Telangana Class 12 Syllabus 2024 Geography

Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education
Intermediate Second Year
Geography
Syllabus (w.e.f. 2020-21)

Part - A
Unit 1: Human Geography
Meaning, Nature, scope and relevance of Human Geography ; Man - Environment relationships ;
Branches of Human Geography - their general characteristics ;
Unit 2 : World Population
Distribution, density of population, Growth of population in the world.
Composition of population : Age and Sex.
Factors affecting / influencing distribution of population,
Migration : Internal and international; Causes and consequences
Human Development : concepts, Indicators and world patterns
Unit 3 : Economic Geography
Economic Geography : Definition, Scope and Significance ;
Sectors of Economic activity : Concepts, changing trends.
Primary Activities : Concepts, changing trends.
Food gathering, pastoral, mining and subsistence agriculture.
Modern agriculture, people engaged in agricultural and allied activities.
Fisheries - factors and important fishing grounds ;
agriculture regions of the world.
SecondaryActivities : Concepts. Manufacturing industries : Locational factors, types - distribution
and production - Agro based : Textile (cotton), forest based (paper), Mineral based (Iron and
steel) : Petro - chemical.
Small scale manufacturing industries : locational factors, distribution and production.
People engaged in secondary activities examples
Tertiary Economic activities : Concepts, Trade, Transport and tourism ; services, people
engaged in the tertiary activities with some examples
Quarternry Economic activities : Concepts, people engaged in the quaternary with some
examples.
Unit 4 : World Transport and Trade
Relative significance of different means of transport - Land transport, Railways - trans continental
railways, Air ways and Water ways.
Factors affecting land, water and air transport ;
World oceanic routes ; important inland waterways and important canals ;
International trade - Impact of globalization and economic development.
Role of WTO in International trade (World Trade Organization)

Unit 5 : Environment and Resources
Resources : Definition, Classificaiton - Resource depletion
Environment : Meaning, definition and components ;
Environmental conservation and management ; sustainable development.
Unit 6 : Human Settlements
Settlement types - rural and urban ; urbanization trends and consequences
Part - B : Geography of India

Unit 7 : Physiography
Locational characteristics ; Physical setting ; Physiographic divisions; Geology, Drainage
system : The Himalayan and Peninsular System
Unit 8 : Climate
Origin of monsoon, climatic regions in India ; distribution of temperature and rainfall
Soils : Types and distribution, characteristics ; Soil degration and conservation
Vegetation : Types and distribution Wild life conservation, Biosphere reserves
Unit 9 : Population
Population : Size, Growth, Distribution and Density from 1901-2011 ; demographic
characteristics : literacy, sex ratio ; regional variations in population growth,
Trends of Urbanization, population problems.
Migration : International, National, causes and consequences.
Human Development : Introduction and Regional Pattern
Unit 10 : Resources
Mineral and Energy Resource Base : distribution and production Minerals - Iron ore,
Manganese and Bauxite ;
Power resources - Coal, Petroleum and natural gas, hydroelectric power ; Non -
conventional sources of energy (Solar, Wind and Biogas), Conservation of Resources.
Unit 11 : Land Resources
Agriculture : General Land Use, Land Use Classification Distribution and production of
Major Crops - wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, caster and ground nut, Coffee and tea - their
distribution, production and trade ;
Impacts of Green revolution on Indian agriculture ;
Problems of Indian agriculture. Land Degradation
Unit 12 : Water Resources
Irrigation and Power : Types of Irrigation, Wells, canals and tanks ; Major multipurpose
projects : Bakra Nangal, Nagarujuna Sagar, Narmada and Damodar Valley Corporation.
Rain Water Harvesting and Watershed Management.

Unit 13 : Industries
Location factors, growth, distribution and trade
Iron and Steel, Petro Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Knowledge based industries (IT),
Globalization and Economic Development, SEZs
Unit 14 : Transport and Trade
Means of transport ; roadways, railways, airways and water ways, Major ports of India’s
International trade.
Part C - Telangana
Unit 15 : Telangana
Administrative regions ; physiography, Geology, Drainage :
Unit 16 : Climate
Distribution of climate, temperature and rainfall.
Soils : Types and distribution, characteristics ; Soil degradation and conservation
Vegetation : Types and distribution
Unit 17 : Population
Size, Growth, Distribution and Density from 1961-2011 ; demographic characteristics :
literacy, sex ratio ; Rural and Urban populations.

Second Year Practical Syllabus
Representation of Data

1. Diagrammatic Representation of Geographical Data: Types and their uses ;
One - Dimensional : Line diagram, bar diagrams - simple bar, compound bar, multiple
bar diagram ; pyramid diagram - age - sex pyramid.
Two - dimensional : Square and Rectangular diagrams, Pie diagram ;
Three- Dimensional : Cube and Sphere diagrams.
2. Distribution maps : Dot, Isopleth maps - uses, merits and demerits, Choropleth,
Chorochromatic and choroschematic methods and their charactristics, Isotherm,
Isobars and Isohyets.
3. Sources and Data : Tabulation and Classification of Data ; Frequency Distribution,
Histogram, Frequency Polygon and Ogive Curve.
4. Measures of Central Tendency : Mean Median and Mode. Measures of dispersion :
Range, Quartiles, Mean Diviation and Standard Deviation, relative measure of
dispersion.
5. Introduction to GIS : Introduction Geographical Information System (GIS) and
Global Positioning System (GPS).