NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science (Geography) Mineral and Power Resources [Old Book]

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 8TH

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Book : Resource And Development Ncert Solutions | Chapter-3 Geography

Class : 8th
Subject : Geography
Chapter : 3
Chapter Name : Mineral and Power Resources

Q1 Identify the Canadian Shield, the Appalachians, Western Cordilleras and Lake Superior
with the help of an atlas.

Answer. DIY

Page : 25 , Block Name : Let’s do

Q1 List uses of any ve minerals.

Answer. DIY

Page : 26 , Block Name : Let’s do

Q1 Answer the following questions.
(i) Name any three common minerals used by you every day.
(ii) What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?
(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources.
(iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for
(a) rural areas
(b) coastal areas
(c) Arid regions
(v) Give ve ways in which you can save energy at home.

Answer. (i) Three common minerals used every day:
(a) Copper − Electric wires
(b) Talc − Talcum powder
(c) Lead − Batteries
(ii) Ores are the rocks from which minerals are mined. The ores of metallic minerals are
generally found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations that form large plateaus.
(iii) Russia and the United Kingdom are the two regions rich in natural gas resources.
(iv)
(a) Biogas energy for rural areas
(b) Hydel and tidal energy for coastal areas
(c) Wind and solar energy for arid regions
(v) Five ways in which energy can be saved at home:

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Book : Resource And Development Ncert Solutions | Chapter-3 Geography

(a) Switching off lights, fans and other electrical appliances when not in use
(b) By seeing to it that electrical devices are operating ef ciently; for example, defrosting
refrigerator regularly and not keeping the refrigerator door open for longer than necessary
(c) Using energy-ef cient devices such as uorescent bulbs and tubes
(d) Using energy ef ciently while cooking; for example, keeping the lids of pans on while
cooking
(e) Unplugging electrical devices when not in use prevents leakage of electricity; thus saving
energy

Page : 34 , Block Name : Exercises

Q2 Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
(a) They are created by natural processes.
(b) They have a de nite chemical composition.
(c) They are inexhaustible.
(d) Their distribution is uneven.
(ii) Which one of the following is a leading producer of copper in the world?
(a) Bolivia
(b) Ghana
(c) Chile
(d) Zimbabwe
(iii) Which one of the following practices will NOT conserve LPG in your kitchen.
(a) Soaking the dal for some time before cooking it.
(b) Cooking food in a pressure cooker.
(c) Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking.
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low ame.

Answer. (i)-(c)
(ii)-(b)
(iii)-(c)
(iii)-(d)

Q3 Give reasons.
(i) Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.
(ii) Most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
(iii) Petroleum is referred to as “black gold”.
(iv) Quarrying can become a major environmental concern.

Answer. (i) Dams help in creating hydroelectric power, which solves the energy problems of a
region. They also help farmers as the water released from dams is used for irrigation. However,
dams have a negative impact on the environment as well. They adversely affect the
surrounding ecosystems by destroying the local ora and fauna, by displacing the local

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Book : Resource And Development Ncert Solutions | Chapter-3 Geography

community, by changing the natural course of rivers, etc. Therefore, before a dam is built at a
site, it should be ascertained whether its bene ts justify the damages that it would inevitably
cause to the various ecosystems. If they do justify, then steps should be taken to minimise the
damages to the ora and fauna, and to relocate the local community. But if they don’t, then
environmental conservation should be given the priority over the building of the dam.
(ii) Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel. It is widely used as a source of energy. It is also used
as a raw material in several industries. Most industries are located around coal mines as being
situated close to coal mines proves to be cost effective. Coal can easily be transported from the
mines to the industries, and this reduces both time and cost of transportation.
(iii)The term “black gold” is used with reference to petroleum and its various derivatives. The
word “black” refers to the colour of petroleum in its crude form. The word “gold” implies that
petroleum and all the various products of petroleum (like diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax,
plastics and lubricants) are as valuable to human society as the metal gold.
(iv) Quarrying is an extraction process by which minerals lying near the Earth’s surface are dug
out. This process can adversely affect the environment in different ways. The digging involves
clearing of vegetation. This destroys the top soil, which contains the humus required for plant
growth. The quarrying process involves the use of explosives and earth-moving equipments.
These cause noise pollution, and may also damage nearby buildings, dams or other such
structures. The dust generated during quarrying and the fossil fuels burnt while operating the
equipments contribute to air pollution, which in turn affects the health of the miners and the
local population.

Q4 Distinguish between the followings.
(i) Conventional and non conventional sources of energy
(ii) Biogas and natural gas
(iii) Ferrous and nonferrous minerals
(iv) Metallic and nonmetallic minerals

Answer. (i) Conventional sources of energy -
(a) Have been in common use for a long time
(b) Are generally exhaustible
(c) Are mostly polluting
(d) Example: Firewood, coal

Non-conventional sources of energy -
(a) Are not commonly used
(b) Are generally inexhaustible
(c) Are mostly non-polluting
(d) Example: Solar energy, nuclear energy

(ii) Biogas-
(a) Formed using organic wastes such as dead plant and animal matter, animal dung and
kitchen waste

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Book : Resource And Development Ncert Solutions | Chapter-3 Geography

(b) Is a non-conventional source of energy
(c) Is easily available, especially in rural areas
(d) Is polluting; causes greenhouse effect as it releases carbon dioxide
(e) Used as a domestic fuel for cooking and lighting

Natural Gas-
(a) Found along with petroleum deposits and gets released when crude oil is brought to the
surface
(b) Is a conventional source of energy
(c) Is not easily available; very few countries have suf cient natural gas reserves of their own
(d) Is a cleaner fuel
(e) Used as a domestic fuel as well as an industrial fuel

(iii) Ferrous mineral-
(a) A metallic mineral that contains iron
(b) Example: Iron ore, manganese

Non Ferrous mineral-
(a) A metallic mineral that does not contain iron
(b) Example: Gold, silver

(iv) Metallic mineral-
(a) A mineral containing metal in raw form
(b) Example: Bauxite, iron ore

Non Metallic mineral-
(a) A mineral not containing metal
(b) Example: Limestone, gypsum

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