NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption

UNIT 5
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Chapter 16 The reductionist approach to study of life forms resulted in increasing
Digestion and Absorptionuse of physico-chemical concepts and techniques. Majority of these
studies employed either surviving tissue model or straightaway cell-
Chapter 17 free systems. An explosion of knowledge resulted in molecular biology.
Breathing and Exchange Molecular physiology became almost synonymous with biochemistry
of Gases and biophysics. However, it is now being increasingly realised that
neither a purely organismic approach nor a purely reductionistic
Chapter 18 molecular approach would reveal the truth about biological processes
Body Fluids and or living phenomena. Systems biology makes us believe that all living
Circulation phenomena are emergent properties due to interaction among
components of the system under study. Regulatory network of molecules,
Chapter 19 supra molecular assemblies, cells, tissues, organisms and indeed,
Excretory Products and populations and communities, each create emergent properties. In the
their Elimination chapters under this unit, major human physiological processes like
digestion, exchange of gases, blood circulation, locomotion and
Chapter 20 movement are described in cellular and molecular terms. The last two
Locomotion and Movement chapters point to the coordination and regulation of body events at the
organismic level.
Chapter 21
Neural Control and
Coordination

Chapter 22
Chemical Coordination
and Integration