AHSEC HS 1st Year Syllabus 2026 Business Studies

Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC)

1st Year Syllabus

BUSINESS STUDIES
REVISED SYLLABUS FOR HIGHER SECONDARY FIRST YEAR COURSE.
W.E.F. SESSION: 2023-24

Theory: 80 marks Time: Three Hours.
Project: 20 Marks

Unit wise Distribution of Marks & Periods:
Units Topics Marks Periods
Part-A Foundation of Business
Unit-1 Business, Trade and Commerce 08 15
Unit-2 Forms of Business Organisation 10 15
Unit-3 Public, Private, and Global Enterprises 06 15
Unit-4 Business Services 08 15
Unit-5 Emerging Modes of Business 06 10
Unit-6 Social Responsibilities of Business and 06 15
Business Ethics
Part-B Corporate Organisation, Finance and Trade
Unit-7 Formation of a Company 08 20
Unit-8 Sources of Business Finance 08 15
Unit-9 MSME and Business Entrepreneurship 06 10
Unit-10 Internal Trade 08 15
Unit-11 International Business 06 15
Total(Theory) 80
Part-C Project Work. 20 20
Total( Theory +Project) 100 180

Unit wise Distribution of Course Contents:-
Part-A: Foundation of Business
Unit-1: BUSINESS, TRADE AND COMMERCE: Marks: 08
 Introduction.
 Concept of Business, Characteristics and Objectives.
 Comparison of Business, Profession and Employment.
 Classification of Business activities- Industry and Commerce.
 Industry- Types: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary- Meaning and Sub-groups.
 Commerce-Trade and Auxiliaries to Trade.
 Business Risk- Concept, Nature and Causes.
 Starting a Business- Basic factors.
 Role of Business in the Development of Economy.

Unit-2: FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANISATION: Marks-10
 Sole Proprietorship- Concept, Features, Merits and Limitations.
 Joint Hindu Family Business- Concept, Features, Merits and Limitations.
 Partnership- Concept, Features, Merits and Limitations, Types of partners, Types of
Partnerships, Partnership Deed, Registration.
 Cooperative Society- Concept, Features, Merits and Limitations. Types of Cooperative
Societies.
 Joint Stock Company- Meaning, Features, Merits, Limitations, Types of Companies,
Difference between Private and Public Company.
 Choice of forms of Business Organisation- Factors affecting.

Unit-3: PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND GLOBAL ENTERPRISE: Marks-06
 Public Sector and Private Sector - Concept.
 Forms of organising, Public Sector Enterprises:
 Departmental Undertakings- Features, Merits and Limitations.
 Statutory Corporation- Features, Merits and Limitations.
 Government Company- Features, Merits and Limitations.
 Changing Role of Public Sector.
 Global Enterprise- Concept, Features.
 Joint Ventures- Meaning, Types, Benefits.
 Public Private Partnership (PPP).

Unit-4: BUSINESS SERVICES: Marks-08
 Introduction, Nature of Services, Difference between Services and Goods, Types of Services.
 Business Services: Banking- Types of Banks, Functions of Commercial Banks, e-Banking-
Benefits. Insurance- Principles of Insurance, Its Types- Life, Fire and Marine. Difference
between Life, Fire and Marine Insurance.
 Communication Services: Postal and Telecom Services.
 Warehousing: Concept, Types and Functions.

Unit-5: EMERGING MODES OF BUSINESS: Marks-06
 E-Business- Concept, Scope and Benefits, Limitations. Traditional Vs e-Business.
 Online Transactions-Security and Safety of e-Transactions.

Unit-6: SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUSINESS AND BUSINESS ETHICS: Marks-06
 Concept of Social Responsibility.
 Need for Social Responsibility: Arguments for and against Social Responsibility.
 Responsibility towards Owners, Investors, Employees, Consumers, Government and
Community.
 Business and Environmental protection: Types of Pollution, Role of Business in
Environmental Pollution.
 Business Ethics- Concept and Elements.

Part-B: Corporate Organisation, Finance and Trade.

Unit-7: FORMATION OF COMPANY: Marks-08
 Introduction, Formation of a Company- Its different stages, Promotion of a Company:
Promoter- Meaning, Functions, Registration or Incorporation of Company, Documents
required for Incorporation of Company- Memorandum of Association- Its meaning &
Different clauses, Articles of Association- Its meaning and contents, Capital Subscription
Stage, Memorandum of Association Vs Articles of Association, Prospectus, Statement in lieu
of Prospectus.
Unit-8: SOURCES OF BUSINESS FINANCE: Marks-08
 Meaning, Nature and Significance of Business Finance, Classification of Sources of Funds,
Sources of Finance: Retained Earnings- Merits & Limitations, Trade Credit- Merits &
Limitations, Public Deposits- Merits & Limitations, Factoring- Merits and Demerits, Lease
Financing- Merits and Demerits, Issue of Shares, Types of Shares, Preference Share- Its types,
Debenture-Its types.
 International Financing, GDRs, ADRs & IDRs, FCCBs.
 Factors affecting the choice of the Sources of Funds.

Unit-9: MSME AND BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Marks-06
 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: Concept, Role of MSME, Problems associated with
MSME, MSME and Entrepreneurship Development.
 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) - Its Importance for Entrepreneurs, Types of Intellectual
Properties-Trademark, Geographical Indication, Patent, Design, Plant Variety,
Semiconductor, Integrated Circuits Layout Design.

Unit-10: INTERNAL TRADE: Marks-08
 Internal Trade- Meaning, Wholesale Trade- Meaning, Services of Wholesalers, Retail trade-
Meaning, Services of Retailers.
 Types of Retailing Trade-Itinerant Retailers, Fixed shop Retailers- Fixed shop small Retailers-
Its types, Fixed Shop Large Store-(Departmental stores, Chain store or Multiple shops), Their
Features, Merits and Limitations, Departmental Store Vs Multiple Shop.
 Mail Order Houses- Meaning, Merits and Limitations.
 Super Markets-Meaning, Merits and Limitations.
 Vending Machine- Meaning
 Goods and Services Tax (GST) –Concept and key features.
 Role of Commerce and Industry Associations in Promotion of Internal Trade.

Unit-11: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: Marks-06
 Meaning of International Business, International Business Vs Domestic Business, Scope of
International Business, Benefits of International Business, Modes of Entry into International
Business- Exporting and Importing, Contract Manufacturing, Licensing and Franchising, Joint
Ventures, Wholly owned Subsidiaries.
 Export- Import Procedures and Documentation.
 Export Procedure.
 Import Procedure.
 Documents used in Export and Import Trade.

BUSINESS STUDIES
PROJECT WORK FOR HIGHER SECONDARY FIRST YEAR COURSE.

Project Work - 20 Marks.
 Project Preparation 12 Marks
 Project VIVA VOCE 08Marks

Format for Project Work of the subject Business Studies (H.S. First Year)
Cover Page:-
1. Title of the Project.
2. Information of the student
(Name, Roll No, Registration No, Year)
3. Name of the Supervisor/Guide.
4. Name of the Institution.
5. Year.

Second Page: - Acknowledgement.

Third Page: - Declaration by the students.

Forth Page: - Certificate from Supervisor/Guide.
Certificate from Head of the Institution/Department.

Fifth Page: - Contents/Index.
Main text of the project
References /Bibliography.

The project work for H.S. First Year students may include topics like:
1. Field work/visit to Consumer Co-operative Societies/Handloom/handicraft units, wholesale
market, Shopping malls, Local Hut (bazaar-weekly, daily, regulated markets).
2. Visit to some service sector units like Hotels/Insurance/Restaurants/Travel Agencies/Tent
houses and likewise.
3. E-marketing and its popularity.
4. Visit to village industries units like piggery, poultry, fishery, cane and bamboo, diary,
specially promoted by SHGs.
5. E-banking.
6. Social responsibilities of Business discharged by leading organisations.
7. Study on leading entrepreneurs of your city/town/locality.
8. Visit to Micro, small and medium industry.
9. Food processing industry.
10. Study on various Government schemes that support MSMEs of your area.

Study Materials
Notes

Model Papers Class 6 Notes

Sample Papers Class 7 Notes
Half Yearly Sample Papers Class 8 Notes

Class 9 Notes
Important Resources
Class 10 Notes
Periodic Table
Class 11 Notes
Writing Skills / Formats

Maps of India / World Class 12 Notes

Books and Solutions

NCERT Books
NCERT Book Solutions
HC Verma Chapter Wise Solutions
RD Sharma Solutions
CGBSE Solutions