CBSE Class 10 Malayalam Question Paper 2020 Solutions

Strictly Confidential: (For Internal and Restricted use only)
Secondary School Examination-2020
Marking Scheme – MALAYALAM
(SUBJECT CODE : 012) (PAPER CODE :12 )
General Instructions: -

1. You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct
assessment of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious
problems which may affect the future of the candidates, education system and teaching
profession. To avoid mistakes, it is requested that before starting evaluation, you must
read and understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully.Evaluation is a 10-12
days mission for all of us. Hence, it is necessary that you put in your best effortsin
this process.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should
not be done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking
Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while
evaluating, answers which are based on latest information or knowledge and/or
are innovative, they may be assessed for their correctness otherwise and marks
be awarded to them. In class-X, while evaluating two competency based
questions, please try to understand given answer and even if reply is not from
marking scheme but correct competency is enumerated by the candidate, marks
should be awarded.
3. The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each
evaluator on the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the
instructions given in the Marking Scheme. The remaining answer books meant for
evaluation shall be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the
marking of individual evaluators.
4. Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer ‘X”be marked.
Evaluators will not put right kind of mark while evaluating which gives an impression that
answer is correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which
evaluators are committing.
5. If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the
left-hand margin and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
6. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin
and encircled. This may also be followed strictly.
7. If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more
marks should be retained and the other answer scored out.
8. No marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized
only once.
9. A full scale of marks 0-80 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if
the answer deserves it.
10. Every examiner has to necessarily do evaluation work for full working hours i.e. 8 hours
every day and evaluate 20 answer books per day in main subjects and 25 answer books
per day in other subjects (Details are given in Spot Guidelines).
11. Ensure that you do not make the following common types of errors committed by the
Examiner in the past:-
 Leaving answer or part thereof unassessed in an answer book.
 Giving more marks for an answer than assigned to it.
 Wrong totaling of marks awarded on a reply.
 Wrong transfer of marks from the inside pages of the answer book to the title page.
 Wrong question wise totaling on the title page.
 Wrong totaling of marks of the two columns on the title page.
 Wrong grand total.
 Marks in words and figures not tallying.
 Wrong transfer of marks from the answer book to online award list.

 Answers marked as correct, but marks not awarded. (Ensure that the right tick mark
is correctly and clearly indicated. It should merely be a line. Same is with the X for
incorrect answer.)
 Half or a part of answer marked correct and the rest as wrong, but no marks
awarded.

12. While evaluating the answer books if the answer is found to be totally incorrect, it should
be marked as cross (X) and awarded zero (0)Marks.

13. Any unassessed portion, non-carrying over of marks to the title page, or totaling error
detected by the candidate shall damage the prestige of all the personnel engaged in the
evaluation work as also of the Board. Hence, in order to uphold the prestige of all
concerned, it is again reiterated that the instructions be followed meticulously and
judiciously.

14. The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the Guidelines
for spot Evaluation before starting the actual evaluation.

15. Every Examiner shall also ensure that all the answers are evaluated, marks carried over
to the title page, correctly totaled and written in figures and words.

16. The Board permits candidates to obtain photocopy of the Answer Book on request in an
RTI application and also separately as a part of the re-evaluation process on payment of
the processing charges.

MARKING SCHEME

MALAYALAM -2020
CODE : 012

¥ÈáÕÆߺî ØÎÏ¢ :_ 3 ÎÃßAâVå ¦æµ ÎÞVAí : 80

Section - A / ® ÕßÍÞ·¢ -_åReading Comprehension.

I. Comprehension passage.
Note: No mark(s) should be deducted for mistakes in usage and
grammar, spelling or word limit. Full marks may be awarded if a
student has been able to identify the core ones. If a student literally
lifts a portion of the given passage as an answer to a question, no
mark(s) to be deducted for this as long as it is relevant.
(10)
(i) {]Wb]c-h-i-cmb kv{Xo-]p-cp-j-·mÀ hn[n-h-im ]ncn-
ªn-cnt¡−n hcn-I. hnc-l-¯n B-aKv-\mb Imap-I³
Imap-In¡v Hcp ktµiw F¯n¡phm³ Hcp hkvXphnt\tbm
hyàntbtbm Is−¯n Xsâ ktµiw F¯n¡phm³
A`yÀ°n¡pI. A§s\ CcphcptSbpw DXvIWvTbv¡v ia\w 2
hcp¯pIþ CXmWv Imhy§fpsS auenILS\.

(ii) hmßoIncmambW¯nse InjvInÔmImWvU¯n {iocma³ 2
l\pamsâ ]¡Â koXbv¡v ZqXp \ÂIp¶Xpw,
\fþZab´n¡Ybn ZqXpambn t]mIp¶ lwkhpsaÃmw
ktµiImhy§fpsS BZyIme amXrIIfmWv.

(iii) D®p\oen ktµiw, N{IhmI ktµiw, abqc ktµiw, `rwK 2
ktµiw, lwk ktµiw, ZmXyql ktµiw, tImIne ktµiw,
KcpU ktµiw.

(iv) ktµiImhy¯n\v c−p `mK§fp−vþ ]qÀÆ`mKhpw 2
D¯c`mKhpw . ]qÀÆ`mK¯v ktµiabbv¡m\pff ImcWw,
ktµihmlIs\ Is−¯nb kµÀ`w, amÀ¤ hnhcWw Chbpw
D¯c`mK¯v \mbnIbpsS hmkØe hÀ®\, \mbnImhÀ®\,
ktµiw Chbpw DÄs¸Sp¶p.

(v) ktµiImhy§fnse AwKnbmb ckw irwKmcamWv. 1
JWvUnIbpambn _Ôs¸« GXp ioÀjI¯n\pw amÀ¡v 1
\ÂImw.
SECTION- B. WRITING

Ìß ÕßÍÞ·¢

WRITING SKILLS.
Note:- The objective of this section is to test a candidate’s writing
ability. Hence expression assumes as much importance as the content
of answer. (14)
2 ©ÉÈcÞØøºÈ
¦Îᶢ 1
©U¿A¢, ¦ÖÏ¢. 3½
ÍÞ×ÞèÖÜß, ¥ÕÄøÃøàÄß, ¶mßµÞµøâ 1½
©ÉØ¢ÙÞø¢ 1
(i) \jv S s¸Sp¶ ImÀjnI kwkv I mcw
BapJw
• a\pjykwkvImcw Irjnbpambn _Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶p.
• ]c¼cmKX ImÀjnIaqey§Ä
• ]c¼cmKX IrjncoXnbn h¶ hyXnbm\§Ä þ imkv{X
kmt¦XnI taJeIfpsS kzm[o\w IrjnbnÂ, IÀjI³
Irjn Dt]£n¡m\pff ImcW§Ä þ kpc£nX¯zanÃmbva,
`£yhnfIfn \n¶v \mWyhnfIfnte¡pff amäw,
P\nXIamäw hcp¯nb hnfIÄ, AanXemt`Ñ þ
hntZiIp¯Iþ IfpsS ImÀjnI cwKt¯¡pff IS¶pIbäw
þ ImemhØm hyXnbm\w þ X\Xmb ImÀjnI kwkvImcwþ
hnfshSp¸pÕh§Äþ BtLmj§Äþ HmWw XpS§nb
DÕh§Äþ \mS³ ]m«pIÄ þ `£Wioe§fn h¶
amä§Äþ \KchXv¡cWwþ
• ImÀjnItaJebpsS kpc£nXamb \ne\nev]v \mSn\v
A\nhmcyw þ ImÀjnI taJesb t{]mÕmln¸n¡pI
(b) kv{XoIfpsS kpc£ þ C¶v
BapJw
kaql¯n kv{Xo t\cnSp¶ {]iv\§Äþ AXn{Ia§Äþ
NqjWwþ AkaXzw, kv{Xo kpc£nX-bÃmXncn¡p¶ CS§Ä þ
(IpSpw_w, s]mXp CS§Ä, bm{XmthfIÄ) hnizmk§Äþ
`cWLS\ A\pimkn¡p¶ AhImi§Ä
kwc£n¡s¸SWwþ kv{XoIfpsS hnZym`ymkw

t{]mÕmln¸n¡pI þ kv{Xo kpc£s¡Xnscbpff
shÃphnfnIÄ t\cnSm³ Ahsc {]m]vXcm¡pI
(c) \ham[ya§fpw B[p\nItemIhpw
BapJw
\ham[ya§fpsS AanXkzm[o\w þ B[p\nI temI¯nÂ
AXn\pff {]kànþ \ham[ya§fpsS kulrZ¡q«mbvaIÄ þ
ASnb´nc kmlNcy§Ä t\cnSm³ klmbn¡Âþ hnÚm\w
hnc¯p¼nÂþ kmaqly Xn·IÄs¡Xnsc {]XnIcn¡m\pff
tijn ChbpsS KpW]chpw AÃm¯Xpamb kzm[o\w

\ham[ya§fpsS Zpcp]tbmKw þ sXämb hmÀ¯m {]NmcWw,
kwkvImciq\yamb CSs]SepIÄ, NqjW§Ä, X«n¸pIÄ,
bphXeapdbnse Zp:kzm[o\wþ Ip«nIfpsS am\knI imcocnI
hfÀ¨bnep−mIp¶ A]mIXIÄ. kpc£nXamb
D]tbmKcoXnIsf¸än t_m[hXv¡cWw þ \nbakpc£
3 µJí
øâɸ¿È
çdÉ×µX/ çdÉ×ßÄ (]©mb¯v {]knUâv)
çÎWÕßÜÞØ¢
ØbàµVJÞÕí/d·ÞÙµX (PnÃm IfIvSÀ)
çÎWÕßÜÞØ¢
[çÎWÕßÜÞØ¢ ®Ká ÎÞdÄ¢ ®ÝáÄáKÄßÈá ɵø¢
çÎWÕßÜÞظ¿µB{ÞÏ çÉøí,ÕàGáçÉøí/³ËàØßæa çÉVí, (2)
ØíÅÜ¢, çÉÞØíxí ³ËàØí, ÉßXçµÞÁí ®KßÕ FgpXWw]
¥ÍßØ¢çÌÞÇÈ, Õß×ÏØâºÈµZ,
¦Îᶢ _ µJßæa Öøàø¢
©U¿A¢ -µJßæa Öøàø¢.
(¶mßµ Äßøߺîí, Õß×ÏJßW ²ÄáBáKÄᢠ¦ÕÖcBZ (3)
ØÎVjßAæM¿áKÄáÎÞÏßøßAâ)

]©mb¯v {]knUâv F¶ ]cmaÀiw t{]jIØm\t¯m
DffS¡¯ntem ]cmaÀin¨ncn¡Ww. Asæn ½ amÀ¡v
Ipdbv¡Ww.

shffs¸m¡s¡SpXnIfpsS hkvXpXm]camb hnhcWw
kÀ¡mÀ klmb¯nsâ A\nhmcyX þ hniZoIcWwþ klmb
A`yÀY\
¦ÖÏdɵÞÖÈ¢, ÍÞ×ÞèÖÜß, ¥ÕÄøÃøàÄß, Õß×ÏdÉÄßÌiÄ, (2)
ØÎVjÈ¢, D]kwlmcw
©ÉºÞøÕÞAí, ²Mí, çÉøí F¶nh CSXphit¯m, heXphit¯m

hcmw. ÄàÏÄß Xmsgtbm t{]jI\pw {KmlI\pw CSbntem
FgpXWw.

• tNmZyØn\\pkcn®pff cq]am‰tØmsS t{]jI
{KmlI ÿm\߃ hy‡am°m≥ hnZym¿YnIsf
`mhnbn¬ A[ym]I¿ {]m]vXcm°Ww

SECTION-C-GRAMMAR
Øß.ÕßÍÞ·¢
GRAMMAR
Note:- In grammar section marks may be awarded only for the
correct answers according to the marking scheme. Marks to be
deducted for the errors, spelling mistakes and construction of
sentences. (20)

3 (a) {]tbmKw
Hcp al k¶n[nbnse¶t]mse Ahfm incÊv 1
(i) Ip\nbs¸«p/ Ip\n¡s¸«p.

(ii) ]dªdnbn¡m\mhm¯ HtcIm´Xbm At¸mÄ AbmÄ 1
hebw sN¿s¸«p.
OR
AbmÄ ]dªdnbn¡m\mhm¯ HtcIm´Xbm hebw
sN¿s¸«p.
(b)
(i) AwKhmIyw þ {ZuWnsb I−dnªp NmSnsbgpt¶Â¡m³ ½
`mhn¡pt¼mtg¡pw +
AwKnhmIyw þ {ZuWn Abmsf hen¨p Xmsgbn«p Nhn«n. ½

(ii) AwKhmIyw þ \o§p¶ Xoh−napdnbn \n¶p ]pdt¯¡p ½
t\m¡pw t]mse
OR
AwKhmIyw þ \o§p¶ Xoh−napdnbn \n¶p ]pdt¯¡p
t\m¡pw t]mse A]cnNnX\mbn +

AwKnhmIyw þ A]cnNnX\mbn I−p®n \n¶p.
OR ½
AwKnhmIyw þ I−p®n \n¶p.

(c) hmIy¯n sXäps−¦n Xncp¯pI :_
æÄxá ÎÈTßÜÞAß ÉâVHÎÞÏß ÄßøáJáKÄßÈí ÎáÝáÕX ÎÞVAí
ÈWµÞ¢. ÍÞ·ßµÎÞÏÞW ¦ÈáÉÞÄßµÎÞÏß ÎÞVAí ÈWµÞ¢.
ÕÞµcJßW ÉáÄßÏ æÄxáµZ Øã×í¿ßºîÞW ¦ÈáÉÞÄßµÎÞÏß
ÎÞVAá µáùÏíAâ.
(i)
c−p hm¡pIÄ¡nSbv¡v Zp:J¯nÂ, au\¯n AÑ\pw
aI\pw AdnhpIÄ X½n ssIamdn.
1
OR
c−p hm¡pIÄ¡nSbv¡v Zp:J¯nÂ, au\¯n AÑ\pw
aI\pw AdnhpIÄ ]ckv]cw ssIamdn.

(ii) C\n hn¡m³ ho«n BsI tijn¡p¶Xv \mtem At©m
ackv]qWpIÄ am{XamWv.
OR
C\n hn¡m³ ho«n BsI tijn¨n«pffXv \me©v
ackv]qWpIÄ am{XamWv. 1
OR
C\n hn¡m³ ho«n BsI tijn¨n«pffXv \mev
Asæn A©v ackv]qWpIÄ am{XamWv.

(d) ÉßøßæºîÝáÄß Øtß ÈßVHÏßAáµ. (ÖøßÏÞÏß
ÉßøßæºîÝáÄßÏßGßæÜïCßW Øtß ÖøßÏÞÏÞÜᢠÎÞVAí ÈWµÞX
ÉÞ¿ßÜï.)
IS§Ä þ ISw + IÄ (BtZikÔn)
(i) ½+
½
(ii) BscmcmÄ þ Bcv + HcmÄ (tem] kÔn)
OR ½+
BscmcmÄ þ Bscmcp + BÄ(tem] kÔn) ½
(e) Õßd·Ùߺîí ØÎÞØ¢ ÈßVHÏßAáµ.(ÖøßÏÞÏß Õßd·ÙߺîßGßæÜïCßW
ØÎÞØ¢ ÖøßÏÞæÃCßÜᢠÎÞVAí ÈWµÞX ÉÞ¿ßÜï)

samgn¨´w þ samgnbpsS N´w
(kw_ÔnIm XXv]pcpj³)
(i) ½+
• XXv]pcpj≥ F∂p am{Xw FgpXnbm¬ am¿°v
½
\¬tI- Xn√.

½+
(ii) ]qcnXm` þ ]qcnXamb B` (IÀ½[mcmb³)
½
(f) ÉøcÞÏ¢

[¯æÄCßÜᢠøæIH¢ ÖøßÏÞAßÏÞW ÎáÝáÕX ÎÞVAá¢
ÈWµÃ¢. ¥æÜïCßW ¦ÈáÉÞÄßµÎÞÏß ÎÞVAí \ÂImw]

(i) kzÀ®w þ s]m¶v , kphÀWw, lncWyw, (1)
I\Iw, tlaw, lmSIw, X]\obw, imXIpw`w,
KmwtKbw, `À½w, IÀ_pcw, NmaoIcw, PmXcq]w,
almcPXw, Im©\w, cpIvaw, ImÀ¯kzcw,
Pmw_q\Zw, AjvSm]Zw

(ii) IWvTw þ Kfw, Igp¯v, {Kohw, IÔcw, (1)
intcm[n

(g) \m\mÀ°w
[GsX¦nepw cs−®w icnbm¡nbm apgph³ amÀ¡pw
\ÂImw. Asæn B\p]mXnIambn amÀ¡v \ÂImw]

(i) tImSn þ ]p¯³ hkv{Xw, Hcp kwJy, \qdv e£w, (1)
DbÀ¶ Øm\w, hmbv¯e, A{K`mKw,
AXncv, Iq«w, hnÃnsâbpw N{µ¡ebpsSbpw
IqÀ¯ Aäw, ta¡qcbpsS tImWv,
tImSpI F¶Xnsâ ]qÀÆcq]w, aqe,
Hcp Xcw sNSn, hmZapJw

(ii) A¦w þ bp²w, ASbmfw, aSn¯«v, cmPmhn\v
\ÂIp¶ \nIpXn, Ahbhw, £ucw, (1)
I«nÂ, kwJy, \mSI¯nse Hcp `mKw,
Øew, hfhv, B`cWw, Ae¦mcw,
ZpjvIÀ½w, ]ng, If¦w

4
(a) ÕßÉøàÄÉÆ¢ ®ÝáÄáµ

(i) clnXw X klnXw (1)

(ii) hntbmKw X kwtbmKw (1)
• tbmKw Fs∂gpXnbm¬ am¿°v \¬IcpXv
(b) ¥VjÕcÄcÞØ¢ ®ÝáÄáµ
½+
(i) A\pkrXw þ A\pkcn¨v ½
A\pkyqXw þ CSXShnÃmsX

B[n þ DXvIWvT ½+
(ii) hym[n þ tcmKw þþ ½

(c) FXnÀenwKw FgpXpI

N]e³ þ N]e
(i) (1)
am{´nI³ þ am{´nI þþ
(ii) (1)
SECTION – D – LITERATURE / Áß ÕßÍÞ·¢
LITERATURE
Note:- The objective of this section is to test a candidate’s
ability to understand, explain and interpret the prescribed
text through short and long answer type questions. Hence
both content and expression in answers to the given questions
deserve equal importance while awarding marks. [36]
5 (a)
(i) hbemÀ cmahÀ½ ½
hnthInIÄ
(ii) ½
e£vaW³ (i{XpLv\³ kpan{Xm]p{X\msW¦nepw
(iii) kuan{Xn F¶ t]cv cqVn BbXv ½
e£vaW\mWv, {iocma³
ZmicYnbmbXpt]mse)

sshtem¸nffn ½
(iv)
( b)
(i) Jkm¡nsâ CXnlmkw ½

(ii) BZchv ½

(iii) Aiz°mamhv ½

½
(iv) F.]n. DZb`m\p
6. ÄKßøßAáK çºÞÆcBZAáU ÖøßÏÞÏå©JøBZAí ÎáÝáÕX
ÎÞVAᢠÈWµÞ¢. ®ÜïÞ ©JøB{áæ¿Ïᢠ¦Îá¶ÎÞÏß
d·sµÞøæÈÏᢠµãÄßæÏÏᢠµáùߺîí ØâºÈÏáIÞÏßøßAâ.
¥ÄßÈí ½ ÎÞVAí ÈßÖíºÏߺîßøßAáKá.
6 (a) BapJw
IÀ¯mhv : sshtem¸nffn
(i) ]mTw : HmWapä¯v (hnS)

HmW¡me¯v ae\mSnsâ hmbphnÂt¸mepw 4
a[ptcmZmc`mhw þ Xp¼, ap¡pän, s\¿m¼Â, Ihp§n³
]qhcn XpS§nb ]q¡Ä amthen a¶s\ kzoIcn¡m³
X¿mdmhp¶ coXnbpw, Cu \Ã AXnYnsb hcthev¡m³
D®nIfpw AeISepw sIm¨cphnIfpw sNdpI\yIfpw
\nev¡p¶ coXnIfpwþ HmW]pecnbpsS at\mlmcnX.
(ii) BapJw

IÀ¯mhv : hn.a[pkqZ\³ \mbÀ
]mTw : A½bpsS Fgp¯pIÄ(KmÔn)

Hcp Ip«nbpsS PohnX¯n A½bv¡pw amXr`mjbv¡pw
XpeyØm\w. amXr`mjbpsS CuWhpw Xmfhpw
samgn¨´hpw A½bv¡v am{Xw Xcm³ Ignbp¶ sh×bpw
c−pt]cpw Hcpt]mse AhImis¸Sp¶p.A½bpw
amXr`mjbpw Imhembn ]nt¼ ]d¡p¶ IpfnÀabpw
cà¯nse NqSmbn \n¡p¶ X·bpw Xmfhpambn \½nÂ
\ne\n¡p¶p. F{X ad¶mepw A½ HtcmÀ½bmbv, 4
BZnakwKoXambv h¶v CSbv¡nsS aqfp¶Xpt]mse
amXr`mjbpw a[pcamb HtcmÀ½bmbv a\ÊnÂ
Ahtijn¡p¶p.

(iii) BapJw

IÀ¯mhv : Fgp¯Ñ³
]mTw : e£vaWkm´z\w

(A[ymßcmambWw Infn¸m«v)

hnÑn¶m`ntjI¯nsâ Zp:Jw sIm−v
t{Im[mhnjvS\mb e£vaWs\ {iocma³
km´z\n¸n¡p¶XmWv ]mT`mKw. t{Im[w AhnthI¯nÂ
\n¶pw P\n¡p¶XmWv. AXv [À½£b¯n\pw tam£
hnLv\¯n\pw a\kvXm]¯n\pw CShcp¯pw.
amXmhnt\bpw ]nXmhnt\bpw ktlmZct\bpw 4
an{X§tfbpw tZjyw aqew a\pjy³ sImÃm³ hsc
X¿mdmIp¶p. t{Im[w aqew a\pjyÀ¡v PohnXw
IqSpX k¦oÀ®amImw. AXv kzÀ½s¯ CÃmXm¡p¶p.
BbXn\m _p[P\§Ä t{Im[w Dt]£n¡Ww.
6 (b) ¦Îᶢ.
IÀ¯mhv: µáGßµã×íÃÎÞøÞøíå
ÉÞÀ¢ : ÏáiJßæa ÉøßÃÞ΢ (ÍÞøÄÉøc¿È¢)

(i) {]KÛ\mb t{ZmWcpsS ]p{X\mbncp¶n«pw
{_mÒW\mbncp¶n«pw ]Ibpw {]XnImchpw {IqcXbpw
AhnthIhpw A{Iahmk\bpw \ndªp\n¡p¶ 4
IYm]m{Xw þ kµÀt`mNnXamb hniZoIcWw.
(lo\hpw \oNhpamb a\Ênsâ DSaþ Im]pcpj\pw
]m]nbpw _mePohnXLmXnbpw NncRvPohnbpambnþ
cp¶n«pw im]taÂt¡−n h¶h\pamWv.)
(ii) BapJw

IÀ¯mhv : F.]n. DZb`m\p
]mTw : sIm¨pN¡c¨n
sIm¨pN¡c¨n F¶ t]cnsâ Acpa¯wþ Ip«nIÄ¡v
am§s]mgn¨p sImSp¡p¶ hmÕeyw þ
\mhp−mbncps¶¦n IpSpw_¯nsâ IY ]dbpambncp¶p þ
AhÄ t\cpffhÄ F¶ A½bpsS hnizmkw þ AXv AhÄ
Im¯Xnsâ coXn þ Ipet{ijvTbmbn IW¡m¡p¶Xv þ 4
A½bv¡v sIm¨pN¡c¨n aIÄ Xs¶ Bbncp¶p.

(iii) BapJw
IÀ¯mhv : s]cp¼Shw {io[c³
]mTw : Bßmhnsâ shfn]mSpIÄ
(Hcp k¦oÀ¯\w t]mse)

Zpc´§Ä¡nSbnepw ZkvXtbhvkvIn PohnXs¯
kvt\ln¡p¶pþ PohnX¯nse lrZyamb HmÀ½IfmWv Hcp
Xc¯n ]dªm B PohnXs¯ \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xv

þssa¡nfnsâ DSaØXbnepff ‘Ft¸m¡v’ F¶
{]kn²oIcWhpw AXn kmlnXy PohnX¯nse
\mgnI¡Ãmbncp¶ ‘At[mXe¡pdn¸pIÄ’
{]kn²oIcn¨Xvþ `mcybmb tacntbmsSm¯pff PohnXw þ
Xsâ PohnX¯n I−n«pff Gähpw \à kv{Xo F¶
k¦ev]w, A¶tbmsSm¯pff \nanj§Ä þ skâv]otägvkv 4
s_ÀKv F¶ \Kchpw {]im´amb ImgvNIfpw lrZyamb
HmÀ½IfmIp¶p.

7 [ºGOß ØbÞÎßµZ ]
GsX¦nepw c−ptNmZy§Ä¡v D¯cw FgpXpI

(i) ¦Îᶢ
PohnXamWv ktµiw þefnX PohnXwþkzmanIfpsS
Alnwkmkn²m´w. PmXnclnXamb Hcp kaqlw
sI«n¸Sp¡m\pff Xmev]cyw þ Úm\ k¼mZ\¯n\pff
Xzc þ {_mÒWm[n]Xy¯n s\Xnscbpff i_vZapbÀ¯Â
þ AÔhnizmk§Äs¡Xnsc {]XnIcn¡Â þ thZ§fpw 4
D]\nj¯pIfpw km[mcW¡mÀ¡v {]m]yam¡nbXv þ
]c¼cmKX k¶ymk¯n\v ]pd¯pff kmXznI PohnXw.
¦Îᶢ

(ii) PmXobamb D¨\oNXz§Äs¡Xnsc {]XnIcn¡Â þ
{_mÒWm[n]Xys¯ shÃphnfn¨Xv þ thZ§fpw
D]\nj¯pIfpw km[mcW¡mÀ¡v {]m]yam¡nbXv þ
kzkapZmb¯nse Agp¡pIÄ \o¡m\pff bXv\w þ 4
a\pjy\·bv¡pw aX\·bv¡pw th−nbpff {]hÀ¯\§Ä
þ kv{Xo]pcpj kaXz¯n\p th−nbpff ]cn{ia§Ä þ
{KÙcN\bneqsS hcp¯nb amä§Ä þ ]n¡me kmaqly
]cnjvIÀ¯m¡Ä¡v hgnIm«n .

¦Îᶢ
(iii) Xsâ {]uVn ImWn¡phm³ kzmanIsf DtZymKØ\mb
kplr¯v hncp¶n\v £Wn¡p¶Xvþ hncp¶n\v kzmanIÄ h¨
D]m[nþ kZybv¡v Häbvs¡¯nb kzmanIÄþ kZy
XpS§nbt¸mÄ kw`hn¨ AÛpXwþ AÛpX¯n\v kzmanIÄ 4
\ÂInb hymJym\w