Mizoram Board Class 12 Question Paper 2025 Commerce All Subjects

Total number of printed pages – 8 HSS/001

2025
ENGLISH
(CORE)
Full Marks – 80
Time – 3 Hours

General Instructions :
(i) The paper is divided into three sections: A,B & C. All the sections are compulsory.
(ii) Separate instructions are given with each section and question wherever necessary. Read
these instructions very carefully and follow them.
(iii) Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.
(iv) Marks for each question are indicated against it.
SECTION – A : Reading (16 marks)
1. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :
All of Earth's oceans share one thing in common : plastic pollution. Discarded plastic
bags, cups and bottles make their way into the sea. Today, it seems that no part of the ocean is
safe from plastic trash. In recent years, oceanographers have searched in vain for a pristine
marine environment. They have found plastic wherever they have looked. " It is a common
global problem, we cannot point to a single habitat or location with no plastic."
Plastic harms wildlife and introduces dangerous chemicals into marine ecosystems -
communities of organisms interacting with their surroundings. Once plastic enters the
environment, it lasts for a long time. Scientists are working to prevent plastic pollution from
entering the sea.
When people litter, or when trash is not properly disposed of, things like plastic bags,
bottles, straws, foam beverage cups get carried to the sea by winds and waterways. About 80
percent of ocean plastic originates on land. The rest comes from marine industries such as
shipping and fishing.
In 2015, engineer Jenna Jambeck at the University of Georgia and other researchers
calculated that at least 8 million tons of plastic trash is swept into the ocean from coasts
every year. That's the equivalent of a full garbage truck of plastic being dumped into the sea
every minute. If current trends in plastic production and disposal continue, that figure will

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double by 2025. A report published by the World Economic Forum last year predicts that by
2050, ocean plastic will outweigh all the fish in the sea.
In today's world, plastic is everywhere. It's found in shoes, clothing, household items,
electronics and more. There are different types of plastics, but one thing they all have in
common is that they are made of polymers - large molecules made up of repeating units.
Their chemical structure gives them a lot of advantages : they’re cheap, easy to manufacture,
lightweight, water resistant, durable and can be moulded into nearly any shape.
Unfortunately, some of the properties that make plastics great for consumer goods
also make them a problematic pollutant. Plastic's durability comes in part from the fact that
unlike paper or wood, it doesn't biodegrade, or breakdown naturally. Instead it just fragments
or breaks into tiny pieces over time. These tiny pieces, known as microplastics, can potentially
stick around for hundreds or perhaps even thousands of years.
Another problem with plastics is the other chemicals they contain, like dyes and flame
retardants. When plastic is not disposed of properly, these additives end up in the environment.
Plastic also tends to absorb harmful chemicals from its surroundings. "It is like a sponge for
persistent organic pollutants,. These longlasting, toxic substances include pesticides and
industrial chemicals. If plastic absorbs the chemicals, and marine organisms eat the plastic,
they may be exposed to higher concentrations of these contaminants.
One of the biggest impacts of plastic pollution is its effect on sea life. Seals, sea turtles
and even whales can become entangled in plastic netting. They can starve to death if the
plastic restricts their ability to move or eat. Additionally the plastic can cut into the animal
skin, causing wounds that develop severe infections.
Sea turtles eat plastic bags and soda-can rings, which resemble jellyfish - their favourite
food. Seabirds eat bottle caps or chunks of foam cups. Plastic pieces may make an animal
feel full, so it doesn't eat enough real food to get the nutrients it needs. Plastic can also block
an animal’s digestive system, making it unable to eat.
Plastic and its associated pollutants can even make it into our own food supply. Scientists
recently examined fish and shell-fish bought at markets in California and Indonesia. They
found plastic in the guts of more than a quarter of samples purchased at both locations. In
organisms that people eat in whole, such as sardines and oysters, the plastic is actually getting
transferred to us. In larger fish, chemicals from plastics may seep into their muscles and
other tissues that people consume.
1.1. What is the biggest impact of plastic pollution on sea life ? 2

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1.2. Select the appropriate answer from the given options : 5×1=5
(a) Plastic is actually getting transferred to us from –
(i) organisms that we eat in whole.
(ii) eating samples examined by scientists.
(iii) consumption of sardines and oysters.
(iv) consumption of fish bought from the market.
(b) The largest percentage of ocean plastic originates –
(i) from marine industries.
(ii) from industrial waste.
(iii) on land.
(iv) Both (i) and (ii).
(c) Sea turtles eat plastic bags and soda can rings because –
(i) they are the most nutritious food for them
(ii) plastic is their favourite food
(iii) they resemble sea-birds
(iv) they resemble jellyfish
(d) A property of plastic that make them great for consumers but also make
them a problematic pollutant is its –
(i) biodegradability
(ii) durability
(iii) water resistance
(iv) easy manufacturing
(e) One thing that different plastics have in common is –
(i) they are all made of polymers
(ii) they are large molecular units
(iii) their chemical structure
(iv) their weight
1.3. Find words in the passage which convey similar meaning : 3×1=3
(a) unspoiled (para 1)
(b) long lasting (para 7)
(c) exude (para 10)

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2. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow :
Shop till you drop is no longer a problem that only women with money in their purses and
time on their hands suffer from. Excessive and insatiable appetite for goods are causing
problems in all countries which have hitherto promoted consumerism because personal debts
are mounting, creating innumerable difficulties for credit card businesses. Millions are gripped
by an insatiable appetite to spend and visit the frequent sales that keep occurring in New
York, Milan, London or Paris. People can become compulsive buyers of anything from
household gadgets, food, clothes to cars.
Compulsive buying has now been diagnosed as a disease and is the result of the growing
advertising campaigns and competition in which shops and firms undercut each other with
huge price discounts. If shops are closed and it is too late, there is always the possibility of
shopping through the net. The addiction to shopping is spreading all over the world. In UK,
2.5 million people are gripped by the shopping fever.
In America, a shopper's paradise, the number is much more at 15 million. With rising incomes,
millions of Indians could join the league of ‘shopaholics'. It is called 'Oniomania' which is a
compulsive disorder that drives people to buy in a repetitive and uncontrolled manner
regardless of consequences.
Self-help groups are springing up to help compulsive shoppers. Because people affected by
this problem suffer greatly from feelings of isolation, guilt and fear. It can lead to a break
down of relationships under the burden of debt and deceit. Women are more vulnerable than
men to this addiction because they tend to believe that to be valued by society they have to
look good. They are more insecure about their image and while they are shopping, they get a
boost to their self-image from the attention they get from shop assistants. They come back
feeling beautiful and successful. Men too are now joining the ranks of keen shoppers.
The results can be devastating and debts are huge.Compulsive shoppers keep borrowing on
their credit cards. Psychologists are now saying that people have to face compulsive shopping
as a disorder. It is like the eating disorder or work or exercise addiction. Most people with
eating disorders also have shopping/spending problems. To break the habit, various tips are
now being offered and one of the tips is not to look at glossy magazines. Most of these
magazines work on people’s aspirations and make the readers discontented with their lifestyle
and prompt them to buy more. Other tips include taking regular stock of one’s clothes and
accessories and piling them up in heaps to convince oneself that one doesn’t need more.
Another way to discourage shoppers is to make credit less easily available. Advertising that
encourages consumers to borrow and buy instantly are also encouraging shopaholics. Easy
credit to the young is one way of encouraging them to shop without guilt and thus more
careful screening of potential card holders is necessary to ward off future bad debts. But,
unfortunately, these deterrents may not work because like the children of alcoholics and

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drug addicts turn to these substances, children of shoppers also indulge in compulsive
shopping.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it using recognisable
abbreviations wherever necessary. Supply a suitable title. 3
(b) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words. 3

SECTION – B : Writing ( 24 marks)
3. Your parents Mr. and Mrs. Sangvela are going to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of their
marriage on 22nd April, 2025 at 2 p.m. Write a formal invitation to be sent out for this
occasion. Give all necessary details. 4
4. You are Sanga, Sports Secretary of TZ Higher Secondary School, Aizawl. You want to select
the school football team for the Inter School Football Competition. Write a notice in
about 50 words inviting students who are interested in participating in the selection trial
for the said competition. Include details such as date, time and venue. 4
5. (a) You are Lalthlamuani, a student of Class-XII, a resident of H/No 20, Mission Veng,
Aizawl. You are interested in pursuing a course in Journalism. Write a letter to the
Administrative Officer of Indian Institute of Journalism, Delhi in response to their
advertisement in a national daily, seeking information about suitable courses, eligibility,
fee structure and placement opportunities. 10
OR
(b) Games and Sports are not given so much importance as is given to academics. As a
result of this our achievements at the national level are not very spectacular. Write a
letter to the editor of a daily newspaper on the importance of games and sports and on
the need to create awareness about it. You are Liansanga/Liansangi, C-57, Zarkawt, Aizawl.
10
6. (a) Keeping in view the frequent occurrence of earthquakes, floods and torrential rains in
different parts of the country, your school arranged a talk on disaster management. The
speaker explained the precautionary measures to be taken by the public and the
government in case of emergency. As a student reporter Thanmawii/Thanmawia , prepare
a report on the talk in about 120 words to be published in your local newspaper. 6
OR
(b) Due to globalisation of the food industry and fast food culture, traditional healthy diets
are increasingly being replaced by unhealthy junk food containing artificial
additives and preservative chemicals. Write an article in about 120 words on the need
for inculcating healthy dietary habits. 6

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SECTION – C: Literature (40 marks)
7. Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow : 2×1=2 .
I. The hurt to the scenery wouldn’t be my complaint
So much as the trusting sorrow of what is unsaid :
Here far from the city we make our roadside stand
And ask for some city money to feel in hand
To try if it will not make our being expand,
And give us the life of the moving-pictures’ promise
That the party in power is said to be keeping from us.
(a) The people who are running the roadside stand ask for city-money so –
(i) that they may see things differently
(ii) that they can stay warm
(iii) that they may not see clumsy paint
(iv) that they may also prosper
(b) The party in power has not fulfilled –
(i) the promises made to the drivers
(ii) the promises made to them
(iii) the promises made to greedy good-doers
(iv) the promises made to city people.
OR
II. .....and felt that 2×1=2
old
familiar ache, my childhood’s fear,
but all I said was, see you soon,
Amma,
all I did was smile and smile and
smile......
(a) How did the poet hide her pain ?
(i) By giving an elongated smile.
(ii) By covering her face.
(iii) By looking away from her mother.
(iv) By talking to her constantly.

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(b) Why has the poet’s pain of losing her mother been described as ‘familiar’ ?
(i) There had been occasions in her life when she had to leave her mother.
(ii) As a child she often fell down and felt the pain.
(iii) It was not a new feeling as she had experienced it even from her childhood.
(iv) None of the above.
8. Answer the following questions in about 30 words : 3×2=6
(a) How, in your opinion, might a huge silence interrupt the sadness of men ?
(b) In the poem, ‘A Thing of Beauty’, what are the things that cause suffering and pain ?
(c) What is suggested by the image, ‘massive weight of uncle’s wedding band’ ?
9. Answer the following questions in about 30 words : 4×2=8
(a) Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25 % refund to the farmers ?
(b) “On the way down I planned,” remarked Douglas. What plan had he devised to save
himself from drowning in the swimming pool ?
(c) Why is Raj Kumar Shukla described as being ‘resolute’ ?
(d) Do you find society calloused to the plight of Saheb and Mukesh ? What do you suggest
for the upliftment of children like them ?
10. Choose the correct answer from the given options : 2×1=2
(a) What ideas do you form of Umberto’s personality after his interview with Mukand ?
(i) A very rigid person
(ii) A boastful and arrogant person
(iii) An illusionary visioner
(iv) An academic with philosophical and ethical interest
(b) Where do we find an example of national integration in ‘Poets and Pancakes’ ?
(i) Make up department of Gemini studios
(ii) Rehearsal room
(iii) Office of Gemini studio
(iv) None of these
11. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words each :
(a) The author has used a touch of gentle humour in Poets and Pancakes to point out
human foibles. Pick out instances of this and justify how they serve in making the
piece interesting. 6
OR

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(b) Sophie was an incurable day-dreamer and escapist having no relation to the realities of
life. She suffers because she dreams. What are her dreams and what effects do they
have upon her ? 3+3=6
12. Answer the following questions in about 30 words : 3×2=6
(a) What unusual things did Charley find among his oldest first-day covers ?
(b) How is the present day Antarctica different from Gondwana ?
(c) How will the Maharaja prepare himself for the hundredth tiger which was supposed
to decide his fate ?
13. Choose the correct answer from the given options : 4×1=4
(a) “We have to submit because they are strong.” These words were said by –
(i) Judewin (ii) Zitkala-Sa
(iii) Bama (iv) Sophie
(b) The clerk refused to accept Charley’s money at the third level because –
(i) the notes were big (ii) the notes were torn
(iii) the notes were wet (iv) it was a currency of modern times
(c) The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram was anxious to kill the hundredth tiger –
(i) to prove his power
(ii) to prove his hunting skill
(iii) to ensure his safety and prove the astrologer’s prediction wrong
(iv) to ensure the safety of his son
(d) Man has created a ruckus on the earth –
(i) by travelling (ii) by visiting the iceland
(iii) by encroaching the earth (iv) by breaking the ice
14. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words :
(a) What was the scene that first amused Bama but then filled her with anger and revolt ? 6
OR
(b) How would you explain the reluctance of the soldier to leave the shelter of the doctor’s
home even when he knew he couldn’t stay there without risk to the doctor and himself ?
6

____________

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Total number of printed pages – 3 HSS/003

2025
MIZO
Full Marks – 80
Time – 3 Hours

Hriat turte:
(i) Zawhna zawng zawng hi chhan ngei ngei tur a ni.
(ii) Zawhna tin mark put z^t chu a z^wnah tarlan zel a ni.
(iii) Chh^n dawnin zawhna nambar ziah zel tur a ni.

|HEN KHATNA : HLA
1. A k^r awlte hi dah khat rawh : 3×1=3
(a) Zorama l>ng chi tin hnam tin, _______ hraichawi kan ni.
(b) Thlafam _______ tluang lam zawhin.
(c) _______ an ngîr dai ph<ll>ng an mawi.
2. Hausiampain ‘L>n lai di z<n ka ngai vawng vawng’ a tih chhan kha han sawi teh. 2
3. ‘Kan dam chhung ni’ tih hla phuahtu P.S. Chawngthu hian mihring nun hi eng nen nge a
tehkhin ? 2
4. ‘Enchim loh chawi lai’ tih hla phuahtu Ralngama’n a fa a sun avanga a tawrh natzia kha a hla
thu behchhanin han ziak teh. 8
|HEN HNIHNA : THU
5. A dik ber thlang chhuak rawh : 3×1=3
(a) British in Mizoram an awp \an kum chu _______ . (1880/ 1890/ 1870)
(b) _______ hi mihringte mamawh ril ber leh tih theih sang ber a ni. (ngaihdamna/
inngaihtlawmna/ lungawina)
(c) Pathian awm ring lo pawl chuan _______ ringawt hi an ngaihsan ber a ni. (tuar/ nuam/
chhel)

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6. C.H. Thangkhuma’n mi fing leh mi ^ a tihte kha tute nge ? 1+1=2
7. R.L. Thanmawia’n Mizote rilru put hmang eng angin nge a sawi ? 2
8. C. =huamluaia’n thil tham ral thei chiah eng nge tham ral nasa pawl nia a sawi kha sawi la,
hman lai hun leh tun lai hun a thlir dan leh khaikhin dan kha fiah takin han sawi teh. 1+7=8
|HEN THUMNA : LEMCHAN
9. A dik ber thlang chhuak rawh : 3×1=3
(a) Pipu chena nu leh pate inchhuanna kumkhua chu _______ a ni. (fanu sial man neih/ fapa
ramvachal neih/ fanu silai man neih)
(b) Chawnghrima’n Lalhniangi te pemna tur khua a sawi hmawrhmuh chu _______ a ni.
(Sialsuk/ Neihbawi/ Hmuifang)
(c) Tlangval tan nula tumah biak thiang lo awm hek lo tih sawitu chu _______ a ni. (Kanglova/
Thangzawra/ Chawnghrima)
10. Thangzawra’n hmeichhe rinawmna kha engtiangin nge a sawi ? 2
11. Lalhniangi pain an pem chhan a chhuanlam kha eng nge ni ? 2
12. ‘Mikhual a kang e’ tih awmzia kha fiah takin han sawi teh. 4
|HEN LINA : THAWNTHU
13. A dik ber thlang chhuak rawh : 3×1=3
(a) Damate zin bo hlana ram puma harsatna lo thleng chu _____ a ni. (=hingtam \am/
Mautam \am/ Hripui leng)
(b) Mizorama District Council member tur an thlan hmasak ber kum chu _____ a ni.
(1942/ 1962/ 1952)
(c) Z^ngkhua lo bungbu thliai tawhin a entir chu _____. (khua a var dawn/ khua a thim
dawn/ zan a rei tawh)
14. Buanga’n Lusei ram lo ralmuan chhan ber nia a ngaih kha eng nge ni ? 2
15. Dama’n an zin chhung zawnga a rilru tinuam lotu nia Chawngi hnena a sawi kha eng nge ni ? 2
16. Zoram khawvar lo thleng tur chungchanga Dama thuchah hnuhnung kha han sawi teh. 4
|HEN NGANA : GRAMMAR & COMPOSITION
17. A hnuaia rinte hi eng adverb nge an nih ? 2×1=2
(a) In chhuat chu a va fai hen hun ve
(b) Lali thlip thlep hi chu aw!

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18. A hnuaia thute hi \awng upain engtin nge an sawi ? 2×1=2
(a) Thil dila dil tam luat avanga hmu leh lo vek.
(b) Kal kual, a sawt lo zawnga kal kual.
19. A hnuaia \awng upate hi hrilh fiah la, a tichiang turin thu phuah rawh : 2×2=4
(a) Z< chhe rui ang
(b) Mawngvawm b^ ang
20. Lalsangzuala, Dawrpui Veng, Aizawl i ni a. Mi sualin i dawr an rawk chungchangah Aizawl
Police Station-a thehluh turin First Information Report (FIR) han ziak teh. 4
21. A hnuaia thupui i duh zawk hmangin Essay, thumal 250 aia tlem loin han ziak teh. 8
(a) Thawh chhuah mila nun
(b) Nunna hi a hlu
|HEN RUKNA : RAPID READER
22. (a) Chawngmawii’n Hrangchhuana lu, a nu leh pate hnen a panpui dan kimchang takin han
ziak teh. 8
OR
(b) Siaia te khan Hrangchhuana kha man hlauh se engtia tih nge an tum sawi la, Siaia ten
Hrangchhuana an man dan kha sawi bawk rawh. 2+6=8

_________

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Total number of printed pages – 6 HSS/002

2025

HINDI
Full Marks – 80

Time – 3 Hours

Figures in the margin indicate marks.
General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Figures in the margin indicate marks.
(iii) Write your answers neatly and legibly.
(iv) While attempting a question, write the question number as given in the question paper.

1.

P.T.O.

HSS/002
1
1
1
1
2
2.

1
1
1
2
2

3. 8

HSS/002 2 Contd.

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4. 4
5. 4
6. 6

7.

1
1
1
1
2

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1
1
1
1
2
8.

1
1
1
2

1
1
1
2

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9. 2+2=4

10.

1
1
2

1
1
2
11. 4×4=16

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12. 2+2=4

13. 6

6

––––––––

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Total number of printed pages – 4 HSS/010

2025
NEPALI
Full Marks – 80
Time – 3 Hours

General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Figures in the margin indicate marks.
(iii) Write your answers neatly and legibly.
(iv) While attempting a question, write the question number as given in the question paper.

10

1.

1
1
P.T.O.

HSS/010
1
1
1
1
2
2
25

2.
5
1

20 2025
1
2
3

5
6
10 2025

3. 250-300 8

4. 1+1=2

HSS/010 2 Contd.

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5. 1+1=2

6.
1+1=2

7. 1+1=2

8. 1+1=2

9. 1+1=2
________
________
________
45

10. 4×1=4

HSS/010 3 P.T.O.

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11. 2
12. 2
13. 2
14. 5

15. 6×1=6

16.
3
17. 2
18. 2
19. 2
20.
4
21. 4
22. 7

––––––––
HSS/010 4 Contd.–– C

Total number of printed pages – 8 HSS/025
2025
ACCOUNTANCY
(Theory)
Full Marks – 80
Time - 3 Hours
General Instructions :
(i) This question paper is divided into two parts – A and B.
(ii) Part – A carries 60 marks and part – B carries 20 marks.
(iii) Each question carries marks indicated against it.
(iv) Please write down the serial number of the question before attempting it.

PART – A : ACCOUNTING FOR PARTNERSHIP FIRMS AND COMPANIES (60 marks)
ACCOUNTING FOR PARTNERSHIP FIRMS
1. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives : 7×1=7
(a) In the absence of partnership deed, the profit of a firm are divided among the partners :
(i) Equally
(ii) In the ratio of Capital
(iii) In the ratio of Partner’s Age
(iv) In the ratio of time devoted for the firm’s business
(b) Profit or Loss on revaluation account is transferred to ________ Partner’s Capital
Accounts.
(i) old (ii) new (iii) sacrificing (iv) continuing
(c) Gain or Loss on revaluation of assets at the time of retirement is a / an ________.
(i) revenue profit (ii) capital profit
(iii) asset (iv) liability
(d) X, Y and Z were partners in a firm. On 31st March, 2023, the firm dissolved. Creditors
took over furniture of book value of 50,000 at 45,000 in part settlement of
their amount of 60,000. The balance amount paid to them was ________.
(i) 10,000 (ii) 50,000 (iii) 45,000 (iv) 15,000

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(e) If a new partner is unable to bring his share of goodwill in cash ________ is debited
and old partner’s accounts are credited.
(i) Cash A/C (ii) Premium A/C
(iii) New Partner’s A/C (iv) Goodwill A/C
(f) In the event of death, combined share of profits of continuing partner’s will ________.
(i) increase (ii) decrease
(iii) remain the same (iv) be of equal ratio
(g) A, B and C were partners in a firm showing profits and losses in the ratio of 8:7:5. D
was admitted as a new partner for 15 th share in the profits which she acquired entirely
from A.The new profit sharing ratio after D’s admission will be –
(i) 7:7:5:1 (ii) 4:7:5:4
(iii) 8:7:5:4 (iv) 7:5:8:4
2. Black and Brown were partners in a firm sharing in the ratio of 3:2. Their capitals were
50,000 and 30,000 respectively. They agreed to allow interest on capital @ 12% p.a. The
profit of the firm before interest on capital amounts to 8000. Show the allocation of interest
on capital if :
(i) There is no agreement except for interest on capital to be allowed
(ii) Partners agreed to allow interest on Capital irrespective of profit 4
3. X, Y and Z were partners in a firm. On 1.1.2012 their capital stood at 25,000, 12,500 and
12,500 respectively. As per the provision of the partnership deed :
(i) Z was entitled for a salary of 750 per month.
(ii) Partners were entitled to interest on Capital at 5 % per annum.
(iii) Profits were to be shared in the ratio of capital.
The net profit for the year 2012 of 22,500 was divided equally without
providing for the above terms.
Pass an adjusting entry to rectify the above error and show your workings. 4
4. X, Y and Z are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio 3:2:1. On 1st April 2009, X
retires from the firm. Y and Z agree that the capital of the new firm shall be fixed at
2,10,000 in the profit sharing ratio. The capital accounts of Y and Z after all adjustments
on the date of retirement showed balances of 1,45,000 and 63,000 respectively. Show
the amount of actual cash to be brought in or to be paid to the partners. Pass Journal Entry.
4
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5. A business has earned an average profit of 1,80,000 during the last few years and the
normal rate of return in similar type of business is 10 %. Find out the goodwill by capitalisation
method assuming that the firm owns total assets worth 19,50,000 including a goodwill of
1,50,000 and outside liabilities worth 3,00,000.
Also show the goodwill amount to be the same under both average profit basis and super
profit basis of capitalisation. 4
6. (a) Lean and Stout are in partnership in proportion of 3/5 and 2/5 respectively. Their balance
sheet is as follows :
Liabilities Amount ( ) Assets Amount ( )
Cash
Capital Accounts : 650
Debtors 1000
Less : Reserve 400 600
Lean 2000
Stock 1500
Stout 1000 3000
Plant 650
Sundry Creditors 400
3400 3400

They decide to admit Thin to 1/3 share, upon the terms that he is to pay into the business
as 1000 for goodwill and sufficient capital to give him 1/3 share of the total capital of the
new firm. It was agreed that the Reserve for Bad Debts to be reduced to 100, that the stock
be revalued at 2000 and that the plant be reduced to 500.
Pass Journal entries to give effect to the above and show Balance Sheet of the new
firm. Also state future profit sharing ratio of the partners. 6
OR
(b) The firm A and B was dissolved. The balance sheet of the firm was as follows :
Liabilities Amount ( ) Assets Amount ( )
Creditors 3000 Bank 8000
Capital Accounts Debtors 18000
A 25000
Less : Reserve b/d 1000 17000
B 15000 40,000
Stock 5000
Buiding 13000
43000 43000

Assets realised 32,000 creditors were paid in full. Close the books of the firm by
preparing Realisation A/c, Partner’s Capital Accounts and Cash A/c. 6

HSS/025 3 P.T.O.

HSS/025
7. (a) The following is the Balance sheet of A & B who share profits in the ratio of 2:1.
Liabilities Amount ( ) Assets Amount ( )
Bank overdraft 15,000 Sundry debtors 40,000
Reserve fund 12,000 Less : Proivision 3600 36400
Stock 20000
sundry creditors 20,000
Building 25000
Capital : A- 40,000 Patents 2,000
B- 30,000 Machinery 33600
1,17,000 1,17,000
They admitted ‘C’ into partnership on this date. New profit sharing ratio is agreed as 3:2:1.
C brings in proportionate capital after the following adjustments :-
1. ‘C’ brings in 10,000 in cash as his share of goodwill.
2. Provision for doubtful debts is to be reduced by 2000.
3. There is an old Typewriter valued 2,600. It does not appear in the books of
the firm. It is now to be recorded.
4. Patents are valueless.
5. 2 % discount is to be made from creditors.
Prepare : (i) Revaluation A/c
(ii) Capital Accounts
(iii) Opening Balance Sheet of A, B and C 8
OR
(b) The Balance sheet of A, B and C on 31st December, 2024 was as follows :
Liabilitie s Amount ( ) Assets Amount ( )
Creditors 50,000 Goodwill 30,000
Capital A/c Land & Building 80,000
A- 80,000 Plant & Machinery 56,000
B- 80,000 Motor Car 54,000
C- 60,000 Debtors 48,000
Bank 2,000
2,70,000 2,70,000
The following terms have been agreed upon on A’s retirement :
1. Goodwill is to be valued at 42,000.
2. The value of Land and Building would be appreciated by 20,000.
3. The value of Plant and Machinery would be reduced to 46,000.
4. Create provision of 1400 on creditors.
5. Partners decided not to show goodwill as assets.

HSS/025 4 Contd.

HSS/025
6. The entire sum payable to ‘A’ is to be brought by ‘B’ and ‘C’ in such a manner that
their Capital Accounts are in proportion to their profit sharing ratio which is
equal.
Prepare : (i) Revaluation Account
(ii) Partners’ Capital Accounts
(iii) Balance Sheet after A’s retirement. 8
ACCOUNTING FOR COMPANIES
8. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives : 3×1=3
(a) Owner of company –
(i) Debenture holders (ii) Debtors
(iii) Shareholders (iv) Creditors
(b) If a share of 10, on which 9 has been called and 5 has been received is forfeited,
share Capital A/c in this case will be debited with –
(i) 5 (ii) 1 (iii) 10 (iv) 9
(c) 8,000, 8% debentures of 100 each are issued at a discount of 5 % but are repayable
at a premium of 5 %. In this case, Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c be debited with –
(i) 32,000 (ii) 72,000 (iii) 50,000 (iv) 40,000
9. Anwar Ltd purchased Building worth 49,50,000 and issued debentures to the vendors as
purchase consideration. Pass necessary Journal Entries. 6
(a) If 12 % Debentures of 100 are issued to vendors at par.
(b) If 12% Debentures of 100 are issued to vendors at a premium of 10 %.
(c) If 12 % Debentures of 100 are issued at a discount of 10 %.
10. (a) Birla Ltd issue 20,000 shares of 10 each at a premium of 4 per share. Payable as
follows : 6
On application 5
On allotment 6 (including Premium)
On First & Final Call 3
All the shares were duly subscribed and money received except on allotment and call
for 500 shares. These share were forfeited and reissued at 8 as fully paid.
Pass the necessary journal entries.
OR

HSS/025 5 P.T.O.

HSS/025
(b) Democracy Ltd forfeited its 500 shares of 10 each on which 5 per share was
received. Pass entry regarding reissue of all the shares if : 6
(i) Shares are reissued at 8 per share, fully paid up.
(ii) Shares are reissued at 7, 8 called up.
(iii) Shares are reissued at 4.50, 7 called up.
11. XYZ Ltd has an authorised capital of 4,00,000 divided into shares of 20 each, the whole
of which is issued and subscribed at a premium of 2 per share . The amount was payable as
follows :
On Application and Allotment 10
On First call 4 (including premium)
On 2nd & Final Call 8
The company made both the calls. The application and allotment money was duly
received, but a shareholder holding 2000 shares failed to pay both the calls and his shares
were forfeited. They were later on reissued at 14 per share as fully paid.
Give Journal entries regarding the transactions. 8
PART – B : FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS (20 marks)
12. Choose the correct answer from the following options : 6×1=6
(a) The prescribed form of balance sheet for the companies has been given in the schedule –
(i) VI Part III (ii) VI Part II (iii) VI Part I (iv) VI Part IV
(b) Solvency of the business can be measured by –
(i) Comparing fixed assets and liabilities
(ii) Comparing current assets with current liabilities
(iii) Comparing liquid assets with current assets
(iv) All of these
(c) Liquid assets =
(i) Current Assets + Stock
(ii) Current Assets – (Inventory + Prepaid Expense)
(iii) Current Assets – Current Liabilities
(iv) Current Assets + (Depreciation + Inventory)

HSS/025 6 Contd.

HSS/025
(d) An ideal proprietary Ratio and current ratio are –
(i) 60 % and 1:1 Respectively (ii) 50 % and 2:1 Respectively
(iii) 60 % and 2:1 Respectively (iv) 50 % and 1:1 Respectively
(e) Purchase of Machinery and proceeds from sale of old machinery are –
(i) Operating Activities (ii) Investing activities
(iii) Financing Activities (iv) Cash equivalents
(f) Which one is Cash Inflows from Financing Activities ?
(i) Proceeds from Issue of Shares (ii) Payment of Interim Dividend
(iii) Redemption of Preference Shares (iv) Redemption of Debentures
13. From the given statements answer the following : 4
(a) The Authorized capital of XYZ Ltd. is 20,00,000 divided into 2,00,000 equity share of
10 each. Out of these company issued 1,00,000 equity shares of 10 each.
The amount is payable as follows :
On Application and Allotment : 7
On First and Final Call : 3
The public applied for 90,000 equity shares and all the money was duly received. You
are required to :
(i) Show Share Capital in the Balance Sheet of the Company as at 31st March, 2024 and
(ii) Prepare “Notes to Accounts” for the same.
(b) Prepare Common size Balance Sheet of SWIGGY Ltd.
Balance Sheet
as at 31.3.2023 and 2024
Particulars 2023 ( ) 2024 ( )
I EQ UITY AN D LIABILITIES
1. Shareholders Funds
(a) Share Capital 4,00,000 5,00,000
2. N on-current Liabilities
(a) Long-term borrowings 3,00,000 4,00,000
Total 7,00,000 9,00,000
II. ASSETS
1. FIXED ASSETS 5,00,000 8,00,000
2. CURREN T ASSETS 2,00,000 1,00,000
Total 7,00,000 9,00,000

HSS/025 7 P.T.O.

HSS/025
14. Calculate Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities. 4
Particulars 2023 ( ) 2024 ( )
Preference Share Capital 12,00,000 15,00,000
15% Bank Loan 4,50,000 3,00,000
Bank O verdraft 25,000 15,000
Securities Premium 1,20,000 1,50,000
Cash Credit 40,000 50,000

Adjustments :
(i) Interest Paid on Bank Loan 56,250
(ii) Dividend Paid 1,25,000
15. From the given statements answer the following :
(a) Mr A. Birla owns a business and gives the following figures from two successive
years :
Particulars Year I Year II
Revenue from Operations 60,000 1,20,000
Gross Profit 15,000 24,000
Mr. Patil speaks very high of his manager who has increased the profit from
15,000 to 24,000 and describes him as dynamically successful. Calculate Gross
Profit Ratio. Do you agree with him ? If No, why ? 6
OR
(b) A Ltd has a loan of 50,00,000 as part of its capital employed. Interest payable on
the loan is 14 % and ROI (Return on Investment) of the company is 30 %. The rate of
Income Tax is 40 % . What is the gain to the share holders due to the loan raised by
the company ? 6

___________

HSS/025 8

Total number of printed pages – 6 HSS/027
2025
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
Full Marks – 80
Time – 3 hours
General Instructions :
(i) The question paper has three parts - A, B and C. All the parts are compulsory.
(ii) Write the number of the question before attempting it.
(iii) Marks for each question are indicated against it.
PART – A
(COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC – 24 Marks)

1. Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 4×1=4

(a) The ratio of water and milk in a 30 litres mixture is 7:3. Find the quantity of water to
be added to the mixture in order to make this ratio 6:1.

(i) 30 (ii) 32 (iii) 33 (iv) 35

(b) The following information has been taken from a factory. Prime cost = 42,000, Factory
on cost = 12,000, Administrative overhead = 8,000. Then work cost = ?

(i) 72,000 (ii) 54,000 (iii) 50,000 (iv) 30,000

(c) A farmer sold a land for 8,40,000 through an Agent who charged 25p percent. ____
is the owner’s actual realisation.

(i) 8,61,000 (ii) 8,52,000 (iii) 8,37,900 (iv) 8,22,000

(d) A and B started a business. The capital of A is twice the capital of B. After 6 months C
joins with the capital of twice the capital of A. The profit/loss sharing ratio after 1
year is :

(i) 1:2:3 (ii) 1:2:4 (iii) 2:3:4 (iv) 2:1:2

P.T.O.

HSS/027
2. The account of ABC company shows for the year 2025 that the company has spent
5,00,000 towards material, 2,00,000 towards labour, 50,000 towards factory overhead
and 1,12,500 towards administrative overhead. What price should the company quote for
Air conditioner ? It is estimated that 15,000 in materials, 25,000 in labour will be required
for one Air conditioner. A profit of 20 % on Selling Price is required. 4

3. A man having 3 sons, aged respectively 48, 32 and 16 years, left his estate to be divided
amongst them in proportion to their ages. 8 years afterwards the second son died and left his
share to be divided between his surviving brothers in amount inversely proportional to their
ages. What portion of the original estate did each of the two sons receive after this accession
to their property ? 4

4. A municipality requires 40,000 for water supply and 75,000 for electricity. If the total
rateable value of the town be 9,85,000, find the rates that must be levied for water tax and
electric tax and find total surplus on the two items. 6

5. A, B and C have respectively 50,000, 35,000 and 25,000 invested in a business. A and
B receive respectively 20 % and 10 % of the annual net profit as salary. The remainder of the
profit is divided among them in proportion to their capital, if at the end of the year A receives
altogether 1200 more than B, what does each receive ? 6

PART – B
(ALGEBRA – 40 Marks)

6. Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 8×1=8

(a) How many possible two digit number can be formed by using the digits 3, 5 and 7. If
repetition of digits is allowed ?

(i) 10 (ii) 9 (iii) 7 (iv) 8
n n
(b) Cr – 1 = C3r, r = _____.

(i) 1 ( n  1) (ii) 1 ( n  2) (iii) 14 ( n  1) (iv) n + 1
2 4

HSS/027 2 Contd.

HSS/027
11
 2 3
(c) Which term contains x in the expansion of  2 x   ?
7
 x

(i) 5th (ii) 6th (iii) 7th (iv) 8th

(d) 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + ..... + x = 715, x = _____ ?

(i) 64 (ii) 62 (iii) 60 (iv) – 64

(e) If A and B are two events associated with a random experiment for which P(A) = 0.25,
P(B) = 0.65 and P(A or B) = 0.60, then, P (A and B) =

(i) 0.30 (ii) 0.65 (iii) 0.45 (iv) 0.25

1 7 1
(f) If A and B are events such that P(A) = , P (B) = and P(A  B) = , then A and B are –
2 12 4

(i) Independent (ii) Mutually exclusive

(iii) both (i) and (ii) (iv) None of these.

(g) In a single throw of two dice, the probability of obtaining ‘a total of 8’ is _____.

1 4 5 1
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
36 32 36 13

(h) A bag contains 10 white and 20 black balls. Two balls are drawn in succession without
replacement. The probability of getting both white balls is –

2 19 3 3
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
9 29 10 29

7. A convex polygon has 44 diagonals. Find the number of its sides. 2

11
 1
8. Show that the co-efficient of x –3
in the expansion of  x   is –330. 2
 x

9. Two cards are drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. What is the

probability that either both are red or both are kings ? 2

HSS/027 3 P.T.O.

HSS/027
 1 0
10. If A    , find k so that A2 = 8A + kI. 2
 1 7

n
 x
11. (a) If the co-efficient of x and x are equal in the expansion of  2   , then what is the
7 8
 3
value of ‘n’ ? 4
OR
(b) Find the co-efficient of x3 in the expansion of (1 2x)6 (1 x)7 . 4
12. How many arrangements can be made out of the letters of the word “COMMERCE” in which
the vowels are never together ? 4
13. Using graphical method, maximize z = 7x + 2y subject to the constraint
x  y  2, 3 x  4 y  24, x  0, y  0 . 4
14. (a) Solve the following system of equations using matrix method. 6
x yz 1
3x  y  2 z  3
x yz  1
OR

1 1 2   2 0 1 
0 2  3  9 2  3 
(b) Using the product   
3  2 4   6 1  2 

solve the following system of linear equations

x  y  2z 1
6
2 y  3z 1
3x  2 y  4 z  2
15. (a) Find the sum of the series (1 2  3)  (2  3 4)  (3 4  5)  ..... . to n terms. 6
OR
(b) In an AP, the first term is 2 and the sum of the first five terms is one-fourth of the sum
of next five terms. Show that the 20th term is –112 and the sum of first 20 terms is –1100.
6

HSS/027 4 Contd.

HSS/027
PART – C (BASIC CALCULUS – 16 marks)

16. Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 4×1=4

x
(a) The domain of the function f ( x)  is
x 1
2

(i)  (ii)   {1} (iii)   {1} (iv)   {1,1}

d
(b) log3 x 
dx

log3 e log 3 1 1
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
x x x x log3 e

 (2 x  3) dx  ?
5
(c)

(2x  3)6 (2x  3)6 (2x  3)6
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (2x  3)6  3
6 3 12

dy
If y  e 
sinx
(d) , then
dx

(i) esinx .sin x (ii) esinx .cos x

(iii) esinx .sin x (iv) esinx .cos x

 x2  4 
17. Evaluate : lim   2
 3x  2  x  2 
x 2

18. Show that the function f ( x )  2 x  1, if x  2 is continous at x = 2 2
3x
, if x  2
2

dy
19. If x y  y x , then find . 4
dx
HSS/027 5 P.T.O.

HSS/027
x3
20. Evaluate : (a)  ( x2  1)3 dx 4

OR

 x (ax  bx  c) dx
2
(b) (i)

dx
(ii)  1  sin x 2+2=4

____________

HSS/027 6

Total number of printed pages – 4 HSS/024

2025
BUSINESS STUDIES
Full Marks – 80
Time – 3 Hours
General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks are indicated against each question.
(iii) Please write the number of the question before attempting it.
PART – A (50 marks)
PRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
1. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives : 5×1=5
(a) The trend of online shopping and electronic payment mechanism has increased in the
recent past. Which dimension of business environment is responsible for such a
scenario?
(i) Political (ii) Legal (iii) Social (iv) Technological
(b) Which of the following dimensions of business is concerned with the disposable income
of people ?
(i) Social (ii) Economic (iii) Legal (iv) Political
(c) Planning is required at all levels of management as well as in all departments of the
organisation. Which feature of planning is discussed here ?
(i) Planning focuses on achieving objectives.
(ii) Planning is a primary function of management.
(iii) Planning is pervasive.
(iv) Planning is continuous.
(d) Name the process that helps in choosing the best person out of a number of prospective
candidates for a job.
(i) Recruitment (ii) Selection (iii) Training (iv) Education

P.T.O.

HSS/024
(e) Who introduced the need Hierarchy theory of motivation ?
(i) Peter Drucker (ii) Philip Kotler
(iii) Herzbert Sheldon (iv) Abraham Maslow
2. Fill in the blanks : 5×1=5
(a) ________ environment prohibits the advertisement of alcoholic beverages.
(b) ________ is a general guideline which brings uniformity in decision-making for achieving
the predetermined objectives.
(c) ________ refers to shifting an employee to a higher position.
(d) ________ aims at guiding and influencing the workforce in the right direction.
(e) ________ is the last step in the process of controlling.
3. Mr. Anil Gupta is working in ABC Ltd. He is processing the accounts payable invoices in
accounting department of the company. Using the concept of management, identify his
level in organisational hierarchy. 2
4. How is the principle of unity of command useful to management ? 2
5. Just after the declaration of Lok Sabha election results in 2014, stock exchanges rose by
1000 points. Identify and explain the dimension of environment mentioned here. 1+1=2
6. A company allows only eight leave for its employees during one year. Mention and explain
the type of plan. 1+1=2
7. Explain two limitations of planning. 2
8. Suggest a connective action to be taken when employees are losing their motivation. 2
9. Explain measurement of actual performance as a step in the process of controlling. 2
10. Explain in brief any six significance of management principles. 6
11. (a) Identify the managerial function that is concerned with filling the vacant post in
the organisation structure. Explain its importance to the organisation. 1+5=6
OR
(b) Explain why staffing is treated as a part of Human Resource Management. 6
12. Explain any six non financial incentives used to motivate employees of the company. 6

HSS/024 2 Contd.

HSS/024
13. (a) What is organising as a structure ? Differentiate between functional and divisional
structure of an organisation. 1+7=8
OR
(b) What is meant by decentralisation of authority ? If decentralisation is an optional policy,
explain why an organisation would choose to be decentralised. 1+7=8
PART – B (30 marks )
BUSINESS FINANCE AND MARKETING
14. Choose the correct answer : 3×1=3
(a) Identify the aspect of financial management that enables to forsee the fund requirement
both in terms of the quantum and the timing –
(i) Budgetary control (ii) Trading on equity
(iii) Financial planning (iv) None of these
(b) Which of the following money market instruments is an instrument of short term
borrowing by the government of India maturing in less than one year ?
(i) Call money (ii) Commercial Paper
(iii) Treasury Bill (iv) Commercial Bill
(c) You don’t close a sale, you open a relationship, if you want to build a long-term successful
enterprise. Identify the communication tool used by the marketer.
(i) Advertisement (ii) Sales promotion
(iii) Public relation (iv) Personal selling
15. Fill in the blanks : 3×1=3
(a) Current assets is usually financed through _________.
(b) _________ speculator anticipates rise in the price of securities.
(c) ‘Buy one, get one free’ is an example of one of the techniques of _________.
16. “Money market is essentially a market for short term funds.” Comment. 2
17. Define Stock exchange. 2
18. (a) What is packaging ? State the functions of packaging. 1+5=6
OR

HSS/024 3 P.T.O.

HSS/024
(b) Explain any six functions of marketing from the management view point. 6

19. Explain the role of consumer organisation and NGO’s in protecting and promoting consumer’s
interest. 6

20. What is fixed capital ? Explain the factors determining the amount of fixed capital. 1+7=8

___________

HSS/024 4

Total number of printed pages – 4 HSS/019
2025
ECONOMICS
Full Marks – 80
Time – 3 Hours
General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks allotted to each question are indicated against it.
(iii) Please write down the serial number of the question before attempting it.

SECTION – A
MACROECONOMICS (40 marks)
1. Choose the correct answer from the given options : 4×1=4
(a) Choose the correct statement.
(i) NDPmp is estimated as the difference between GDPmp and depreciation.
(ii) NDPmp is estimated as the difference between GDPmp and Net Indirect taxes.
(iii) NDPmp is estimated as the difference between Depreciation and Mixed income.
(iv) NDPmp is estimated as the difference between Depreciation and Net Indirect
taxes.
(b) The difference between National income and Domestic income is that of –
(i) Net Indirect taxes
(ii) Net factor income from abroad
(iii) Consumption of fixed capital
(iv) both (i) and (ii)
(c) If Mpc = 0.5, the value of multiplier will be –
(i) 0 (ii) 1
(iii)  (iv) 2

P.T.O.

HSS/019
(d) Full employment means a situation in which demand for labour –
(i) is equal to its supply
(ii) exceeds its supply
(iii) is unequal to its supply
(iv) is less than its supply
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer : 4×1=4
(a) ________ is one of the revenue expenditures.
(b) The component of balance of payment account includes the ________ .
(c) If the value of US dollar in Indian rupee is increased, it means that the domestic currency
has ________.
(d) When the net balance of all receipts and all payments is positive, it is a ________.
3. What is meant by supply of money ? Who are the producers of money ? 2
4. ‘The effect of Progressive tax is more on the rich than the poor.’ Justify the statement. 2
5. What is Central Bank ? How does a Central Bank control the availability of credit by Open
market operation ? 1+3=4
6. (a) Distinguish between Revenue Receipt and Capital Receipt in a Government Budget.
Give two examples each. 4
OR
(b) Write the possible consequences of Fiscal deficit. 4
7. What is Fixed exchange rate system ? Explain the merits of fixed exchange rate system.
1+3=4
8. Explain any four precautions that you should take in the estimation of National Income by
Income method.
Given the following information, calculate the following using income method :
(a) Domestic income
(b) National income 4+2+2=8
Items (Rs. in crores)
(i) Wages 10,000
(ii) Rent 5,000
(iii) Interest 400

HSS/019 2 Contd.

HSS/019
(iv) Dividend 3,000
(v) Mixed income 400
(vi) Undistributed profit 200
(vii) Social Security Contribution 400
(viii) Corporate profit tax 400
(ix) Net factor income from abroad 1,000
9. (a) What is Consumption function ? Explain Consumption function with the help of a schedule
and a diagram. 8
OR
(b) What is excess demand ? Explain it with the help of a diagram. Explain the Quantitative
monetary measures for correcting excess demand. 8
SECTION – B
INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (40 marks)
10. Choose the correct answer from the given options : 4×1=4
(a) During 1950-90, India adopted :
(i) export promotion policy
(ii) policy of imports substitution
(iii) free trade policy
(iv) None of these
(b) Identify the correct statement from the following :
(i) India’s economic growth rate is higher than that of China.
(ii) India adopted Commune System of Production.
(iii) India is the second largest economy in the world.
(iv) India is behind China in HDI ranking.
(c) Items of goods exported and imported by a nation is referred to as :
(i) Balance of trade
(ii) Direction of trade
(iii) Composition of trade
(iv) Trade surplus

HSS/019 3 P.T.O.

HSS/019
(d) Which of the following statements is true in relation to Pakistan, India and China ?
(i) Pakistan is ahead of both India and China in terms of total population.
(ii) Pakistan is ahead of both India and China in terms of rate of urbanisation.
(iii) Pakistan is ahead of both India and China in terms of density of population.
(iv) Pakistan is ahead of both India and China in terms of fertility rate.
11. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer : 4×1=4
(a) The percentage of female workers is lower in ________ areas.
(b) The economic policy followed in 1990 was ________.
(c) ________ sector is taking a lead as a source of employment in urban areas.
(d) The full form of GST is ________.
12. ‘To measure the extent of development in an economy, liberty indicators should be considered
along with other socio-economic parameters.’ Justify the statement with valid arguments. 2
13. Explain the rationale behind choosing ‘Self-Sufficiency’ as a central planning objective in
India’s development strategy. 2
14. Highlight the merits of demonetisation. 4
15. (a) Explain the role of human capital formation in accelerating the rate of economic growth.
4
OR
(b) What are the functions of NABARD ? 4
16. It is said that the New Economic Policy is liberal. Comment. 4
17. (a) “Features of Indian Agriculture itself explain the story of its backwardness.” Put out
your views in reference to this statement. 8
OR
(b) Give a brief account on Foreign Trade and Demographic profile during the British rule.
8
18. How can the challenges of environmental crisis be addressed ? 8

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HSS/019 4 –C