NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science (Geography) Chapter 1 Resources and Development

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 10th

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Class : 10th
Subject : Geography
Chapter : 1
Chapter Name : Resources And Development

Q1 Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable

(ii) Under which of the following type of resource tidal energy cannot be put?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-recyclable

(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over irrigation
(d) Overgrazing

(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?
(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand

(v) In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand

Answer. (i) (d) Non-renewable
(ii) (a) Replenishable
(iii) (c) Over irrigation
(iv) (d) Uttarakhand
(v) (b) Gujarat

Page : 12 , Block Name : Exercises

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features
of this type of soil.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.

Answer. (i) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
Black soil is ideal for growing cotton.
(ii) Alluvial soil
Alluvial soils are very fertile. They are ideal for growing sugarcane, wheat and paddy. As it has
more kankar nodules, old alluvial is less fertile than new alluvial.
(iii) In the hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by ploughing across contour lines, making
use of terrace farming techniques and using strips of grass to check erosion by wind and water.
(iv) Biotic resources are composed of living things, and are derived from the biosphere, e.g.,
human beings, sheries and livestock.
Abiotic resources are composed of non-living things, e.g., metals and rocks.

Q3 Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much
since 1960-61?
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

Answer. (i) Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land,
land meant for pasture and grazing, and waste land. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert
areas, and land used for other non-agricultural purposes such as housing, roads and industry.
According to the recent data, about 54% of the total land area is cultivable or fallow, 22.5% is
covered by forests, and 3.45% is used for grazing. The rest is waste land, with traces of
miscellaneous cultivation.
The improper use of forest land has degraded the available land area, and has made
conservation of forests dif cult. Human activities such as deforestation, mining and quarrying
have contributed to the slow growth rate of forests. Thus, land under forest has increased by
only about 4% since 1960-61.
(ii) Technical and economic development have led to more consumption of resources on
account of various factors. In colonial times, imperial powers would use their technological
and economic superiority to establish control over other countries and thereby gain access to
the latter’s resources. Now, one country’s resources became accessible to the citizens of its
colonial ruler too, leading to increased consumption. Also, on account of technical and
economic progress, populations are increasing due to low mortality at all ages. With the
development of medicine and health care, fewer people die due to accidents, diseases, in

childbirth etc. This too has contributed to higher consumption of resources.