JEE Main 2023 Syllabus for Physics

PHYSICS
UNIT 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT
Physics, technology, and society, S I Units, fundamental and derived units, least count,
accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, Errors in measurement, Dimensions of
Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.

UNIT 2: KINEMATICS
The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position- time graph, speed and velocity;
Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly
accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated
motion, Scalars and Vectors, Vector. Addition and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector
products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile
Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.

UNIT 3: LAWS OF MOTION
Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion,
Impulses; Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its
applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.
Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications.

UNIT 4: WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER
Work done by a content force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy
theorem, power.

The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and
neoconservative forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

UNIT5: ROTATIONAL MOTION
Centre of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts
of rotational motion; a moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular
momentum and its applications; the moment of inertia, the radius of gyration. Values of
moments of inertia for

simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications.
Rigid body rotation equations of rotational motion.

UNIT 6: GRAVITATION
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and
depth. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential.
Escape velocity, Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo stationary satellites.

UNIT 7: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS

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Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law. Young's modulus, bulk modulus,
modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Viscosity.
Stokes' law. terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow. Reynolds number. Bernoulli's
principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application
of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion;
specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer-conduction,
convection, and radiation. Newton's law of cooling.
UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature. Heat, work,
and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics:
reversible and irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.
UNIT 9: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases -
assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of gas
molecules: Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat
capacities of gases; Mean free path. Avogadro's number.
UNIT 10: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
Periodic motion - period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions.
Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring -restoring
force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum
- derivation of expression for its time period: Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance.

Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave. Displacement relation for
a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, a reflection of waves. Standing waves
in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics. Beats. Doppler Effect in sound

UNIT 11: ELECTROSTATICS
Electric charges: Conservation of charge. Coulomb's law forces between two point charges,
forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric
field due to a dipole. Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.

Electric flux. Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly
charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin
spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and
system of charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point
charges in an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, the combination of
capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without
dielectric medium between the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor.
UNIT 12: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

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Electric current. Drift velocity. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance. Resistances of different
materials. V-l characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors. Electrical energy and power.
Electrical resistivity. Colour code for resistors; Series and parallel combinations of resistors;
Temperature dependence of resistance.
Electric Cell and its Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, a combination of
cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre
Bridge. Potentiometer - principle and its applications.

UNIT 13: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM
Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its
applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving
charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two
parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current
loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and
conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent
solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and
ferromagnetic substances. Magnetic susceptibility and permeability. Hysteresis.
Electromagnets and permanent magnets.
UNIT 14: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS
Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law. Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law, Eddy
currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating
current/ voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance: Quality factor, power
in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.
UNIT 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves,
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays.
Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.
UNIT 16: OPTICS
Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula. Total internal
reflection and its applications. Deviation and Dispersion of light by a; prism; Lens Formula.
Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Microscope and
Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their magnifying powers.

Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws of reflection and refraction using
Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe
width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit,
width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes.
Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.
UNIT 17: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

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Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's
photoelectric equation: particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie
relation. Davisson-Germer experiment.
UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEI
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels,
hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars:
isotones. Radioactivity- alpha. beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive
decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with
mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion.

UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: 1-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode
as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED. the photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener
diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor:
transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR.
AND. NOT. NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch.

UNIT 20: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky and space wave propagation.
Need for modulation. Amplitude and Frequency Modulation, Bandwidth of signals. the
bandwidth of Transmission medium, Basic Elements of a Communication System (Block
Diagram only).

UNIT 21: EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
1. Vernier calipers-its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
2. Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.
3. Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude
and time.
4. Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments.
5. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
6. Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents,
7. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given
spherical body,
8. Plotting a cooling curve for the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time.
9. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube,
10. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
11. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge.
12. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law.
13. Potentiometer-
i. Comparison of emf of two primary cells.
ii. Determination of internal resistance of a cell.
14. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.

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15. The focal length of;
(i) Convex mirror
(ii) Concave mirror, and
(ii) Convex lens, using the parallax method.
16. The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
17. Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
18. Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
19. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
20. Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current gain and voltage gain.
21. Identification of Diode. LED, Transistor. IC. Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection
of such items.
22. Using a multimeter to:

(i) Identify the base of a transistor
(ii) Distinguish between NPN and PNP type transistor
(iii) See the unidirectional current in case of a diode and an LED.
(iv) Check the correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor, or
IC).

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