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NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 9th
aglase .co
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science
Class : 9th
Subject : Science
Chapter : 1
Chapter Name : Matter In Our Surroundings
Q1 Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, lemon water, smell of perfume.
Answer. Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter. Matter can exist in three
physical states—solid, liquid, and gaseous.
Chair and almond are forms of matter in the solid state.
Cold drink is a liquid state of matter.
Air and smell of perfume are gaseous states of matter.
Note: The sense of smell is not matter. However, the smell or odour of a substance is Classi ed as
matter. The smell of any substance (say, perfume) is the gaseous form of that substance which our
olfactory system can detect (even at very low concentrations). Hence, smell of perfume is matter.
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Q2 Give reasons for the following observation:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several metres away, but to get the smell from cold food
you have to go close.
Answer. Solids diffuse at a very slow rate. But, if the temperature of the solid is increased, then the
rate of diffusion of the solid particles into air increases. This is due to an increase in the kinetic
energy of solid particles. Hence, the smell of hot sizzling food reaches us even at a distance, but to
get the smell from cold food we have to go close.
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Q3 A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this
observation show?
Answer. The ability of a diver to cut through water in a swimming pool shows that matter is made
up of particles.
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Q4 What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science
Answer. The characteristics of particles of matter are:
(i) Particles of matter have spaces between them.
(ii) Particles of matter are continuously moving.
(iii) Particles of matter attract each other.
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Q1 The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density. (density = mass/volume). Arrange
the following in order of increasing density – air, exhaust from chimneys, honey, water, chalk,
cotton and iron.
Answer. The given substances in the increasing order of their densities can be represented as: Air <
Exhaust from chimney < Cotton < Water < Honey < Chalk < Iron
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Q2 (a) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.
(b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, uidity, lling a gas container, shape,
kinetic energy and density.
Answer. (a) The differences in the characteristics of states of matter are given in the following
table.
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science
(b) Rigidity can be expressed as the tendency of matter to resist a change in shape. Compressibility
is the ability to be reduced to a lower volume when force is applied. Fluidity is the ability to ow.
By lling a gas container we mean the attainment of shape of the container by gas.
Shape de nes a de nite boundary.
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a particle due to its motion.
Density is mass per unit volume.
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Q3 Give reasons:
(a) A gas lls completely the vessel in which it is kept.
(b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table should be called a solid.
(d) We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a solid block of wood we need a
karate expert.
Answer. (a) There is little attraction between particles of gas. Thus, gas particles move freely in all
directions. Therefore, gas completely lls the vessel in which it is kept.
(b) Particles of gas move randomly in all directions at high speed. As a result, the particles hit each
other and also hit the walls of the container with a force. Therefore, gas exerts pressure on the
walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table has a de nite shape and volume. It is very rigid and cannot be compressed i.e.,
it has the characteristics of a solid. Hence, a wooden table should be called a solid.
(d) Particles of air have large spaces between them. On the other hand, wood has little space
between its particles. Also, it is rigid. For this reason, we can easily move our hands in air, but to
do the same through a solid block of wood, we need a karate expert.
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Q4 . Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that
ice oats on water. Find out why.
Answer. The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density = mass/volume). As the
volume of a substance increases, its density decreases. Though ice is a solid, it has large number of
empty spaces between its particles. These spaces are larger as compared to the spaces present
between the particles of water. Thus, the volume of ice is greater than that of water.
Hence, the density of ice is less than that of water. A substance with lower density than water can
oat on water. Therefore, ice oats on water.
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Q1 Convert the following temperature to celsius scale:
a. 300 K
b. 573 K.
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science
Answer. (a) 300 K = (300 - 273)ºc = 27ºc
(b)573 K = (573 - 273)ºc = 300ºC
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Q2 What is the physical state of water at:
a. 250ºC
b. 100ºC ?
Answer. (a) Water at 250ºC exists in gaseous state.
(b) At 100ºC, water can exist in both liquid and gaseous form. At this temperature, after getting the
heat equal to the latent heat of vaporization, water starts changing from liquid state to gaseous
state.
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Q3 For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state?
Answer. During a change of state, the temperature remains constant. This is because all the heat
supplied to increase the temperature is utilised in changing the state by overcoming the forces of
attraction between the particles. Therefore, this heat does not contribute in increasing the
temperature of the substance.
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Q4 Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.
Answer. By applying pressure and reducing the temperature, atmospheric gases can be lique ed.
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Q1 Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
Answer. When a liquid evaporates, the particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surroundings
to compensate the loss of energy during evaporation. This makes the surroundings cool. In a
desert cooler, the water inside it is made to evaporate. This leads to absorption of energy from the
surroundings, thereby cooling the surroundings. Again, we know that evaporation depends on the
amount of water vapour present in air (humidity). If the amount of water vapour present in air is
less, then evaporation is more. On a hot dry day, the amount of water vapour present in air is less.
Thus, water present inside the desert cooler evaporates more, thereby cooling the surroundings
more. That is why a desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day.
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Q2 How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer?
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science
Answer. There are some pores in an earthen pot through which the liquid inside the pot
evaporates. This evaporation makes the water inside the pot cool. In this way, water kept in an
earthen pot becomes cool during summers.
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Q3 Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
Answer. When we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on our palm, it evaporates. During
evaporation, particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surrounding or the surface of the palm
to compensate for the loss of energy, making the surroundings cool. Hence, our palm feels cold
when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it.
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Q4 Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
Answer. A liquid has a larger surface area in a saucer than in a cup. Thus, it evaporates faster and
cools faster in a saucer than in a cup. For this reason, we are able to sip hot tea or milk faster from
a saucer than a cup.
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Q5 What type of clothes should we wear in summer?
Answer.We should wear cotton clothes in summers. During summers, we sweat more. On the other
hand, cotton is a good absorber of water. Thus, it absorbs sweat from our body and exposes the
liquid to the atmosphere, making evaporation faster. During this evaporation, particles on the
surface of the liquid gain energy from our body surface, making the body cool.
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Q1 Convert the following temperatures to the celsius scale.
(a) 293 K
(b) 470 K.
Answer. (a) 293 K = (293 - 273)°c = 20°c
(b)470 K = (470 - 273)oc = 197°C
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Q2 Convert the following temperatures to the kelvin scale.
(a) 25°C
(b) 373°C.
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science
Answer. Kelvin is an Sl unit of temperature, where OOC = 273.16 K (approximately 273K)
(a) 25° c = (25 + 273) K = 298 K
(b) 373°c = (373 + 273) K = 646K
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Q3 Give reason for the following observations.
(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
(b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away
Answer. (a) Naphthalene undergoes sublimation easily i.e., the change of state of naphthalene
from solid to gas takes place easily. Thus, naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving
any solid.
(b) Gaseous particles possess high speed and large spaces between them. Particles of perfume
diffuse into these gaseous particles at a very fast rate and reach our nostrils. This enables us to
smell the perfume from a distance.
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Q4 Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between the
particles— water, sugar, oxygen.
Answer. Sugar is a solid; the forces of attraction between the particles of sugar are strong. Water is
a liquid; the forces of attraction here are weaker than sugar. Oxygen is a gas; the forces of
attraction are the weakest in gases. Thus, the increasing order of forces of attraction between the
particles of water, sugar and oxygen is Oxygen < Water < Sugar .
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Q5 What is the physical state of water at—
(a) 25°C
(b) 0°C
(c) 100°C ?
Answer. (a) Water at 25°C is present in the liquid state.
(b) At O°c, water can exist as both solid and liquid. At this temperature, after getting the heat
equal to the latent heat of fusion, the solid form of water i.e., ice starts changing into its liquid
form i.e., water.
(c) At 100°c, water can exist as both liquid and gas. At this temperature, after getting the heat
equal to the latent heat of vaporization, water starts changing from its liquid state to its gaseous
state, i.e., water vapours.
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science
Q6 Give two reasons to justify—
(a) water at room temperature is a liquid.
(b) an iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
Answer. (a) At room temperature (25 oc), water is a liquid because it has the following
characteristic of liquid:
(i) At room temperature, water has no shape but has a xed volume that is, it occupies the shape of
the container in which it is kept.
(ii) At room temperature, water ows.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature (25 oc) because:
(i) it has a de nite shape and volume like a solid at room temperature.
(ii) it is rigid as solid at room temperature.
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Q7 Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?
Answer. Ice at 273 K has less energy than water (although both are at the same temperature).
Water possesses the additional latent heat of fusion. Hence, at 273 K, ice is more effective in
cooling than water.
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Q8 What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
Answer. Steam has more energy than boiling water. It possesses the additional latent heat of
vaporization. Therefore, burns produced by steam are more severe than those produced by boiling
water.
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Q9 Name A,B,C,D,E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science
Answer.Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state.
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