NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science (Geography) Chapter 3 Water Resources

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 10th

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Class : 10th
Subject : Geography
Chapter : 3
Chapter Name : Water Resources

Q1 Multiple choice questions.
(i) Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from
water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.
(a) Region with high annual rainfall.
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.

(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river
projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity. (b)
Multi-purpose projects by regulating water ow helps to control oods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.

(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have
helped in proper utilisation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural ow and its sediment
ow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given
to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained
popularity despite high water availability due to the Indira Gandhi Canal.

Answer. (i) (a) Not suffering from water scarcity
(b) Suffering from water scarcity
(c) Suffering from water scarcity
(d) Not suffering from water scarcity

(ii) (c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

(iii) (a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have
caused the over exploitation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural ow and causes the sediment to
settle at the bottom of the reservoir.

(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when higher priority was given to
water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline due to
the Rajasthan canal.

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.
(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.

Answer. (i) All water that is used primarily ends up in the sea. From there, it enters the
hydrological cycle in the form of water vapour. Freshwater is renewed by this cycle when
precipitation occurs. Hence, water is a renewable resource.

(ii) Water scarcity or water stress occurs when water availability is not enough to match the
demand for water. It is caused by an increase in population, growing demand for water, and
unequal access to it.

(iii) Multipurpose river projects help in irrigation, electricity production, ood control, inland
navigation and sh breeding. However, the reservoirs destroy local ora and fauna. Many
native villages are submerged, and people lose their livelihood, with little or no hope of
rehabilitation.

Q3 Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
(ii) Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being
carried out to conserve and store water.

Answer. (i) Houses in the semi arid regions of Rajasthan have traditionally constructed tanks
for storing drinking water. They are big and are a part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater
harvesting system. The tanks are constructed inside the main house or the courtyard, and are
connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. The rain falling on the rooftop
travels down and is stored in the tanks. The rst spell of rain is not collected as this water
cleans the roof and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent spells is collected. This
water is used till the next rainy season, and is a reliable source of water even after other
sources have dried up. The tanks also help in cooling the houses as rooms built around them
have generally low temperatures due to conduction.

(ii) Traditional methods of rainwater harvesting like ‘the rooftop method’ are becoming
popular in India. In Gendathur village, Mysore, about 200 households have adopted the
rooftop rainwater harvesting method, thereby making the village rich in rainwater. The state

of Tamil Nadu has made it compulsory for all the houses to have rooftop rainwater harvesting
structures. Defaulters are severely punished.