PSEB 12th Class Syllabus 2027 Biology

FOR PUNJAB CLASS 12 PREPARATION

PSEB 12th Class
Syllabus 2027 Biology
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT
Punjab Class 12 2027 Syllabus Biology

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

Class-XII
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Subject: Biology
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Theory: 70 Marks
as ag Practical: 25 Marks
INA: 05 Marks

Unit Title No. of Periods Marks
I Reproduction 30 16
II Genetics and Evolution 40 18
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III Biology
Welfare
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Human 30 12
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Biotechnology and its 30 10
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Applications
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Ecology and Enviornment
Total
30
160
14
70

Unit-I
Reproduction
Chapter-1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure ; development of male and female gametophytes;
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pollination-types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices;
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pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization
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events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed
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and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy,
polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-2: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive system; microscopic anatomy of testis
and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogensis;
menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst m
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formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation
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Chapter-3 Reproductive Health

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Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted
Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and
medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and
assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for
general awareness).
Unit-II
Genetics and Evolution
Chapter-4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism
– incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of
blood groups, pleiotropy;
elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance;
chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey
bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour
blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal
disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's
syndromes.
Chapter-5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA
and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription,
genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon;
Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter-6: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution
(paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences);
Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of
evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection
with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy
- Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

Unit-III
Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter-7: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue,
chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold,
amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology -
vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-8: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment,
energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers.
Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
Unit-IV
Biotechnology and its Applications
Chapter-9: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
Chapter-10: Biotechnology and its Applications

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Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and
vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified
organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and
patents.
Unit-V
Ecology and Environment
Chapter-11: Organisms and Populations
Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism;
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population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
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(Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors,
Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations) s e m
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Chapter-12: Ecosystem
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Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy
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flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological
Succession and Nutrient Cycles).
Chapter-13: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity
conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book,
Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and
Ramsar sites.

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