notes
Important Resources
Class 10 Notes
Periodic Table
Class 11 Notes
Writing Skills / Formats
Maps of India / World Class 12 Notes
Books and Solutions
NCERT Books
NCERT Book Solutions
HC Verma Chapter Wise Solutions
RD Sharma Solutions
CGBSE Solutions
Document Details
| Board / Org | Aglasem |
| Exam | Class 7 |
| Type | Notes |
| Pages | 7 |
| Language | english |
| Updated | 30 Apr 2026 |