NCERT Book Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants

ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 71

C HAPTER 6
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
6.1 The Tissue You can very easily see the structural similarities and variations in the
System external morphology of the larger living organism, both plants and
animals. Similarly, if we were to study the internal structure, one also
6.2 Anatomy of
finds several similarities as well as differences. This chapter introduces
Dicotyledonous
you to the internal structure and functional organisation of higher plants.
and
Study of internal structure of plants is called anatomy. Plants have cells
Monocotyledonous as the basic unit, cells are organised into tissues and in turn the tissues
Plants are organised into organs. Different organs in a plant show differences in
their internal structure. Within angiosperms, the monocots and dicots
are also seen to be anatomically different. Internal structures also show
adaptations to diverse environments.

6.1 THE TISSUE SYSTEM
We were discussing types of tissues based on the types of cells present.
Let us now consider how tissues vary depending on their location in the
plant body. Their structure and function would also be dependent on
location. On the basis of their structure and location, there are three types
of tissue systems. These are the epidermal tissue system, the ground or
fundamental tissue system and the vascular or conducting tissue system.

6.1.1 Epidermal Tissue System
The epidermal tissue system forms the outer-most covering of the whole
plant body and comprises epidermal cells, stomata and the epidermal
appendages – the trichomes and hairs. The epidermis is the outermost
layer of the primary plant body. It is made up of elongated, compactly