Maharashtra HSC Syllabus Logic

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Logic (47)

Introduction 6. Develop the ability of logical thinking.
One of the important defining 7. Appreciate logical thinking.
characteristics of ‘man’ is his rationality i.e. 8. Develop interest in logic.
his capacity to think consistently and to draw 9. Detect fallacies involved in arguments.
conclusions from the information he receives. 10. Make use of tools and techniques in logic
Although this power is natural to every for solving practical problems in their life.
human being, scholars have identified the rules
of reasoning which he makes use of, without Std. XI
being conscious of them. This is the Science of
Logic. Traditionally, Logic was known and Unit Sub -Unit
esteemed as the Queen of all Sciences as it is 1. 1. Nature of Logic
training of Logic, that sharpens reasoning 1.1 Kinds of Inference
capacity and makes one to understand • Deductive
arguments and detect fallacies in them if any. • Inductive
Logic thus happens to be the fundamental 1.2 Difference between two types of
discipline useful for all branches of knowledge. inferences
With introduction of Logic at +2 Level, students 1.3 Truth & Validity
will be able to understand, argue and convince 2. 2. Nature of propositions
with considerable amount of maturity. It will 2.1 Nature of propositions - modern view
also contribute in enriching their power of 2.2 Distinction between proposition and
critical thinking which is necessary in present sentence
situation and to save us from various irrational 2.3 Distinction between simple and
forces operative in society. Positively, it may compound propositions
also help in overcoming various crises 2.4 Distinction between truth –functional
confronted by us. and non-truth-functional compound
Objective propositions, types of truth functional
To enable the students to compound propositions
1. Acquire knowledge of fundamental terms, 2.5 Symbolisation of propositions
definitions, concepts, principles and • Propositional constants
theories of Logic. • Propositional variables
2. Understand logic as the study of inference. • Propositional connectives
3. Understand the purpose of logic and 2.6 Basic truth-tables for Propositional
enquiry in general. connectives
4. Differentiate between various forms of 3. 3. Decision Procedure
statements and arguments. 3.1 Nature of decision procedure
5. Apply formal techniques to arguments. 3.2 Truth-table – for statement forms

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3.3 Tautology, Contradiction, Contingent 8. 8. Difinition
3.4 Testing validity of arguments using 8.1 Nature and purposes of definition
truth-table method 8.2 Kinds of definition
4. 4. The Method of Deduction • Ostensive
4.1 Deductive Proof • Extensive
4.2 Direct proof • Biverbal
4.3 Rules of Inference and Rule Of • Definition per genus et
Replacement differentiam
4.4 Conditional proof • Stipulative definition
• Arguments • Lexical definition
• Tautology 9. 9. Project work (20 marks)
5. 5. Introduction to Traditional logic Project Work has been newly
5.1 Categorical Propositions introduced in the Std. XI Logic
5.2 A, E, I, O propositions syllabus as per the new guidelines.
5.3 Square of opposition of propositions
5.4 Representation of A, E, I, O using Std. XII
Venn diagrams Section I :
6. 6. Types of Inductive inference Unit Sub –Unit
6.1 Types of Inductive inference 1. 1. Traditional Logic
• Ordinary inference Importance and relevance of logic to life.
• Simple enumeration 1.1 Classification of propositions
• Analogy 1.1.1 Distribution of Terms
• Hypothetico – deductive 1.2 Types of inferences –
method Mediate and immediate
7. 7. Non-formal fallacies 1.3 Opposition of Propositions,
7.1 Distinction between formal & non- 1.3.1 Deciding relation of
formal fallacies propositions on the basis of
7.2 Various forms of non-formal opposition of proposition
fallacies 1.3.2 Deciding inter value of
• Division and composition propositions on the basis of
• Accident and converse fallacy opposition of propositions.
of accident 1.4 Conversion, Obversion, Education
Ignoratio Elenchi : 2. 2. Decision procedure
• Argumentum ad baculum 2.1 Principle of reduction ad absurdum.
• Argumentum ad hominem 2.2 Shorter Truth – table method
• Argumentum ad populum 3. 3. Deductive proof
• Argumentum ad verecundiam 3.1 Indirect proof of tautology &
• Argumentum ad misericordiam arguments
• Argumentum ad ignoratiam

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4. 4. Predicate Logic 5.2 Formal grounds of Induction
4.1 Need for Predicate Logic 5.2.1 Notion of cause
4.2 Types of proposition 5.2.2 Popular Notion of cause
• Singular 5.2.3 Scientific Notion of cause
• General (Existential universal) 6. 6. Hypothesis
4.3 Propositions, Function and deriving 6.1 Definition and nature of hypothesis
Propositions from propositional 6.2 Origin of hypothesis
function and vice versa. 6.3 Conditions of good hypothesis
• Instantiation and 6.4 Types of hypothesis
• Quantification / Generalization • Working hypothesis
4.4 Symbolization of propositions • Ad Hoc hypothesis
4.5 Nature of quantificational deduction 6.5 Verification and confirmation of
4.6 Rules of quantificational deduction hypothesis
– U.I, U.G, E.I & E.G.(preliminary 6.6 Established hypothesis as a law or
version) theory of science.
4.7 Deductive proof of arguments 7. 7. Project work (20 marks)
involving quantifiers (Direct proof) Project work has been newly
5. 5. Grounds of Induction introduced in the standard XII Logic
5.1 Material grounds of Induction Syllabus as per the new guidelines.
5.1.1 Observation
5.2.2 Experiment