HBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025 Biotechnology

Haryana Board
Syllabus
2024-25

BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION HARYANA
Syllabus and Chapter wise division of Marks (2024-25)
Class: XII Subject: Biotechnology Code: 871
General Instructions:
1. There will be an Annual Examination based on the entire syllabus.
2. The Annual Examination will be of 60 marks, Practical Examination
will be of 20 marks and 20 marks weightage shall be for Internal
Assessment.
3. For Practical Examination:
i) Two experiments of 6 marks each.
ii) One activity of 3 marks.
iii) Practical record of 2 marks.
iv) Viva-voce of 3 marks.
4. For Internal Assessment:
There will be Periodic Assessment that would include:
i) For 4 marks- Two SAT exams will be conducted and will have
a weightage of 04 marks towards the final Internal
Assessment.
ii) For 2 marks- One half-yearly exam will be conducted and will
have a weightage of 02 marks towards the final Internal
Assessment.
iii) For 2 marks- One Pre-Board exam will be conducted and will
have a weightage of 02 marks towards the final Internal
Assessment.
iv) For 2 marks- Subject teacher will assess and give maximum
02 marks for CRP (Classroom participation).
v) For 5 marks- A project work to be done by students and will
have a weightage of 05 marks towards the final Internal
Assessment.
vi) For 5 marks- Attendance of student will be awarded 05 marks as:
75% to 80% - 01 marks
80% to 85% - 02 marks
85% to 90% - 03 marks
90% to 95% - 04 marks
95% to 100% - 05 marks 1

Course Structure (2023-24)
Class- XII Subject-Biotechnology Code:871
Sr. No. Unit Chapter Marks

Recombinant DNA Technology

1
Protein and Gene
Manipulation Protein Structure and Engineering 30

Genomics and Bioinformatics

Cell Structure and Genetic Microbial Cell Culture and its
Manipulation Application
2
Plant Cell Culture and Application 30

Animal Cell Culture and
Application

Total 60

Practical Examination 20

Internal Assessment 20

Grand Total 100

2

Unit V: PROTEIN AND GENE MANIPULATION
Chapter 1: Recombinant DNA Technology
Introduction; Tools of rDNA Technology: Restriction
enzymes, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP),
Other enzymes used in cloning, Vectors: Plasmids, vector based
on bacteriophages, cosmids, YAC vectors, BAC vectors, Animal
and plant viral vectors, Host cells; Marking rDNA;
Introduction of rDNA to Host Cells: Transformation,
Transfection, Electroporation, Microinjection, Biolistics;
Identification of Recombinants; Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR); Hybridisation Techniques: Southern Hybridisation
Technique; DNA Library: DNA Sequencing:
Dideoxynucleotide chain termination method; Site-directed
Mutagenesis

Unit V: PROTEIN AND GENE MANIPULATION
Chapter 2: Protein Structure and Engineering
Introduction to the World of Proteins; 3-D Shape of
Proteins: Non-covalent bonds: ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds,
Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions; Structure-
Function relationship in Proteins: Chymotrypsin - a
proteolytic enzyme, Molecular Disease- Sickle cell anaemia,
Protein Finger printing- Peptide Mapping, 2-D Gel
Electrophoresis; Purification of Proteins: Calculation of
amount of bacterial ferment required, Downstream Processing,
Aqueous two-phase partition, Industrial scale production of
proteins, Special techniques for therapeutic /diagnostic proteins;
Characterisation of Proteins: Mass spectrometry; Protein
Based Products: Blood products and vaccines, Therapeutic
antibodies and enzymes, Therapeutic hormones and growth
factors, Regulatory factors, Analytical applications, Industrial
enzymes, Functional non-catalytic proteins, Nutraceutical
Proteins; Designing Proteins (Protein Engineering):
Improving laundry detergent Subtilisin, Creation of Novel
Proteins, Improving nutritional value of cereals and legumes.

Unit V: PROTEIN AND GENE MANIPULATION
Chapter 3: Genomics and Bioinformatics
3

Introduction: Progress in stages, Evolving approaches,
Structural genomics, Functional genomics; Genome
Sequencing Projects: Directed sequencing of Bacterial
Artificial Chromosome (BAC) contigs, Random shotgun
sequencing; Gene prediction and counting; Genome
Similarity, SNPs and Comparative Genomics; Functional
Genomics: Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Microarray
Technology: principle, procedure, interpretation; Proteomics:
Types of Proteomics: Expression proteomics, Structural
proteomics, Functional proteomics, Genes and Proteins:
Number of genes vs Number of proteins; History of
Bioinformatics; Sequences and nomenclature: DNA and
protein sequences, The concept of directionality, Different types
of sequences; Information Sources: Major databases: NCBI,
Database retrieval tools, BLAST family of search tools,
Resources for gene level sequences, Analysis using
Bioinformatics tools.
Unit VI: CELL CULTURE AND GENETIC MANIPULATION
Chapter 1: Microbial Cell Culture and Its Applications
Introduction; Microbial culture techniques: Nutrients for microbial
culture, Culture Procedures, Equipment for microbial culture, Types of
microbial culture: Batch culture, Fed-batch culture, continuous culture;
Measurement and kinetics of microbial growth: Measurement of
microbial growth, Growth kinetics and specific growth rate; Scale-up of
microbial processes; Isolation of microbial products; Strain isolation,
improvement and preservation: Strain isolation, Strain improvement:
Mutation Selection, Genetic Engineering Techniques, Metagenomics,
Strain preservation, Culture Collections Centers; Applications of
microbial culture technology; Biosafety issues in Microbial
Technology.
Unit VI: CELL CULTURE AND GENETIC MANIPULATION
Chapter 2: Plant Cell Culture and Applications
Introduction; Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques: Basic
Technique, Nutrient Media, Types of cultures: organ culture,
explant culture, callus culture, cell suspension culture, mass cell
culture, protoplast culture, protoplast fusion, Plant Regeneration
pathways; Applications of Cell and Tissue Culture:
Micropropagation, Virus-free plants, Artificial seeds, Embryo
rescue, Haploids and triploids, Somatic hybrids and cybrids,
Production of secondary metabolites, Somaclonal variation, In 4

vitro plant germplasm conservation; Gene transfer methods in
plants: Vector-mediated or indirect gene transfer, Vectorless or
direct gene transfer, Transgene analysis; Transgenic plants
with beneficial traits: Stress tolerance, Biotic stress tolerance:
Herbicide tolerance, Pest resistance, Disease resistance, Virus
resistance, Fungi and bacteria, Abiotic stress tolerance: Delayed
fruit ripening, Male sterility, Transgenic plants as bioreactors,
Nutrient quality, Diagnostic and therapeutic proteins, Edible
vaccines, Biodegradable plastics, Metabolic engineering and
secondary products, Other applications; Biosafety in Plant
Genetic Engineering.
Unit VI: CELL CULTURE AND GENETIC MANIPULATION
Chapter 3: Animal Cell Culture and Applications
Introduction; Animal Cell Culture Techniques: Features of
animal cell growth in culture, Primary Cell Cultures, Secondary
Cell Cultures and Cell Lines, Types of Cell Lines: Finite Cell
Lines, Continuous Cell Lines, Physical environment for
culturing Animal Cells: temperature, pH, osmolality, Medium,
serum and antibiotics, vessels and equipments required for
animal cell culture, tissue culture hood, CO2 incubator,
centrifuge, inverted microscope; Characterization of Cell
Lines: storage and revival of cells; Methods of Gene Delivery
into Cells; Scale-up of Animal Culture Process; Applications
of Animal Cell culture: Erythropoietin, Factor VIII, Factor IX,
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA), Hybridoma Technology for
Monoclonal Antibody Production, Therapeutic mAb - OKT3,
Therapeutic mAb – Herceptin; Stem Cell Technology: ES Cell
culture and its applications; Tissue engineering.
Practicals:
1. Use of special equipment in biotechnology experiments
2. Isolation of bacterial plasmid DNA
3. Detection of DNA by gel electrophoresis
4. Estimation of DNA by UV spectroscopy
5. Isolation of bacteria from curd & staining of bacteria
6. Cell viability assay using Evan’s blue dye exclusion method
7. Data retrieval and database search using internet site NCBI and
download a DNA and protein sequence from internet, analyse it and
comment on it
8. Reading of a DNA sequencing gel to arrive at the sequence
5

Month wise Syllabus Teaching Plan (2024-25)
Class: XII Subject: Biotechnology Code: 871
Month Subject-content Teaching Revision Practical
Periods Periods Work
April Unit V 22 2
Chapter 1:
Recombinant DNA
Technology

Practical: Use of
special equipment 6
in biotechnology
experiments

Practical: Isolation
of bacterial plasmid 2
DNA

Practical: Detection 2
of DNA by gel
electrophoresis

Practical: 2
Estimation of DNA
by UV
spectroscopy
May Unit V 22 2
Chapter 2: Protein
Structure and
Engineering

Practical: Isolation
of bacteria from 2
curd & staining of
bacteria
6

June
Summer Vacation (Project Work)

July Unit V
Chapter 3:
Genomics,
Proteomics and
Bioinformatics
(Introduction, 18 2
Genome
Sequencing
Projects, Gene
prediction and
counting)

Practical: Cell
viability assay
using Evan’s blue 2
dye exclusion
method
August Unit V 20 4
Chapter 3:
Genomics,
Proteomics and
Bioinformatics
(Genome
Similarity, SNPs
and Comparative
Genomics,
Functional
Genomics,
Proteomics,
History of
Bioinformatics;
Sequences and
nomenclature,
Information 7

Sources)

Practical: Data
retrieval and
database search
using internet site 6
NCBI and
download a DNA
and protein
sequence from
internet, analyse it
and comment on it.

Practical: Reading
of a DNA 4
sequencing gel to
arrive at the
sequence.

September Revision for Half- 16
Yearly Exam

Half-Yearly Exam
October Unit VI 20 4
Chapter 1:
Microbial Cell
Culture and its
Applications.
November Unit VI 22 2
Chapter 2: Plant
Cell Culture and
Applications.

December Unit VI
Chapter 3: Animal 22 2
Cell Culture and 8

Applications.
January
Revision
16

February Revision
12

Annual Practical
Exam
March Annual Exam

Note:
• Subject teachers are advised to direct the students to prepare
notebook of the Terminology/Definitional Words used in the chapters
for enhancement of vocabulary or clarity of the concept.

Prescribed Books:
1. Biotechnology - Text book for Class XII, CBSE Publication
2. Laboratory Manual-Biotechnology-Class XII, CBSE Publication

9

Question Paper Design (2024-25)
Class: XII Subject: Biotechnology Code: 871
Time 2½ Hours
Competencies Marks Percentage
Knowledge 24 40%
Understanding 18 30%
Application 12 20%
Skill 6 10%
Total 60 100%

Types Of Marks Number Description Total
Questions Marks
Objective 1 15 06 Multiple Choice 15
Questions Questions,
03 Fill in the Blanks
Questions,
03 One Word Answer Type
Questions,
0 3 Assertion Reason
Questions
Very Short 2 6 Internal choice will be 12
Answer Type given in any 2 questions
Question
Short Answer 3 6 Internal choice will be 18
Type given in any 2 questions
Question
Essay Answer 5 3 Internal choice will be 15
Type given in all the questions
Question
Total 30 60

10

Haryana Board
Study Material

Syllabus

Model Papers

Previous Year Question Papers

Books

Notes