CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper 2025 for Geography

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

SAMPLE PAPER
CLASS 12
2025

GEOGRAPHY (029)
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
Class: XII: 2024 – 25
Time allowed: 3 Hours Maximum marks: 70

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them:
(i) This questions paper contains 30 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question paper is divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.
(iii) Section A Questions no. 1 to 17 are Multiple Choice type questions. Each question carries
1 mark.
(iv) Section B Questions no. 18 and 19 are Source-based questions. Each question carries 3
marks.
(v) Section C Questions no. 20 to 23 are Short Answer type questions. Each question carries
3 marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 80 to 100 words.
(vi) Section D Questions no. 24 to 28 are Long Answer type questions. Each question carries
5 marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 120 to 150 words.
(vii) Section E Questions no. 29 and 30 are Map-based questions. Each question carries 5
marks.
(viii) In addition to this, NOTE that a separate question has been provided for Visually Impaired
candidates in lieu of questions having visual inputs, map etc. Such questions are to be
attempted by Visually Impaired candidates only.
(ix) There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has
been provided in a few questions in all sections other than Section A.

Section A

Questions no. 1 to 17 are Multiple Choice Type Questions. (17X1) 17

1 The Human Poverty Index measures the shortfall in human development on the 1
basis of which parameter/s?
A. The adult literacy rate and the life expectancy at birth.
B. Access to resources in terms of purchasing power.
C. The number of small children who are underweight.
D. The number of children enrolled in the school .
2 There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer 1
as per the codes provided below.
Assertion (A): Often smaller countries have done better than larger ones and
relatively poorer nations have been ranked higher than richer neighbours in terms of
human development.
Reason (R): Size of the territory and per capita income are not directly related to
human development. Countries with higher human development are those where a
lot of investment in the social sector has taken place.

Options:

A. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
1 Geography SQP Class-XII 2024-25

C. Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
D. (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.

3 Which of the following statements are correct related to rural marketing centres? 1
Choose the correct option.
i. Rural marketing centres cater to nearby settlements.
ii. Rural Marketing centres are quasi-urban trading centres of the most rudimentary
type.
iii. They offer manufactured goods as well as many specialized markets develop, e.g.
markets for labour, housing, semi or finished products.
iv. Personal and professional services are not well-developed. These form local
collecting and distributing centres.

Options:
A. i, ii, iv
B. i, iii, iv
C. ii, iii, iv
D. i, ii, iii

4 Arrange the following facts related to the history of international trade in sequence. 1

i. The Silk Route is an early example of long distance trade connecting Rome to
China – along the 6,000 km route.
ii. After the disintegration of the Roman Empire, European commerce grew during
twelfth and thirteenth century with the development of ocean going warships trade
between Europe and Asia grew and the Americas were discovered.
iii. Fifteenth century onwards, the European colonialism began and along with trade
of exotic commodities, a new form of trade emerged which was called slave trade.
iv. During the World Wars I and II, countries imposed trade taxes and quantitative
restrictions for the first time.

Codes
A. i, ii, iv, v
B. iv, ii, iii, i
C. i, ii, iii, iv
D. iii, ii, iv, i

5 The act of opening up economies for trading by bringing down trade barriers like tariffs 1
and allowing goods and services from everywhere to compete with domestic products
and services is called .

A. Dumping
B. Trade liberalization
C. Balance of trade
D. Bilateral trade

6 Arrange the following states in order of their population from highest to lowest. 1

1. Bihar
2. Maharashtra
3. Uttar Pradesh
4. West Bengal

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Codes:
A. 1, 3, 2, 4
B. 4, 3, 2, 1
C. 3, 2, 1, 4
D. 2, 1, 4, 3

7 There are four distinct phases of population growth identified in India over the last one 1
century. Identify the phase from the given description.

This period is referred to as the period of population explosion in India, which was
caused by a rapid fall in the mortality rate but a high fertility rate of population in the
country. The average annual growth rate was as high as 2.2 per cent. It is in this
period that developmental activities were introduced through a centralized planning
process and economy started showing up ensuring the improvement of living
condition of people at large. Consequently, there was a high natural increase and
higher growth rate.

A. Phase I 1901-1921
B. Phase II 1921-1951
C. Phase III 1951-1981
D. Phase IV post 1981 till present

8 The objective of protective irrigation is to___________________: 1

A. protect the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture deficiency.
B. provide sufficient soil moisture in the cropping season to achieve high productivity.
C. double water input per unit area of cultivated land so that multiple cropping can be
done.
D. increase the productivity of soil.

9 There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason(R). Mark your 1
answer as per the codes provided below.
Assertion (A): There has been a significant increase in agricultural output and yield,
of many crops such as rice and wheat among the other crops like sugarcane, oilseeds
and cotton, due to improvement in technology during the last 50 years.
Reason (R): Expansion of irrigation has played a crucial role in enhancing agricultural
output in the country. It provided basis for introduction of modern agricultural
technology during the last 50 years.
Options:

A. Both (A) and (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
C. Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
D. (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.

3 Geography SQP Class-XII 2024-25

10 Identify the statement that is NOT true with regard to watershed management? 1

I. It refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater
resources.
II. Watershed management includes judicious use of all resources –
Both natural and human with in a watershed.
III. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural
resources on the one hand and society on the other.
IV. The success of watershed development solely depends upon the state
government.

Options:
A. Statement I and IV
B. Only II
C. Only III
D. Statement IV

11 A group of students were conducting research on water Pollution level in Delhi. Which 1
organization will students need to visit to gather information on water quality?

A. Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC)
B. Indian Council of Environmental Research (ICER)
C. National water development Agency (NWDA)
D. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

12 Which one of the following is incorrectly matched? 1

List I (Name of the state) List II (Coal mining Centre)
A. West Bengal I. Raniganj
B. Tamil Nadu 2. Neyveli
C. Maharashtra 3. Korba
D. Odisha 4. Talcher
1
13 Satellite is mode of communication in themselves as well as they regulate the use of
other means of communication. Choose the correct satellite system used by India.
1. India Remote Sensing Satellite System (IRS)
2. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
3. Indian Nation Satellite System (INSAT)
4. India Regional Navigation Satellite System
Codes
A. Both I and III
B. Only I
C. Both II and III
D. Only IV

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14 Setubharatam Pariyojana launched by the Indian government aims to achieve? 1

A. Development of State roads along coastal border areas.
B. The construction of about 1500 major bridges and 200 rail over bridges and rail
under bridges.
C. Development of border roads.
D. Construction of more water ways.

15 Read the graph and answer the following questions no.15-17: 1

Identify the highest populous country?
A. Russia
B. India
C. Canada
D. China

15.1 The following question is for Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Q.15.
Identify the highest populous country?
A. Russia
B. India
C. Canada
D. China
16 Identify the African country that has very high population. 1
A. Mexico
B. Brazil
C. Pakistan
D. Nigeria

16.1 The following question is for Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Q.16.
What does the term population distribution refer to?

A. The total number of people living in specific area.
B. The arrangement or spread of people across a given area.
C. The rate at which population increases over time.
D. The number of births per 1,000 people in the population.

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17 Which continent has the highest number of the world's most populous countries? 1
A. Africa
B. North America
C. Asia
D. South America

17.1 The following question is for Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Q. 17.
Which continent has the highest number of the world's most populous countries?
A. Africa
B. North America
C. Asia
D. South America

Section B

Questions number 18 and 19 are Source-based Questions. 2x3=6

18 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follows: 3 x1=3
Tourism
Tourism has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered jobs
(250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP). Besides, many local
persons, are employed to provide services like accommodation, meals, transport,
entertainment and special shops serving the tourists. Tourism fosters the growth of
infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft industries (souvenirs). In some
regions, tourism is seasonal because the vacation period is dependent on favourable
weather conditions, but many regions attract visitors all the year round.

The warmer places around the Mediterranean Coast and the West Coast of India are
some of the popular tourist destinations in the world. Others include winter sports
regions, found mainly in mountainous areas, and various scenic landscapes and
national parks, which are scattered. Historic towns also attract tourists, because of
the monument, heritage sites and cultural activities.

(I) What constitutes tourism?
(II) List two renowned global tourist destinations.
(III) “Tourism has become the largest tertiary activity in the world”. Comment.

19 Study the following table and answer the questions: 3 x1=3

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(I) Identify the human development score for the countries classified as having
Medium Human Development?
(II) What can you infer about the well-being of people living in countries with a high
level of human development?
(III) Give reasons for low level of human development in 33 countries.

Section C
Questions number 20 to 23 are Short Answer Type Questions 4x3=12
20 Explain humanisation of nature with the help of a real life example. 3
OR
“The concept of Neo- determinism is compared with traffic lights on the cross road”.
Analyze the statement with examples.

21 Study the map of Suez Canal and answer the following questions: 1+1+1
=3

(I) Name the two seas connected by the Suez Canal.
(II) Why do we consider this as Europe’s gateway to the Indian Ocean?
(III) Write one characteristic of the Suez Canal.
21.1 The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of 1+1+1=
Q.21 3
(I) Name the two oceans connected by the Panama Canal.
(II) Write one unique feature of the Panama Canal.
(III) Why is this canal vital for the economies of Latin America?

7 Geography SQP Class-XII 2024-25

22 Prepare a proposal for a smart city that integrates advanced technology to enhance 3
urban living while prioritising sustainability, cleanliness and affordability.

23 Enumerate the challenges confronting society regarding the adolescent population. 2+1=3
Enlist a few measures to overcome these problems.

Section D
Questions number 24 to 28 are Long Answer Type Questions- 5X5=25

24 How does food gathering as an economic activity differ between primitive and modern 3+2=5
societies, and why is it unlikely to significantly influence the global economy today?

25 A. Assess the factors that contributed to the development of large-scale industries 5
all over the world.
OR
B. Access to transportation and communication facilities are essential for the
development of industries.’ Justify the statement with suitable example.

26 A. Evaluate the benefits derived from Integrated Tribal development Project 5
implemented in Bharmaur Region.
OR
B. 'Hill Area Development Programmes were initiated for the specified areas
keeping in view their topographical, ecological, social and economic conditions'.
Justify the statement.
27 A. The composition of commodities in India’s international trade has been 5
undergoing a change over the years. Substantiate the statement with suitable
arguments.
OR
B. ‘Air transport plays an important role in the international trade’. Justify the
statement with suitable arguments.
28 A. ‘Environmental pollution by solid wastes has now got significance due to 5
enormous growth in the quantity of waste’”.

OR
B. Give reasons for the unsustainable increase in solid waste and discuss two
strategies to control waste generation at the source in urban areas.

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Section E

Question numbers 29 & 30 are Map based questions having 5 sub-parts each. 2X5=10

29 On the given political map of the World, seven geographical features have been 5
marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any five with the help of the following
information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near each feature.

A. A major seaport.
B. An international airport.
C. An important Seaway.
D. An area of subsistence gathering in South America.
E. An important seaport of Asia.
F. An area of Nomadic Herding.
G. Region of extensive commercial grain agriculture.

9 Geography SQP Class-XII 2024-25

The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of
Question No.29.
Answer any five questions out of the following:
29 A. Name a major seaport situated at the southernmost tip of Africa.
29 B. Name an important international airport of Italy.
29 C. Which river in North America connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic
Ocean?
29 D. Name an area of subsistence gathering in South America.
29 E. Name an important sea port of China.
29 F. Mention an area of nomadic herding in North Africa.
29 G. Name the area of extensive commercial grain agriculture in New Zealand.

30 Locate and label any five of the following geographical features on the Political 5
Outline map of India with appropriate symbols:
A. An important coal mine in Orisha.
B. An important seaport in Karnataka.
C. Jharia – Coal mines.
D. An oil refinery in Uttar Pradesh.
E. The state with lowest population density.
F. The state leading in the production of Tea.
G. An international airport in Punjab.

The following questions are for visually impaired students in lieu of
Question No.30. Attempt any five.

30.A Name an important coal mine in Orisha.
30.B Name an important seaport in Karnataka.
30.C Name one important coal mine of Maharashtra
30.D Name one oil refinery of Uttar Pradesh.
30.E Name the state with lowest population density.
30.F Name one leading tea producing state of India.
30.G Name the international airport of Punjab.

10 Geography SQP Class-XII 2024-25

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