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Page 1
NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 9th
aglase .co
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 9th
aglase .co
Page 2
Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
Class : 9th
Subject : SCIENCE
Chapter : 7
Chapter Name : DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS
Q1 Why do we classify organisms?
Answer. There are a wide range of life forms (about 10 million -13 million species) around us.
These life forms have existed and evolved on the Earth over millions of years ago. The huge range
of these life forms makes it very dif cult to study them one by one. Therefore, we look for
similarities among them and Classify them into different Classes to study these different Classes
as a whole. Thus, Classi cation makes our study easier.
Page : 80 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in lifeforms around you?
Answer. Examples of range of variations observed in daily life are:
(i) Variety of living organisms in terms of size ranges from microscopic bacteria to tall trees of 100
metres.
(ii) The colour, shape, and size of snakes are completely different from those of lizards.
(iii) The life span of different organisms is also quite varied. For example, a crow lives for only 15
years, whereas a parrot lives for about 140 years.
Page : 80 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 Which do you think is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms?
(a) the place where they live.?
(b) the kind of cells they are made of. Why?
Answer. The kind of cells that living organisms are made up of is a more basic characteristic for
Classifying organisms, than on the basis of their habitat. This is because on the basis of the kind of
cells, we can Classify all living organisms into eukaryotes and prokaryotes. On the other hand, a
habitat or the place where an organism lives is a very broad characteristic to be used as the basis
for Classifying organisms. For example, animals that live on land include earthworms, mosquitoes,
butter y, rats, elephants, tigers, etc. These animals do not resemble each other except for the fact
that they share a common habitat. Therefore, the nature or kind of a cell is considered to be a
fundamental characteristic for the Classi cation of living organisms.
Page : 82 , Block Name : Questions
Page 1 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Class : 9th
Subject : SCIENCE
Chapter : 7
Chapter Name : DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS
Q1 Why do we classify organisms?
Answer. There are a wide range of life forms (about 10 million -13 million species) around us.
These life forms have existed and evolved on the Earth over millions of years ago. The huge range
of these life forms makes it very dif cult to study them one by one. Therefore, we look for
similarities among them and Classify them into different Classes to study these different Classes
as a whole. Thus, Classi cation makes our study easier.
Page : 80 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in lifeforms around you?
Answer. Examples of range of variations observed in daily life are:
(i) Variety of living organisms in terms of size ranges from microscopic bacteria to tall trees of 100
metres.
(ii) The colour, shape, and size of snakes are completely different from those of lizards.
(iii) The life span of different organisms is also quite varied. For example, a crow lives for only 15
years, whereas a parrot lives for about 140 years.
Page : 80 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 Which do you think is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms?
(a) the place where they live.?
(b) the kind of cells they are made of. Why?
Answer. The kind of cells that living organisms are made up of is a more basic characteristic for
Classifying organisms, than on the basis of their habitat. This is because on the basis of the kind of
cells, we can Classify all living organisms into eukaryotes and prokaryotes. On the other hand, a
habitat or the place where an organism lives is a very broad characteristic to be used as the basis
for Classifying organisms. For example, animals that live on land include earthworms, mosquitoes,
butter y, rats, elephants, tigers, etc. These animals do not resemble each other except for the fact
that they share a common habitat. Therefore, the nature or kind of a cell is considered to be a
fundamental characteristic for the Classi cation of living organisms.
Page : 82 , Block Name : Questions
Page 1 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Page 3
Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
Q2 What is the primary characteristic on which the broad division of organisms is made?
Answer. The primary characteristic on which the rst division of organisms is made is the nature
of the cell. It is considered to be the fundamental characteristic for Classifying all living
organisms. Nature of the cell includes the presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles.
Therefore, on the basis of this fundamental characteristic, we can Classify all living organisms into
two broad categories of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Then, further Classi cation is made on the
basis of cellularity or modes of nutrition.
Page : 82 , Block Name : Questions
Q3 On what bases are plants and animals put into different categories?
Answer. Plants and animals differ in many features such as the absence of chloroplasts, presence
of cell wall, etc. But, locomotion is considered as the characteristic feature that separates animals
from plants. This is because the absence of locomotion in plants gave rise to many structural
changes such as the presence of a cell wall (for protection), the presence of chloroplasts (for
photosynthesis) etc. Hence, locomotion is considered to be the basic characteristic as further
differences arose because of this characteristic feature.
Page : 82 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from the so-called advanced
organisms?
Answer. A primitive organism or lower organism is the one which has a simple body structure and
ancient body design or features that have not changed much over a period of time. An advanced
organism or higher organism has a complex body structure and organization. For example, an
Amoeba is more primitive as compared to a star sh. Amoeba has a simple body structure and
primitive features as compared to a star sh. Hence, an Amoeba is considered more primitive than
a star sh.
Page : 83 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 Will advanced organisms be the same as complex organisms? Why?
Answer. It is not always true that an advanced organism will have a complex body structure. But,
there is a possibility that over the evolutionary time, complexity in body design will increase.
Therefore, at times, advanced organisms can be the same as complex organisms.
Page : 83 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 What is the criterion for classi cation of organisms as belonging to kingdom Monera or
Protista?
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Q2 What is the primary characteristic on which the broad division of organisms is made?
Answer. The primary characteristic on which the rst division of organisms is made is the nature
of the cell. It is considered to be the fundamental characteristic for Classifying all living
organisms. Nature of the cell includes the presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles.
Therefore, on the basis of this fundamental characteristic, we can Classify all living organisms into
two broad categories of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Then, further Classi cation is made on the
basis of cellularity or modes of nutrition.
Page : 82 , Block Name : Questions
Q3 On what bases are plants and animals put into different categories?
Answer. Plants and animals differ in many features such as the absence of chloroplasts, presence
of cell wall, etc. But, locomotion is considered as the characteristic feature that separates animals
from plants. This is because the absence of locomotion in plants gave rise to many structural
changes such as the presence of a cell wall (for protection), the presence of chloroplasts (for
photosynthesis) etc. Hence, locomotion is considered to be the basic characteristic as further
differences arose because of this characteristic feature.
Page : 82 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from the so-called advanced
organisms?
Answer. A primitive organism or lower organism is the one which has a simple body structure and
ancient body design or features that have not changed much over a period of time. An advanced
organism or higher organism has a complex body structure and organization. For example, an
Amoeba is more primitive as compared to a star sh. Amoeba has a simple body structure and
primitive features as compared to a star sh. Hence, an Amoeba is considered more primitive than
a star sh.
Page : 83 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 Will advanced organisms be the same as complex organisms? Why?
Answer. It is not always true that an advanced organism will have a complex body structure. But,
there is a possibility that over the evolutionary time, complexity in body design will increase.
Therefore, at times, advanced organisms can be the same as complex organisms.
Page : 83 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 What is the criterion for classi cation of organisms as belonging to kingdom Monera or
Protista?
Page 2 of 11 Aglasem Schools
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
Answer. The criterion for the Classi cation of organisms belonging to kingdom Monera or Protista
is the presence or absence of a well-de ned nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Kingdom
Monera includes organisms that do not have a well-de ned nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles and these are known as prokaryotes. Kingdom Protista, on the other hand, includes
organisms with a well-de ned nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and these organisms are
called eukaryotes.
Page : 85 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 In which kingdom will you place an organism which is single celled, eukaryotic and
photosynthetic?
Answer. Kingdom Protista includes single celled, eukaryotic, and photosynthetic organisms.
Page : 85 , Block Name : Questions
Q3 In the hierarchy of classi cation, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms
with maximum common characteristics and which will have the largest number of organisms?
Answer.In the hierarchy of Classi cation,a species will have the smallest number of organisms
with a maximum of characteristics in common, whereas the kingdom will have the largest number
of organisms.
Page : 85 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 Which division among plants has the simplest organisms?
Answer. Thallophyta is the division of plants that has the simplest organisms. This group includes
plants, which do not contain a well differentiated plant body. Their body is not differentiated into
roots, stems, ard leaves. They are commonly known as algae.
Page : 88 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 How are pteridophytes different from the phanerogams?
Answer.
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Answer. The criterion for the Classi cation of organisms belonging to kingdom Monera or Protista
is the presence or absence of a well-de ned nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Kingdom
Monera includes organisms that do not have a well-de ned nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles and these are known as prokaryotes. Kingdom Protista, on the other hand, includes
organisms with a well-de ned nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and these organisms are
called eukaryotes.
Page : 85 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 In which kingdom will you place an organism which is single celled, eukaryotic and
photosynthetic?
Answer. Kingdom Protista includes single celled, eukaryotic, and photosynthetic organisms.
Page : 85 , Block Name : Questions
Q3 In the hierarchy of classi cation, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms
with maximum common characteristics and which will have the largest number of organisms?
Answer.In the hierarchy of Classi cation,a species will have the smallest number of organisms
with a maximum of characteristics in common, whereas the kingdom will have the largest number
of organisms.
Page : 85 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 Which division among plants has the simplest organisms?
Answer. Thallophyta is the division of plants that has the simplest organisms. This group includes
plants, which do not contain a well differentiated plant body. Their body is not differentiated into
roots, stems, ard leaves. They are commonly known as algae.
Page : 88 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 How are pteridophytes different from the phanerogams?
Answer.
Page 3 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Page 5
Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
Page : 88 , Block Name : Questions
Q3 How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ from each other?
Answer.
Page : 88 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 How do poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals?
Answer.
Page : 94 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 How do annelid animals differ from arthropods?
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Page : 88 , Block Name : Questions
Q3 How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ from each other?
Answer.
Page : 88 , Block Name : Questions
Q1 How do poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals?
Answer.
Page : 94 , Block Name : Questions
Q2 How do annelid animals differ from arthropods?
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Page 6
Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
Answer.
Page : 94 , Block Name :Questions
Q3 What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles?
Answer.
Page : 94 , Block Name :Questions
Q4 What are the differences between animals belonging to the Aves group and those in the
mammalia group?
Answer.
Page : 94 , Block Name : Questions
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Answer.
Page : 94 , Block Name :Questions
Q3 What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles?
Answer.
Page : 94 , Block Name :Questions
Q4 What are the differences between animals belonging to the Aves group and those in the
mammalia group?
Answer.
Page : 94 , Block Name : Questions
Page 5 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Page 7
Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
Q1 What are the advantages of classifying organisms?
Answer. There are a wide range of life forms (about 10 million-13 million species) around us.
These life forms have existed and evolved on the Earth over millions of years ago. The huge range
of these life forms makes it very dif cult to study them one by one. Therefore, we look for
similarities among them and Classify them into different Classes so that we can study these
different Classes as a whole. This makes our study easier.
Therefore, Classi cation serves the following advantages:
(i) It determines the methods of organising the diversity of life on Earth.
(ii) It helps in understanding millions of life forms in detail.
(iii) It also helps in predicting the line of evolution.
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q2 How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in
classi cation?
Answer. For developing a hierarchy of Classi cation, we choose the fundamental characteristic
among several other characteristics. For example, plants differ from animals in the absence of
locomotion, chloroplasts, cell wall, etc. But, only locomotion is considered as the basic or
fundamental feature that is used to distinguish between plants and animals. This is because the
absence of locomotion in plants gave rise to many structural changes such as the presence of a cell
wall for protection, and the presence of chloroplast for photosynthesis (as they cannot move
around in search of food like animals). Thus, all these features are a result of locomotion.
Therefore, locomotion is considered to be a fundamental characteristic. By choosing the basic or
fundamental characteristic, we can make broad divisions in living organisms as the next level of
characteristic is dependent on these. This goes on to form a hierarchy of characteristics.
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q3 Explain the basis for grouping organisms into ve kingdoms?
Answer. R.H. Whittaker proposed a ve kingdom Classi cation of living organisms on the basis of
Linnaeus' system of Classi cation. The ve kingdoms proposed by Whittaker are Monera, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
The basis for grouping organisms into ve kingdoms is as follows:
(i) On the basis of the presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles, all living organisms are
divided into two broad categories of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This division lead to the
formation of kingdom Monera, which includes all prokaryotes.
(ii) Then, eukaryotes are divided as unicellular and multicellular, on the basis of cellularity.
Unicellular eukaryotes form kingdom Protista, and multicellular eukaryotes form kingdom Fungi,
Plantae, and Animalia.
(iii) Animals are then separated on the basis of the absence of a cell wall.
(iv) Since fungi and plants both contain a cell wall, they are separated into different kingdoms on
Page 6 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Q1 What are the advantages of classifying organisms?
Answer. There are a wide range of life forms (about 10 million-13 million species) around us.
These life forms have existed and evolved on the Earth over millions of years ago. The huge range
of these life forms makes it very dif cult to study them one by one. Therefore, we look for
similarities among them and Classify them into different Classes so that we can study these
different Classes as a whole. This makes our study easier.
Therefore, Classi cation serves the following advantages:
(i) It determines the methods of organising the diversity of life on Earth.
(ii) It helps in understanding millions of life forms in detail.
(iii) It also helps in predicting the line of evolution.
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q2 How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in
classi cation?
Answer. For developing a hierarchy of Classi cation, we choose the fundamental characteristic
among several other characteristics. For example, plants differ from animals in the absence of
locomotion, chloroplasts, cell wall, etc. But, only locomotion is considered as the basic or
fundamental feature that is used to distinguish between plants and animals. This is because the
absence of locomotion in plants gave rise to many structural changes such as the presence of a cell
wall for protection, and the presence of chloroplast for photosynthesis (as they cannot move
around in search of food like animals). Thus, all these features are a result of locomotion.
Therefore, locomotion is considered to be a fundamental characteristic. By choosing the basic or
fundamental characteristic, we can make broad divisions in living organisms as the next level of
characteristic is dependent on these. This goes on to form a hierarchy of characteristics.
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q3 Explain the basis for grouping organisms into ve kingdoms?
Answer. R.H. Whittaker proposed a ve kingdom Classi cation of living organisms on the basis of
Linnaeus' system of Classi cation. The ve kingdoms proposed by Whittaker are Monera, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
The basis for grouping organisms into ve kingdoms is as follows:
(i) On the basis of the presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles, all living organisms are
divided into two broad categories of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This division lead to the
formation of kingdom Monera, which includes all prokaryotes.
(ii) Then, eukaryotes are divided as unicellular and multicellular, on the basis of cellularity.
Unicellular eukaryotes form kingdom Protista, and multicellular eukaryotes form kingdom Fungi,
Plantae, and Animalia.
(iii) Animals are then separated on the basis of the absence of a cell wall.
(iv) Since fungi and plants both contain a cell wall, they are separated into different kingdoms on
Page 6 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Page 8
Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
the basis of their modes of nutrition. Fungi have saprophytic mode of nutrition, whereas plants
have autotrophic mode of nutrition. This results in the formation of the ve kingdoms.
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q4 What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?
Answer. The kingdom Plantae is divided into ve main divisions: Thallophyta, Bryophyta,
Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
The Classi cation depends on the following criteria:
• Differentiated/ Undifferentiated plant body
• Presence [absence of vascular tissues
• With/without seeds
• Naked seeds/ seeds inside fruits
(i) The rst level of Classi cation depends on whether a plant body is well differentiated or not. A
group of plants that do not have a well differentiated plant body are known as Thallophyta.
(ii) Plants that have well differentiated body parts are further divided on the basis of the presence
or absence of vascular tissues. Plants without specialised vascular tissues are included in division.
Bryophyta, whereas plants with vascular tissues are known as Tracheophyta.
(iii) Tracheophyta is again sub-divided into division Pteridophyta, on the basis of the absence of
seed formation.
(iv) The other group of plants having well developed reproductive organs that nally develop seeds
are called Phanerogams. This group is further sub- divided on the basis of whether the seeds are
naked or enclosed in fruits. This Classi es them into gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms are seed bearing, non- owering plants, whereas angiosperms are owering plants
in which the seeds are enclosed inside the fruit.
Page 7 of 11 Aglasem Schools
the basis of their modes of nutrition. Fungi have saprophytic mode of nutrition, whereas plants
have autotrophic mode of nutrition. This results in the formation of the ve kingdoms.
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q4 What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?
Answer. The kingdom Plantae is divided into ve main divisions: Thallophyta, Bryophyta,
Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
The Classi cation depends on the following criteria:
• Differentiated/ Undifferentiated plant body
• Presence [absence of vascular tissues
• With/without seeds
• Naked seeds/ seeds inside fruits
(i) The rst level of Classi cation depends on whether a plant body is well differentiated or not. A
group of plants that do not have a well differentiated plant body are known as Thallophyta.
(ii) Plants that have well differentiated body parts are further divided on the basis of the presence
or absence of vascular tissues. Plants without specialised vascular tissues are included in division.
Bryophyta, whereas plants with vascular tissues are known as Tracheophyta.
(iii) Tracheophyta is again sub-divided into division Pteridophyta, on the basis of the absence of
seed formation.
(iv) The other group of plants having well developed reproductive organs that nally develop seeds
are called Phanerogams. This group is further sub- divided on the basis of whether the seeds are
naked or enclosed in fruits. This Classi es them into gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms are seed bearing, non- owering plants, whereas angiosperms are owering plants
in which the seeds are enclosed inside the fruit.
Page 7 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Page 9
Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q5 How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the
subgroups among animals?
Answer. Criteria for deciding divisions in plants are:
(i) Differentiated/ Undifferentiated plant body
(ii) Presence/ absence of vascular tissues
(iii) With/without seeds
(iv) Naked seeds/ seeds inside fruits
Criteria for deciding subgroups among animals are:
Kingdom Animalia is divided into two major groups on the basis of the presence or absence of a
notochord.
Page 8 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q5 How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the
subgroups among animals?
Answer. Criteria for deciding divisions in plants are:
(i) Differentiated/ Undifferentiated plant body
(ii) Presence/ absence of vascular tissues
(iii) With/without seeds
(iv) Naked seeds/ seeds inside fruits
Criteria for deciding subgroups among animals are:
Kingdom Animalia is divided into two major groups on the basis of the presence or absence of a
notochord.
Page 8 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Page 10
Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
Non-chordates do not possess a notochord, while all members of the phylum hordates possess a
notochord.
Non-chordate is further divided into subgroups on the basis of the following features:
On the basis of the above features, non-chordates are divided into the following subgmups:
Potifera, Coelenterate, Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelids, Molluscs,
Althmpoda, and Echinodermata.
All members of the phylum chordate possess a notochord. However, some animals such as
Balanoglossus, Amphioxus, Herdmania, etc. have a notochord, which is either absent or does not
run the entire length of the animal's body. Therefore, these animals are kept in a separate sub-
Page 9 of 11 Aglasem Schools
Non-chordates do not possess a notochord, while all members of the phylum hordates possess a
notochord.
Non-chordate is further divided into subgroups on the basis of the following features:
On the basis of the above features, non-chordates are divided into the following subgmups:
Potifera, Coelenterate, Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelids, Molluscs,
Althmpoda, and Echinodermata.
All members of the phylum chordate possess a notochord. However, some animals such as
Balanoglossus, Amphioxus, Herdmania, etc. have a notochord, which is either absent or does not
run the entire length of the animal's body. Therefore, these animals are kept in a separate sub-
Page 9 of 11 Aglasem Schools
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
phylum called Protochordata, and the rest of the chordates are included in the sub-phylum
vertebrata. The members of the subphylum vertebrata are advanced chordates. They are divided
into ve Classes: Pisces, Amphibian, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q6 Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classi ed into further subgroups?
Answer. Animals in Vertebrata are classi ed into ve classes.
(i) Class Pisces: This Class includes sh such as Scoliodon, tuna, rohu, shark, etc. These animals
mostly live in water. Hence, they have special adaptive features such as a streamlined body,
presence of a tail for movement, gills, etc. to live in water.
(ii) Class Amphibia: It includes frogs, toads, and salamanders. These animals have a dual mode of
life. In the larval stage, the respiratory organs are gills, but in the adult stage, respiration occurs
through the lungs or skin. They lay eggs in water.
(iii) Class Reptilia: It includes reptiles such as lizards, snakes, turtles, etc. They usually creep or
crawl on land. The body of a reptile is covered with dry and corni ed skin to prevent water loss.
They lay eggs on land.
(iv) Class Aves: It includes all birds such as sparrow, pigeon, crow, etc. Most of them have feathers.
Their forelimbs are modi ed into wings for ight, while hind limbs are modi ed for walking and
clasping. They lay eggs.
(v) Class Mammalia: It includes a variety of animals which have milk producing glands to nourish
their young ones. Some lay eggs and some give birth to young ones. Their skin has hair as well as
sweat glands to regulate their body temperature.
Page 10 of 11 Aglasem Schools
phylum called Protochordata, and the rest of the chordates are included in the sub-phylum
vertebrata. The members of the subphylum vertebrata are advanced chordates. They are divided
into ve Classes: Pisces, Amphibian, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
Q6 Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classi ed into further subgroups?
Answer. Animals in Vertebrata are classi ed into ve classes.
(i) Class Pisces: This Class includes sh such as Scoliodon, tuna, rohu, shark, etc. These animals
mostly live in water. Hence, they have special adaptive features such as a streamlined body,
presence of a tail for movement, gills, etc. to live in water.
(ii) Class Amphibia: It includes frogs, toads, and salamanders. These animals have a dual mode of
life. In the larval stage, the respiratory organs are gills, but in the adult stage, respiration occurs
through the lungs or skin. They lay eggs in water.
(iii) Class Reptilia: It includes reptiles such as lizards, snakes, turtles, etc. They usually creep or
crawl on land. The body of a reptile is covered with dry and corni ed skin to prevent water loss.
They lay eggs on land.
(iv) Class Aves: It includes all birds such as sparrow, pigeon, crow, etc. Most of them have feathers.
Their forelimbs are modi ed into wings for ight, while hind limbs are modi ed for walking and
clasping. They lay eggs.
(v) Class Mammalia: It includes a variety of animals which have milk producing glands to nourish
their young ones. Some lay eggs and some give birth to young ones. Their skin has hair as well as
sweat glands to regulate their body temperature.
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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-7 Science
Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
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Page : 97 , Block Name : Exercises
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Document Details
| Board / Org | NCERT |
| Exam | Class 9 |
| Type | Solution |
| Pages | 12 |
| Updated | 30 Apr 2026 |