NIOS Class 12 Syllabus 2023 Business Studies

SYLLABUS
COMMERCE
(Business Studies)

1. RATIONALE world of employment/self-employment by creating
an interest in them for vocational activities.
The trend today in business is towards globalization. DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS
The entire world has become one big market.
Development in transportation and communication S.NO. CORE MODULES MARKS HOURS
has played a significant role in unifying varrious 1. Introduction to Business 16 40
countries of the world. Business activities play a
vital role in the development of a country. Its 2. Business as a Career 8 10
increasing contribution to production of goods and 3. Trade and Service Activities 16 40
services measures the level of growth in an economy.
Today goods are produced and sold in anticipation 4. Management of Business 16 40
of demand. Business as an activity has become more 5. Financing of Business 12 30
complex and sensitive. It is also exposed to greater
risks and uncertainties. Hence the activity requires a 6. Marketing 12 30
systematic learning and professional handling.
The current syllabus is designed to cater to the needs OPTIONAL MODULES
of National Open School students in various areas
of business studies. It aims at creating an interest CHOOSE ANY ONE OUT OF FOUR
and understanding in the area of trade, and its MODULES
auxiliaries, management, finance, and marketing and 7. Office procedures and Practices
would enable the students to acquire the necessary
8. Practical Banking 20 50
knowledge and skills. The scope of business as a
career is also highlighted. 9. Introduction to Factory Set-up
The entire course content is divided into core and 10. Agency Services
optional modules. Learning experiences considered
essential for business studies are described in core Total 100 240
modules, whereas practice oriented areas have been
covered in optional modules.
The optional modules of the syllabus are based on AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE
vocational areas e.g. office procedures and practices, COURSE
banking, setting up factories, and agency services. GENERAL OBJECTIVES
The modules would help the learners to enter the
1. The main objectives is to prepare the learners for

Syllabus :: 2 Syllabus :: 2

activities related to trade and commerce. with the nature and scope of business, and the
different forms of business organisations.
2. To enable the learners to acquire knowledge,
understanding and skill in business and
management.
Understanding of human activities and knowledge of
3. To create an interest in trade and auxiliaries and
various forms of business organisation.
various kinds of services.
4. To educate the learner about the role of business CONTENT UNITS
in the economy and its social obligation to the
Unit. 1 Nature and scope of Business.
community.
Unit. 2 Forms of Business Organisation:
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Sole Proprietorship, Joint Hindu
1. To acquaint the learner with the nature and scope Family, Partnership, Joint Stock
of business and form of business organisation Company, Co-operative Society-
and its suitability. characteristics.
2. To make them aware about the concept of trade- Suitability of different forms of
internal and external and activities auxiliary to Business organisation.
trade.
3. To develop in them awareness about managerial
skills like planning organising, staffing, directing MODUL- II: BUSINESS AS A
and controlling. CAREER
4. To make them understand the concept of business TIME : 10 HOURS MARKS : 8
finance sources (long-term, short-term), financial APPROACH:
institutions and their services.
This module explains business as a career, need for
5. To develop in them the understanding of employment, avenues of employment and concept
marketing, channels of distribution, sales of self-employment. It analyses and identifies various
promotion, advertising and personal selling. jop opportunities in offices and business in general.
6. To make them aware about avenues of It also describes the procedure of establishing a
employment, career development and self- small enterprise.
employment, office procedure and practices,
functions of commercial funds, factory set-up and PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE :
agency services. Understanding of the nature and scope of business.

CONTENT UNITS :
CORE MODULES
Unit. 1 Concept of career, need for
MODULE-I: INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS employment. Avenues of employment
TIME: 40 HOURS MARKS: 16 and career in business through wage-
employment.
Unit. 2 Self - employment in business and
This module is designed to acquaint the learners

Syllabus :: 3

qualities required for success in with the concepts, general principles and functions
business. of business management.
Unit. 3 How to establish a business
PRE - REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE:
enterprise.
General idea about management and role of
MODULE-III : TRADE AND managers.
SERVICE ACTIVITIES
TIME : 40 HOURS MARKS: 16 CONTENT UNITS

APPROACH: Unit. 1 Introduction to Management:
Definition, nature and scope of
This module is designed to familiarise the learner management, concept of scientific
with the importance of the different types of trade management and principles of general
and its auxiliaries management.

PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: Unit. 2 Planning: Meaning and process.

General knowledge of various concepts of trade and Unit. 3 Organising: Process of organising.
its auxiliaries. Unit. 4 Staffing: Recruitment and Selection of
employees, their training and
CONTENT UNITS: development, appraisal and
Unit. 1 Trade and auxiliaries to trade. promotion.

Unit. 2 Internal Trade: Meaning of Retail and Unit. 5 Directing: Meaning and importance of
Wholesale Trade, Services of communication, motivation, leadership
wholesaler and Retailer. and supervision.

Specialised Retailing Agencies: Unit. 6 Co-ordination and Controlling:
Departmental Stores, Multiple Shops, Meaning and process.
Mail Order Houses, Super Bazars -
their characteristics, merits and
demerits. MODULE-V: FINANCING OF
BUSINESS
Unit. 3 External Trade: Procedure of Export
and Import Trade, Main documents TIME : 30 HOURS MARKS : 12
used in Foreign Trade.
Unit.4 Service Activities: Transport,
This module is to introduce the learner with different
Communication, Postal Services,
sources of finance and financial institutions.
Banking and Insurance.
MODULE-IV : MANAGEMENT OF
BUSINESS General understanding of the basic concepts of
financing of business.
TIME: 40 HOURS MARKS: 16
APPROACH: CONTENT UNITS :

This module is designed to acquaint the learners Unit. 1 Introduction to Business Financing.

Syllabus :: 4

Unit. 2 Sources of Short-Term Finance - machines.
Nature and characteristics.
PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE :
Unit. 3 Sources of Long-Term Finance-
Nature and characteristics. General understanding of office functions.
Unit. 4 Role of Specialised Financial
CONTENT UNITS:
Institutions- Objectives and functions
of IFCI, IDBI, ICICI, UTI and Unit. 1 Nature and Functions of office.
SFCs, related to financing of business.
Unit. 2 Office set-up: Type of Jobs in a
MODULE-VI : MARKETING modern office.

TIME : 30 HOURS MARKS: 12 Unit. 3 Handling inward and outward mail.

APPROACH: Unit. 4 Systems of filing and indexing.

This module is designed to acquaint the learners Unit. 5 Office equipments and machines.
with various elements of marketing mix.

PRE- REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE : MODULE-VIII : PRACTICAL
General idea of market, marketing, advertisement BANKING
and selling. TIME : 50 HOURS MARKS : 20

CONTENT UNITS: APPROACH:

Unit. 1 Meaning, objectives, nature and scope of This module is designed to acquaint the learners
marketing. with various transactions and services of commercial
banks.
Unit. 2 Marketing mix.
Unit. 3 Channels of distribution. PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE :

Unit. 4 Sales promotion. General idea about banks and their functions.

Unit. 5 Advertising.
Unit. 6 Personal selling. CONTENT UNITS :
OPTIONAL MODULES Unit. 1 Nature and Scope of Banking. Types
of Banks.
CHOOSE ANY ONE OUT OF FOUR
Unit. 2 Functions of Commercial Banks.
MODULE-VII : OFFICE PROCEDURES AND
PRACTICES Unit. 3 Opening and operating of Deposit
Accounts.
TIME : 50 HOURS MARKS: 20
Unit. 4 Loans and Advances.
Unit. 5 Other Banking Services.
This module is designed to acquaint the learners
with the concept of office and its set-up, various
office activities and use of office equipments and

Syllabus :: 5

MODULE-IX : INTRODUCTION TO AGENCY AVENUES
FACTORY SET-UP Unit. 2 Types of Agency Services. Insurance
TIME : 50 HOURS MARKS : 20 Agency, Saving Agency, Advertising
Agency, Tours and Travel Agency,
APPROACH: Property Agency, Couriers and
This module is designed to acquaint the learners Packing Agency.
with the service , working conditions and provisions Unit. 3 How to secure agencies?
of health, safety, and welfare measures in factories.
– Insurance Agency.
PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE – Saving Agency.
General understanding of the concept of a – Tours and Travel Agency.
manufacturing unit.

CONTENT UNITS:
Unit. 1 Nature and characteristics of factories.
Unit. 2 Health and welfare measures in
factories.
Unit. 3 Safety measures in factories.
Unit. 4 Working and service conditions in
factories.

MODULE-X : AGENCY SERVICES
TIME : 50 HOURS MARKS : 20
This module identifies the key activities involved in
rendering various agency services. It also acquaints
the learner with relevant documents and proforma.

General idea about various agency services and their
relationship with business.

CONTENT UNITS
Unit. 1 Meaning, characteristics and
importance of Agency Services.