HP Board 12th Class Model Question Paper 2026 Biology

HPBOSE
MODEL QUESTION
PAPERS

HP BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION DHARAMSHALA
CHAPTER WISE MARKS DISTRIBUTION
CLASS 12th SUBJECT: BIOLOGY TOTAL MARKS: 80
CHAPTER WISE MARKS DISTRIBUTION
CLASS 11th & 12th SUBJECT: BIOLOGY TOTAL MARKS: 80
OPEN SCHOOL QUESTION PAPER
Total
Sr. No Name of module Chapters Marks
Living World

Diversity of Living Biological Classification
I 6
Organisms
Plant Kingdom

Animal Kingdom

Morphology of Flowering plants
Structural
II Organisation in Plants and Anatomy of Flowering plants 6
Animals

Structural Organization in Animals
Cell: The Unit of Life
Cell: Structure and Biomolecules
III 9
Function
Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Photosynthesis in Plants

IV Plant Physiology Respiration in Plants 8

Plant Growth and
Development

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Body Fluid and its Circulation

Excretory Products and their
V Human Physiology Elimination 9

Locomotion and Movement

Neural Control and
Coordination

Chemical Control and
Integration
Plant Reproduction

VI Reproduction Human Reproduction 8
Reproductive Health

Principles of inheritance and variation

VII Genetics and Evolution 9
Principles of inheritance and variation

Evolution

Biology and Human Human Health and diseases
VIII 8
Welfare
Microbes in Human Welfare

Biotechnology and its Biotechnology : Principles and Processes
IX 9
Applications
Biotechnology and Its Applications

Organisms and Populations

X Ecology and Environment Ecosystem 8

Biodiversity and Conservation

80

Class 10+2 BIOLOGY. Time allowed: 3 Marx- M. 80

Candidates are required to answer in their own words as far as practicable.
Marks allotted to each question are indicated against it .

(1) You must indicate in your answer-book the same question number as appears in
your Question paper.

(ii) All questions are compulsory. Internal choices have. been given

(iii) Q. No 1-16 are multiple choice types, Carrying 1 mark each.

(iv) Q. No 17 to 23 are short answers like questions carrying 2 marks each.

(v) Q. No 24 to 28 are short answer types, carrying 3 marks each.

(vi) Q. No 29 to 33 are explanatory type questions carrying 4 marks.

(vii) Q. No 34-36 are long type questions carrying 5 marks.
==============================================================

SECTION-A

1 In human being, the developing embryo resides in a) fallopian tubes 1
b)uterus c) ovaries d) vagina

2 Branch of Biology that Deals with study of Fungi Is known as : a) mycology b) 1
phycology c) microbiology d)Palynology

3 Okazaki fragments give rise to a) master strand b) sense strand c) lagging 1
strand d) leading strand

4 Name the excretory organ of Pheritima posthuma (earthworm) a) 1
nephridia b) malpighian tubules c) flame cell d) kidney

5 The purpose of biological treatment of waste water is to a) reduce BOD b) 1
increase BOD c) reduce sedimentation d) increase sedimentation

6 The floral formula of Solanaceae is correctly represented as: 1
a. ⊕K(5) C(5) A5 G(2)
b. ⊕ K(5) C(5) A(10) G(1)
C. ⊕ K(5) C(5) A(4) G(2)
d. ⊕ K(5) C(5) A(5) G̲ (2)

7 Which of following is known as stress hormone: 1
a) ABA b) gibberellin c) 2,4-D d) Auxin

8 The reaction centre in PS II has an absorption maximum at 1
(a) 660 nm (c) 680 nm (b) 780 nm (d) 700 nm

9 Identify the lipid structure in the diagram below: 1

Glycerol backbone
|
|— Fatty acid Chain
|
|— Fatty acid Chain
|
|— Fatty acid Chain

What type of lipid does the diagram represent?

a) Phospholipid
b) Triglyceride
c) Cholesterol
d) Sphingolipid

10 Name the enzyme involved in DNA replication and transcription 1
respectively:
a) DNA polymerase and RNA Polymerase
b) RNA Polymerase and DNA polymerase
c) DNA polymerase and Primase
d) RNA Polymerase and Ligase

11 In the structure of DNA, nitrogenous bases pair in a specific manner. Adenine 1
always pairs with thymine with —----- hydrogen bonds , and Guanine always
pairs with cytosine with ….. hydrogen bonds respectively.
a) 2 and 3
b) 2 and 2
c) 3 and 2
d) 3 and 3

12 The acrosome of the sperm helps in: 1
A. Tail movement B. DNA replication
C. Penetration of zona pellucida D. Activation of secondary oocyte

13 1
The role of selectable markers in a cloning vector is to:

a) Help in separating DNA fragments

b) Increase efficiency of transformation

c) Identify recombinants from non-recombinants

d) Facilitate replication of vector

14 1
The IUCN Red List provides information primarily about:

A) Biodiversity hotspots

B) Endangered species and their extinction risk

C) Genetically modified organisms

D) Invasive alien species

15 Which of the following statements about histamine is correct? 1
A. It is released by mast cells and promotes phagocytosis
B. It is released during allergic reactions and causes inflammation
C. It directly neutralizes pathogens
D. It is an anti-inflammatory agent

16 What prevents the backflow of blood during ventricular contraction? 1
A. Bicuspid and tricuspid valves
B. Semilunar valves
C. Chordae tendineae
D. SA node

SECTION-B

17 1+1=2
Describe the structure of female gametophyte of angiosperm OR
Draw a well labelled diagram of the embryo sac.

18 Give the role of Sertoli cells and Corpus luteum. 1+1=2

19 Discuss Mendel’s Law of Purity with suitable an example. 1+1=2

20 What are Genetic maps? How can genetic maps be prepared? OR 1+1=2
OR Differentiate between DNA and RNA

21 What is triple fusion. What is the product of it. Name the nuclei involved in (1+½+½=2)
it.

22 Differentiate between Aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 2

23 Differentiate between essential and non essential amino acids 2

SECTION-C

24 a). Differentiate between SPERMATOGENESIS AND OOGENESIS 1½+1½=3
b). Differentiate between Connecting links and missing links. OR
OR OR OR
a) Write the name of the causal organism, symptoms and mode of transfer
of disease Ascariasis
b) Differentiate between T- Lymphocyte and B-Lymphocyte.

25 (a) Name and state the law given by Lindeman which tells us how much 1½+1½=3
energy entering a particular trophic level of organisms is available for
transfer to the next higher trophic level.
. (b) How much energy will be available to hawks in the food chain
comprising hawk, snake, paddy and mice, if 10,000 J of energy is available to
paddy from the sun?
OR OR
a) What are sacred groves? What is their role in conservation?
b) Name the 2 types of growth curves. Which one growth curve is
more realistic and Why?

26 Write a brief note on a) Principle and 2 application of PCR 1½+1½=3
b) Gel Electrophoresis: Role of ethidium bromide

27 A Define Primary productivity? Write down the different types of productivity . 1½+1½=3
b) How is biodiversity important for ecosystem functioning?

28a) Name the microbes from which Cyclosporin A an immunosuppressive agent 1½+1½=3
and Statins are . .. …. obtained
b) What does it mean if a water sample has a high BOD?

SECTION-D

29 Identify and Name the label A,B,C,D,E,F,G AND H. (
½+½+½+½+
½+½+½+½=
4)

30 IDENTIFY and Name the terms A, B,C and D in the given diagram of Antibody2 2+2=4
molecule ? ( ½+½+½+½=2)

B) The yellowish fluid colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of
lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant. Is this an
example of passive immunity or active immunity? Justify . ( 1+1=2)

31 1+1+1+1=4
.
S. Characteristics C3 Plants C4 Plants Characteris
No tics
.

a Cell type in which the Mesophyll/
Calvin take Place Bundle
sheath/both

b Which is the primary CO2 RuBP/PEP
acceptor /PGA

c Number of carbons in the 5/4/3
primary CO2 acceptor

d Name the enzyme fixing RuBisco/P
CO2 EP
carboxylas
e/Hexokina
se

32 a) Draw a well labelled diagram of Human Lungs. 2+2=4
b) Explain the generation and conduction of nerve impulses.
OR OR
a)Differentiate between cranial Nerves and Spinal nerves
b) Differentiate between diabetes mellitus & diabetes insipidus

33 a) Why is Taq Polymerase used in PCR? Name its source. 2+2=4
b) What are molecular scissors? Give one example.

SECTION-E

34 a) Write ANY 4-5 features of Bryophytes OR Pteridophytes 2+2+1=5
b) Difference between Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
c) Name the primary composition of the cell wall of Bacteria and Fungi.

35 a)) Discuss the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane with a labelled 2+2+1=5
diagram. (2)
b)Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur:
(i) Chromosomes are moved to the spindle equator.
(ii) Centromere splits and chromatids separate.
(iii) Pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place.
.. ( ½+½+½+½=2 )
(iv) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place.
Why does starch change the colour of iodine, but cellulose does not? (1)

36 a) How does the first transgenic cow Rosie different from normal cow with 2+3=5
. respect to milk .. ………quality? (2)
b) Explain the following terms a) Origin of replication b) Bioreactor c)Gene
therapy. (1+1+1=3)

HIMACHAL PRADESH BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, DHARMSHALA
BLUE PRINT OF BIOLOGY SOS DIRECT
MODULE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS
MARKS
SN
NAME OF MODULE MODULE WISE BREAK UP OF MARKS (NO. OF QUESTIONS) ALLOTTED
Grand
4 MARKS
CHAPTER 1 MARKS 2 MARKS 3 MARKS 5 MARKS Total
Diversity of Living
1
Organisms 1 1 6
Structural
2 Organisation in 1
Plants and Animals 2 6

Cell: Structure and
3
Function 2 1 1 9
4 Plant Physiology 2 1 1 8
Human
5 2
Physiology 1 9
6 Reproduction 2 3 8
Genetics and
7
Evolution 2 2 1 9
Biology and Human
8 1
Welfare 1 1 8
Biotechnology and
9
its Applications 1 1 1 9
Ecology and
10
Environment 2 2 8
Grand Total 16 14 15 20 15 80

========================= End of question paper============================
VIVEKANAND SHARMA
LECTURER IN BIOLOGY
GMSSS PRAGPUR DISTT KANGRA

HIMACHAL PRADESH BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION
Class 12th
Biology (2025-26)
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 60

General Instructions:-

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper consists of four sections: A, B, C, and D.
3. Section A contains 12 multiple-choice questions of 1 mark each.
4. Section B contains 10 very short answer questions of 2 marks each.
5. Section C contains 6 short answer questions of 3 marks each.
6. Section D contains 2 long answer questions of 5 marks each.
7. Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary.

SECTION A: Multiple Choice Questions
1. A person accidentally cuts his finger with a rusty nail. Within hours, the area becomes red,
swollen, and warm. Which component of the innate immune system is primarily responsible for
these signs?
A) Antibodies B) Memory T cells
C) Inflammatory response D) Plasma cell (1)
2. What is the role of reverse transcriptase in a retrovirus?
(a) It synthesises proteins. (b) It copies DNA to RNA.
(c) It transcribes RNA to DNA. (d) It replicates RNA. (1)
3. Hormones releasing IUD is
(a) CuT (b) Lippes loop
(c) LNG-20 (d) Cu7 (1)

4.For a long time, it was believed that life came out of decaying and rotting matter like straw,
mud, etc. This was the theory of
(a) catastrophism (b) spontaneous generation
(C) panspermia (d) chemogeny (1)
5. Angiospermic endosperm is :
(a) Haploid (b) Diploid (c) Triploid (d) Polyploid (1)

6. If a red-flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (WW) under incomplete
dominance, what will be the phenotype of the offspring (RW)?
A) Red B) White C) Pink D) Red and white spotted (1)
7. How many polar bodies are given out in production of one egg during oogenesis? :
(a) Two (b) Three
(c) One (d) Four (1)
8. From a Sewage treatment plant, three water Samples, the A, B and C are tested for BOD Value
and the recorded values of BOD are 6mg/L, 400mg/L and 20 mg/L respectively. What is correct
about these samples ?.
a) Sample A is taken from Untreated sewage
b) Sample B belong to secondary effluent of sewage
c) Sample C is taken from Primary effluent -
d) Sample B is collected from untreated sewage (1)

9. Name the bacterium that yields thermostable DNA polymerase. (1)
a) Agrobacterium tumefacien. b) Thermus aquaticus.
c) Azotobactor Sp. d) Escherichia coli
10. The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass.

A sharp decrease is seen in biomass at higher trophic levels in the grassland ecosystem. Choose
the correct option for the levels of the ecosystem.

1 2

a Carnivor Herbivore

b Producers Herbivore

c Herbivore Producers

d Producers Carnivor
(1)
Question Nos. 11 & 12 consist of two statements- Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of assertion
(b)Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
(c)Assertion is false, but Reason is false
(d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true
11. Assertion (A): Mice is the most preferred mammal for studies on gene transfers.
Reason (R): Mice possesses features like short oestrous cycle and gestation period, relatively
short generation time, production of several offspring per pregnancy, etc. (1)
12. Assertion: Monarch butterfly is highly distasteful because of a special chemical present in its
body.
Reason : Animals adopt different strategies to survive in hostile environm
environment.
ent. (1)
Section B (Very Short Answers)
13 .Identify the sex of organism as male or female in which the sex chromosome are found
as :
(i) ZW in bird.
(ii) XY in Drosophila
(iii) ZZ in birds.
(iv) XO in grasshopper (2)
14.Given below is a view of a microsporangium of a mature anther

(i)Name A , B and C wall layers.
(ii)Mention the characteristics and function of the cells forming wall layer C. (2)

15. Given below are the pathogens and the diseases caused by them. Which out of these
pairs is not correct matching pair and why?

(b) Microsporum - Ringworm
(c) Salmonella - Common Cold
(d) Plasmodium – Malaria
OR
What are allergens? How do they cause inflammatory response inside human body? (2)

16. The figure given below indicates the uncontrolled growth of cells which results in
tumour. These can be either benign (stay in fix spot) or malignant (can move to
other parts of the body) and can cause cancer.

Based on the above figure, answer the following questions.
(i) Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases. Explain contact inhibition with respect to the
disease.
(ii) Cancer patients are often given a-interferon as a part of the treatment. Give a reason.
(2)
17. An orchid plant is growing on the branch of mango tree. How do you describe this
interaction between the orchid & the mango tree?
OR
Name the bind of interaction present between the following :

i) Indian Nightingale & crow
ii) Nodulated roots & rhizobium
iii) Plasmoduim & man
iv) Sea anemone and Clown fish (2)
18. .Mention any two applications of Biotechnology in the field of Agriculture . (2)
19.Biodiversity must be conserved as it plays an important role in many ecosystem services that
nature provides. Explain any two services of the ecosystem. (2)
20. The figure given below is related to the control of pregnancy. Study the figure and answer the
questions that follow.

(i) Name the process that is shown in the above figure.
(ii) Explain how this process helps to control pregnancy. (1+1)
21 Draw a labelled diagram of a nucleosome. Where is it found in a Cell? (2)
22 In the activated sludge process, what is the role of the aeration tank, and why is it important to
maintain adequate oxygen levels in this tank?. (2)

SECTION C( Short Answer )

23.Consider a eukaryotic cell where the transcription of a gene is initiated by RNA polymerase
binding to the promoter region. The gene sequence on the DNA template strand is 3'-

Question:
Based on the scenario provided:
(a) Identify the mRNA sequence that would be synthesised from the given DNA template strand.
Explain the role of the promoter region in the initiation of transcription.
(b) List two key modifications that occur to the primary RNA transcript in eukaryotic cells to form
mature mRNA. (3)

24. Explain the structure of an anatropous ovule with a neat and well labeled diagram?
OR
How dose pollination takes place in Yucca plant .List any three adaptations required for such type
of pollination. (3)

25 Describe how nematode – resistant transgenic plants have been obtained?
OR
What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produces it. How has man exploited this protein for
his benefit .

26. Who were the two scientists that conducted an experiment to synthesise organic molecule
abiotically ? How did they provide the probab
probable
le condition of the primitive earth in this experiment?
27. A forest ecosystem is observed where fallen leaves from various trees have accumulated on
the forest floor. Over time, the leaves start to decompose, and the nutrient-rich humus forms in the
soil. Explain the role of decomposers in this process and discuss how the decomposition of leaf
litter contributes to the nutrient cycling and overall health of the forest ecosystem. (3)
28. A cross between a normal couple resulted in a son , who was haemophilic and a normal
daughter. In course of time when the daughter was married to a normal man, their son was also
haemophilic.
(a) Represent this cross in the form of a punnett square.
(b) Give the genotypes of the daughter and her husband.
(c) Write the conclusion you draw of the inheritance pattern of this disease.? (3)
SECTION D LONG ANSWERS
29. Observe the schematic representation of orgenesis given below.

(i)Explain and illustrate the phases in oogenesis.
(ii) After the formation of a secondary oocyte, if sperm does not fertilise the egg, what will happen
then? Explain. (2+3)
OR
(a)Draw T.S. of mammalian testis revealing seminiferous tubules show different types of cell.
(b) Name the two types of cells of germinal epithelium.
(c) Name the hormones produced by the cells scattered in connective tissue and lying between
seminiferous tubules. (3+1+1)

30 (a) In recombinant DNA technology, vectors are used to transfer a gene of interest in the host
cells. Mention any three features of vectors that are most suitable for this purpose.

(b) A selectable marker is used in the section of recombinants on the basis of their ability to
produce colour in presence of chromogenic substrate.
(i) Mention the name of mechanism involved.
(ii) Which enzyme is involved in production of colour?
(3+2)
OR
(a) Why are restriction endonucleases, so called?

(b) What is a palindromic nucleotide sequence? How do restriction endonucleases act on
palindromic sites, to create sticky ends?

(c) Name the material used as matrix in gel electrophoresis. (2+2+1)

CHAPTER WISE MARKS DISTRIBUTION
S Name of Chapter 1 Mark 2 Marks 3 Marks 5 Marks TOTAL
No MCQ Questions Questions Questions MARKS

1 Sexual Reproduction in 01 01 01 _______ 06 Marks
Flowering Plants 01Mark 02 Marks 03 Marks

2 Human Reproduction 01 ------- _______ 01 06 Marks
01 Mark 05 Marks

3 Reproductive Health 01 01 ----- _______ 03 Marks
01 Mark 02 Marks

4 Principles of Inheritance and 01 01 01 _______ 06 Marks
Variations 01Mark 02 Marks 03 Marks

5 Molecular Basis Of 01 01 01 _______ 06 Marks
Inheritance 01Mark 02 Marks 03 Marks

6 Evolution 01 ------ 01 _______ 04 Marks
01Mark 03 Marks

7 Human Health and Disease 01 02 ----- --- 05 Marks
01Mark 04 Marks

8 Microbes in Human Welfare 01 01 _______ ------- 03 Marks
01Mark 02 Marks

9 Biotechnology: Principles & 01 _______ _______ 01 06 Marks
Processes 01Mark 05 Marks

10 Biotechnology : Applications 01 01 01 06 Marks
01Mark 02 Marks 03 Marks

11 Organisms and Populations 01 01 ------ 03 Marks
01Mark 02 Marks

12 Ecosystem 01 ----- 01 04 Marks
01Mark 03 Marks

13 Biodiversity and Conservation -------- 01 _______ 02 Marks
02 Marks
BLUEPRINT FOR MCQs
Sr. No. Name of Unit Number of Questions
1 Concept Based/Direct Questions 4
2 Understanding & Knowledge Based 3
3 High Difficulty Level 3
4 Assertion & Reason 2
Total 12

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