ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2027 Robotics

ISC YEAR 2027

INDIAN SCHOOL CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION

ROBOTICS
(884)

February 2025
____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE)

MISSION STATEMENT

The Council for the Indian School Certificate
Examinations is committed to serving the nation's
children, through high quality educational
endeavours, empowering them to contribute towards
a humane, just and pluralistic society, promoting
introspective living, by creating exciting learning
opportunities, with a commitment to excellence.

ETHOS OF CISCE

Trust and fair play.
Minimum monitoring.
Allowing schools to evolve their own niche.
Catering to the needs of the children.
Giving freedom to experiment with new ideas
and practices.
Diversity and plurality - the basic strength for
evolution of ideas.
Schools to motivate pupils towards the
cultivation of:
Excellence - The Indian and Global
experience.
Values - Spiritual and cultural - to be the bedrock
of the educational experience.
Schools to have an 'Indian Ethos', strong roots in
the national psyche and be sensitive to national
aspirations.

CLASS XII

There will be two papers in the subject: Paper II: Practical - 3 hours ... 15 marks
Paper I: Theory - 3 hours ... 70 marks Practical File … 15 marks

PAPER I- THEORY: 70 Marks

S. NO. UNIT TOTAL WEIGHTAGE
1. Introduction 12 Marks
2. Robotics in Healthcare 16 Marks
3. Robotics in Agriculture 16 Marks
4. Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0/5.0 16 Marks
5. Space Robotics 10 Marks
TOTAL 70 Marks

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PAPER I – THEORY – 70 Marks Cart, Vision System, Endo wrist
Instruments
Note: Key concepts of Class XI need to be revised Advantages: Enhanced Precision,
as a prerequisite Minimally Invasive, High-Definition
1. Introduction Visualization, Reduced Fatigue for
Surgeons
(i) Design and Selection Parameter of a Robot.
b. Ultrasound Robotic System
Fundamental principles and considerations
in designing and selecting robots for Working Principle: diagnostic imaging
various applications. by automating the positioning and
movement of the ultrasound probe.
(ii) Basic introduction to ROS and Gazebo. Controlled remotely or semi-
Robot Operating System (ROS) and the autonomously, follows pre- programmed
Gazebo simulation environment, essential instructions which ensures consistent and
tools for robot development and simulation. accurate imaging, reducing variability
and improving diagnostic quality.
(iii) Robotics Ethics.
Components: Robotic Arm, Control
Accountability, Privacy and Surveillance, System, Ultrasound Probe, Display and
Human-Robot Interaction, Impact on Image Processing Unit.
Employment, Safety and Security, Advantages: Consistent Imaging Quality,
Autonomy vs. Control, Social Implications, Enhanced Precision in Diagnosis,
Military and Defense, Environmental Reduced Technician Strain.
Impact.
c. Exoskeleton Robots
2. Robotics in Healthcare Working Principle: mimicking and
supporting natural body movements,
(i) Introduction
wearable devices that provide powered
Represents a transformative shift in medical support to the user’s limbs, enabling
procedures, patient care, rehabilitation, movement and reducing strain. Sensors
and technological advancements, with detect the movements or intentions,
applications in complex surgeries, patient allowing the exoskeleton to respond
assistance, diagnostics, and physical accordingly. Assist patients with mobility
therapy. impairments in regaining strength and
(ii) Types of Robots motor function.
Surgical Robots, Assistance Robots, Components: Structural Frame, Motors
Diagnostic Robots, Rehabilitation and and Actuators, Control System, Sensors
Therapy Robots. Advantages: Improved Mobility,
Rehabilitation Support, Enhanced
(iii) Application Strength and Endurance.
a. da Vinci Surgical System
Working Principle: operates on the 3. Robotics in Agriculture
principle of minimally invasive robotic- (i) Introduction
assisted surgery and controlled by a Application of robotics and artificial
surgeon from a console, the system intelligence (AI) in farming, improve
translates hand movements into precise productivity, reduce costs, and support
micro-movements of tiny instruments sustainable practices. Agricultural robots,
inside the patient’s body through a or "agrobots," for planting seeds and
high-definition, 3D magnified view, spraying pesticides to monitoring crop
which provides paralleled accuracy and health and harvesting.
precision, minimizing tissue trauma and
reducing recovery time.
Components: Surgeon Console, Patient

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(ii) Types of Robots 4. Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0/5.0.
Seeding and Spraying Robot, Ground (i) Introduction
Mobile Robot (Weeding Robot, Harvesting
Integrates digital technology and
Robot, Pruning Robot),Monitoring and
automation to enhance manufacturing
Sensing Robot.
efficiency, flexibility, and intelligence.
(iii) Application Emphasizes the connectivity of machines,
a. Seeding and Spraying Robot data, and artificial intelligence to create
smart factories, brings in human-centric
Working Principle: based on GPS and
approaches.
sensor data to ensure precise
placement and application, navigate (ii) Types of Robots
fields using predefined coordinates, Industrial Robot Arms, Collaborative
placing seeds at specified intervals or Robots (Cobots), Automated Guided
spraying crops with the right amount of Vehicles (AGVs), 3D Printing Robots,
chemicals. Robotic Welding Systems.
Components: GPS Module, Sensors,
Spraying System, Seeding Mechanism, (iii) Application
Power Source. a. Manipulator
Advantages: Precision Farming, Working Principle: Arms with multiple
Labour Reduction, Environmental joints that simulate human arm
Benefits. movements to manipulate tools or work
b. Ground Mobile Robot pieces, uses servo motors and
controllers, the manipulator follows
Working Principle: move autonomously
programmed paths, allowing precise
across the farm, scanning and
positioning and controlled force
collecting data on soil conditions, crop
application.
health, and more. Operate using wheels
Components: Actuators, Controller,
or tracks, equipped with GPS for
End-Effector, Sensors, Power Supply.
navigation. Components of the System:
Advantages: Precision, Speed, Reduced
Mobility System.Control Unit, GPS
Labor Costs.
Module, Imaging and Sensing
b. Security and Sensing Robot
Equipment, Communication Module
Advantages of the System: Efficient Working Principle: Patrol factory
Field Coverage, Real-Time Data floors, using sensors and cameras to
Collection, Saves Resources. monitor environments for safety and
security. Operates autonomously,
c. Monitoring and Sensing Robot analyzing surroundings in real-time
Working Principle: Monitoring and and alerting personnel to issues like
sensing using cameras and sensors to unauthorized access, fire hazards, or
assess crop health, detect pest machinery malfunctions. Equipped with
infestations, and monitor soil moisture AI, they can process data to detect
levels. anomalies and potential threats.
Components of the System: Imaging Components: Sensors, Navigation
Sensors, Environmental Sensors, Data System, AI Processor, Communication
Storage and Processing Unit, Module, Power Source.
Communication System, Power Source. Advantages: Enhanced Security,
Advantages of the System: Data- Incident Detection, Data Collection
Driven Insights, Early Problem c. Collaborative Robots (Cobots)
Detection, Improves Yield Quality. Working Principle: Uses sensors to
detect human presence, and algorithms
to ensure safe interactions, handle
tasks that require precision and

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flexibility, assisting humans with labor-
intensive activities c. Gaganyaan–Vyommitra
Components: Sensors, AI-Driven Working Principle: Vyommitra, the
Control Unit, End-Effector, Feedback humanoid robot developed for ISRO's
Systems, Power Supply. Gaganyaan mission, functions similarly
Advantages: Safety, Adaptability, to advanced robotic systems like the
Enhanced Productivity. Canadarm2. It operates by responding to
commands from mission control and
5. Space Robotics astronauts aboard the spacecraft.
(i) Introduction Components: Joints and Actuators, End
Exploring and understanding the vast Effectors, Sensors and Cameras, Power
expanse beyond Earth as essential in Source.
exploring planets, moons, and asteroids. Advantages: Versatility, Precision,
Carryout tasks that would be dangerous or Enhanced Safety.
impossible for humans, such as collecting
samples, studying environments, and PAPER II – PRACTICALS -30 Marks
assisting in construction and repair tasks in The practical paper of three hours’ duration will be
space. evaluated by the Visiting Examiner appointed
(iii) Types of Robots locally and approved by CISCE.
Planetary Rovers, Space Probes and The paper shall consist of three problem statements
Landers, Space Station robotics. /problems from which a candidate has to attempt
(iii) Application any one. The practical consists of two parts:
a. Mars Rover Program (1) Planning/ Writing Session
Working Principle: Operate semi- (2) Examination Session
autonomously, relying on instructions The total time to be spent on the Planning/Writing
sent from Earth, use of sensors, cameras, Session and the Examination session is three hours.
and AI algorithms to navigate Martian A maximum of 90 minutes is permitted for the
terrain, avoid obstacles, and perform Planning/Writing Session and 90 minutes for the
tasks such as drilling and soil analysis. Examination session.
Components: Power Source, Mobility
System, Camera and Imaging Systems, Candidates are to be permitted to proceed to the
Scientific Instruments, Communication Examination Session only after the 90 minutes of
System. the Planning / Writing Session are over.
Advantages: Remote Exploration, Data Planning/Writing Session
Collection, Autonomous Operation. The candidates will be required to prepare an
b. Chandrayaan-2 Mission algorithm and a handwritten program to solve the
Working Principle: studying the Moon’s problem.
surface and its mineral composition. Examination Session
performs remote sensing, operate semi- The program handed in at the end of the
autonomously, gathering data and Planning/Writing session shall be returned to the
transmitting it back to Earth. candidates. The candidates will be required to do
Components: Orbiter, Lander (Vikram), and execute the program individually on the
Rover (Pragyan), Power Source, computer, hardware and show execution to the
Communication System. Visiting Examiner. A printout of the program listing
Advantages: Detailed Lunar Study, including output results should be attached to the
National Achievement, Cost-Effective answer script containing the handwritten program
Research. and hardware results. This should be returned to the
examiner. The program should be sufficiently

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documented so that the apparatus/components 7. Create educational robotics kits or tutorials for
required, circuit diagram/block diagram, teaching robotics concepts to younger students
algorithm/flowchart, representation, development or beginners.
process, observations/output is clear from reading 8. Participate in a debate or discussion on ethical
the program. Large differences between the planned considerations in robotics, exploring topics like
program and the printout will result in loss of autonomy, privacy, and safety.
marks. Teachers should maintain a record of all the 9. Design and build a robot to compete in specific
assignments done as part of the practical work challenges, such as maze navigation, object
throughout the year and give it due credit at the manipulation, or obstacle avoidance.
time of cumulative evaluation at the end of the year. 10. Pursue a self-directed robotics innovation
Students are expected to do a minimum of twenty- project, exploring emerging technologies, novel
five assignments for the year. applications, or interdisciplinary collaborations.
The details are as follows:
NOTE: This list is indicative only. Teachers and
Details of Assignments to be done during the students should use their imagination to create
year innovative and original assignments.

Broad Area Number of EVALUATION OF ASSIGNMENTS
Assignments Marks (out of 30) should be distributed as given
below.
Practical (Programming) 15
Continuous Evaluation
Hands-on (Case Study) 10 Candidates will be required to submit a work file
containing the practical work related to assignments
TOTAL 25 done during the year.
Assignments done throughout the year 10
LIST OF SUGGESTED ASSIGNMENTS: (Internal Evaluation) marks

Some sample problems are given below as Assignments done throughout the year 5
examples. The problems are of varying levels of (Visiting Examiner) marks
difficulty:
1. Design and build a simple robot using basic
Proposed Guidelines for Marking
materials like cardboard, motors, and sensors.
2. Explore Robot Operating System (ROS) and The actual grading will be done by the teacher
simulate a robotic system using Gazebo based on his/her judgment. One possible way:
simulation environment. divide the outcome for each criterion into one of 3
3. Research and present a case study on the groups: excellent, good, poor/unacceptable, then
application of robotics in healthcare, focusing use numeric values for each grade and add to get
on surgical robots, rehabilitation robots, or the total.
telepresence robots. Evaluation will be done as follows:
4. Design a robot tailored for agricultural
applications, considering factors like mobility, Assignments: 10 Marks
sensing, and autonomy. Criteria Class design - Documentation
5. Develop an implementation plan for integrating (Total 10 Execution Practical File
robotics and automation in a manufacturing marks) (4 marks) (6 marks)
facility as part of Industry 4.0 initiatives.
Excellent 4 6
6. Propose a robotic mission for space exploration,
outlining the mission architecture, payload Good 3 4
requirements, and scientific goals. Poor 1 2

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Terminal Evaluation mentioned in the question paper, correct output for
unknown inputs available only to the examiner.
Solution to Problem Statement on 15 Note: Program logic should be expressed through
Hands-On/ Programming marks algorithm or flowchart; circuit or block diagram,
and listing required apparatus or components and
Marks should be given for choice of algorithm / writing observations/output.
flowchart / circuit / block diagram, and
implementation strategy, circuit making,
documentation, correct output on known inputs

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LABORATORY REQUIREMENTS
(For a class of 30 students)

Sl. No. Name of Components Quantity

1 Joystick 15

2 Accelerometer and Gyro Sensor 10

3 IR Sensor 15

4 Ultrasonic Sensor 15

5 PIR Motion Sensor 15

6 Temp. Sensor 15

7 Soil Moisture Sensor 15

8 Gas detector Sensor 15

9 Trimmer Potentiometer 15

10 Mini micro submersible water pump 5

11 Wheel 65mm 4

12 BO Wheel 70mm 4

13 Water flow measurement sensor 1

14 LED Matrix4 in 1 display 5

15 Switch keyboard 5
16 Bluetooth Module with button 10
17 BO Motor straight 15

18 Motor driver module (L298N) 10

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Name of Components Quantity
Sl. No.
19 Servo motor 15

20 Stepper Motor (D Type shaft) 5

21 Breadboard 400 Pin 10
3
22 Lithium Polymer battery (2200mAh)

23 Buzzer (pack of 5 Nos) 2

24 Transistor 1
25 Linear Voltage Regulator (Pack of three) 5
1
26 Capacitor Assorted Kit
27 LED Assortment Kit 1
28 Metal Film Resistor 2
2
29 Digital Multimeter

30 Tactile Push Button Switch 6x6x5 (Pack of 10) 2

31 Soldering Iron with Solder Wire 2

32 Wire stripper and cutter 5

33 Mecanum Wheels (80MM) 4

34 LCD Display 10

35 Dupont Cable (40 pin) 10
20 each
36 Jumper wires ( M& F ,F &F M&M )

37 Stepper motor driver 10
2
38 Hook up Wire Kit

39 Lithium Polymer Battery (1000mAh) 30

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Sl. No. Name of Components Quantity
40 SPST Rocker Switch 10
41 Digital LDR Module 15
42 Arduino UNO with cable 45

43 Battery holder 10

44 Battery with connector 15

45 Raspberry Pi 5, 8 GB / ESP32 5

46 Measuring Tape 5M 1

47 Screw Driver set 1

48 Parallel Charging Board (pack of 6) 1

49 Multipurpose PCB Ruler 1

50 Omni Wheel (90 mm) 4

51 NodeMcu (ESP8266 V3 Lua CH340 Wifi Dev. Board) 10

52 LDR 5mm (Pack of 10) 2

53 Dust Smoke particle Sensor (PM2.5) 1

54 Light Assorted Kit 2

55 Proto Screw Shield 5
Computer Desktop System 10
Configuration:
(Dell Optiplex 3000 Desktop
12th Generation Intel Core I5-12500
Processor Intel B660 Chipset
2GB NVidai Dedicated Graphics
ENERGY STAR Qualified
8GB, DDR4, Non-ECC Ram 3200 Mhz
56
M.2 512GB Gen 4 PCIe NVMe Solid State Drive
Power Cord 1M for India Dell USB Keyboard & Optical Mouse
Windows 11 Pro OEM with License
Dell 24” Display
Wifu Card + HDMI 1 Mtr. Cable
3 Years onsite Warranty
Micro-Tech UPS - 600 VA (15 mins)

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SAMPLE TABLE FOR PRACTICAL WORK
Assessment of Assessment of the Practical Examination TOTAL MARKS
Unique Practical File (To be evaluated by the Visiting Examiner only) (Total Marks are to
Identification be added and
S. No. Internal Visiting Algorithm C/Python Program Hard Output entered by the
Number (Unique
Evaluation Examiner with internal Copy Visiting Examiner)
ID) of the candidate
10 Marks 5 Marks Documentation (printout)
3 Marks 7 Marks 2 Marks 3 Marks 30 Marks

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Name of the Visiting Examiner:_________________________________
Signature: _______________________________
Date:___________________________________

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