WBCHSE Class 12 Syllabus for Geography

GEOGRAPHY (GEGR)
Class - XII
Full Marks: 100

A. Physical Geography 35 Marks B. Economic Geography 35 Marks
A. Physical Geography
1. (a) Geomorphic Processes – Exogenous Processes and associated landforms
2 periods
• Gradation
• Degradation
• Aggradations very short Chart No. - 1
• Weathering
• Agents of Gradation

(b) Work of Ground water and associated landforms
Definition of Ground water
Water table,
Acquifers, Springs, Process of erosion by groundwater solution, corrosion, Karst Topography
– Sink holes, dolines, caves, caveras, Karst lakes, depositional features: stalactites,
stalagmites, cavepillars, dripstones their formation Diagrams and Examples from India,
Australia & Yugoslavia

(c) Marine Processes and associated landforms :
Erosional Process of sea wave – abrasion, attrition, solution and hydraulic action; coastline
and shoreline, erosional features; sea-cliffs, sea caves, stacks and depositional land forms.
e.g. bays, bars and lagoons. Coral reefs : types – fringing, barrier and atolls; submerged and
emergent coastlines.
Diagrams and Example from India, Australia and West Europe. (Wherever relevant)
[Note : Only diagram based questions will be asked]

2. Cycle of Erosion: Mechanism & Processes.
a) Normal cycle
b) Arid cycle
c) Interruption of Fluvial cycle
Rejuvenation and resultant landforms

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3. Drainage Pattern:
Classification and characteristics
Relation with underlying structure

4. Soil
Introduction & Definition
Genesis of soil
Factors of soil formation
Soil forming process: Fundamental & specific with special reference to fundamental
(Weathering, Illuviation, Elluviation, Humification)
Soil profile
Properties of soil
Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition
Soil classification (U.S.D.A. classification)
(By chart)
Soil Degradation & Conservation

5. Atmosphere

A. Atmospheric disturbances
Cyclone – mechanism of cyclone
Cyclone of tropical zones
Cyclone of temperate zones
Anticyclones – their types and associated weather
World Map showing major paths of cyclone
Modern concepts of weather circulation, Jet Stream, EI Nino, La Nina
Concepts to be introduced with reference to India

B. Climate Change
Climatic classification (Equatorial Monsoon, Mediterranean, climatic regions of the world)
Climate & Vegetation
Influence of climate on Natural vegetation
Classification of plants (According E. Warming)

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Climate Change
Causes of climatic change
Role of Human Being on World climatic change
Ozone Depletion
Green House Effect
Global Warming
Evidence of climatic change

6. Biodiversity
Definition
Types of Biodiversity
Loss of Biodiversity
Importance of Biodiversity
Significance of conservation of Biodiversity
Biodiversity & Man
Strategies of conservation of Biodiversity

7. Man Environment Interaction
A. Natural Hazard & Disasters
Definition and difference
Classification of Natural Disaster
Measures of Disaster
Pre Disaster
Post Disaster
Mitigation Strategies

B. Economic Geography

1. Economic Activities
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
e) Quinary

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a) Primary Activity: Agriculture
i) Types of agriculture
Wet and dry
Crop Rotation and Crop Combination
Intensity of cropping
Modern inputs in agriculture
Technological Shifting – from subsistence to commercial agriculture
Green Revolution, White Revolution & Blue Revolution
ii) Food Grains : Rice (China / India)
Wheat (leading two countries)
Pulses & Millets (India)
iii) Commercial & Industrial Crops
Coffee – (South India)
Tea – (Sri Lanka)
Cotton – (Egypt, Pakistan)
Sugarcane –
Jute - (Bangladesh)
Oil Seed – (India Ground Nut & Soya bean)
Coconut – (Sri Lanka)

Importance of Market Gardening and Orchard Farming
Reasons and trends in development in recent year
Special Emphasize on Mediterranean countries
Special Ref. of India regarding market gardening

b) Secondary Activities:
Industry
Factors of Growth of Industrial Location (Theories of Industrial Location)
Major and minor industrial regions of the World
Types of industries –
A) Agro based –
i) Food Processing Industry (Developed countries) In comparison to India
ii) Cotton Textile (U.S.A., India)
iii) Ready-made Garments (India & World)
iv) New Trend in Jute Industry (Bangladesh, India)

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B) Forest Based
Paper Industry (Canada, India)
Rubber Industry (Malaysia, Brazil)
C) Mineral Based – Metal – Iron & Steel (China, Japan, India)
Non metal – Petrochemical (U.S.A., India)
D) Engineering and Automobiles (U.S.A., India)

c) Tertiary Activities
Definition
Classification: Trade, Transport, Communication, Services, Tourism.

d) Quaternary Activities
Information Based
R & D (Research & Development) Based

e) Quinary Activities
Specialist
Decision makers
Consultants
Policy formulators

C. Population & Settlement
Density of population
Man – Land Ratio, over population, under population, optimum-population
Present Trend of population growth of World with special reference to India.
Impact of Migration on distribution (worldwide) of population
Determinants of population change: Age-Sex Ratio
Causes of uneven distribution of population
Demographic Transition Model: Present status of India
Settlement: Types: Rural, Urban
Types of Rural Settlement
Factors determining the types of rural settlement
Distribution of rural settlement in India
Classification of Urban settlement based on size and functions
Urbanization in India

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D. Regional Economic Development
Definition of Development
Planning Regions
Hierarchy of Planning Regions
Special Reference to India
a) Chhatishgarh
b) Electronic Industry – Bangalore
c) Growth of Haldia Port

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GEOGRAPHY (GEGR)
Practical Marks: 30

1)
a) Drawing of cross-section to show topographical features (2+1=3 marks)
b) Interpretation of co-relation of different physical and cultural elements. (4 marks)
c) Any question related to topographical maps (1mark)

2)
a) Calculation and drawing graticules of any one of the two projections (2+3=5 marks)
b) Any conceptual question from the given map projections (1 mark)

3)
a) Any Question related to statistical portion (1 mark)
b) Graphical representation of data through histogram / frequency polygon / Ogive
Tabulation ................................... 2 marks
Diagrammatic Representation ..... 3 marks

OR

b) Measures of Central tendency / Standard Deviation / Coefficient of Variation (5 marks)

4) Project Work (any one ) (5 Marks)

• must be handwritten
• not more than 10 pages of A4 size including diagrams.
5) Laboratory Note Book and Viva voce (3+2=5 marks)

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Chart No. – 1

GEOGRAPHY

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY BIOGEOGRAPHY HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
(Related to Physical Sciences) (Related to Biological Sciences) (Related fo Social Sciences)

Maths & Astronomy Botany Statistics Econometrics
Maths & Astronomical Phyto Geography Quantitativetechniques
Geography in Geography

Geology Zoology Economics
Geomorphology Zoo Geography Economic Geography

Metorology Ecology Political Science
Climatology Human Ecology Political Geography

Hydrology Environmental Science History
Occanography Environmental Geography Historical Geography

Pedology Sociology
Soil Geography Social Geography

Philosophy
Geographicalthoughts

Anthropology
Cultural Geography

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