CBSE Senior Secondary Syllabus 2027 Biotechnology

FOR CBSE SENIOR SECONDARY SYLLABUS EXAM PREPARATION

CBSE Senior
Secondary Syllabus
2027
Question Paper
EXAM YEAR TYPE

CBSE Senior Secondary Syllabus 2027 Question Paper
DETAILS

Biotechnology

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

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BIOTECHNOLOGY
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Subject Code - 045 a
Class XI-XII (2026-27)
An unprecedented growth of human knowledge in the field of Biological Sciences coupled
with equally significant developments in the field of technology have brought significant
changes into existing social and economic systems. The emerging field of Biotechnology is
likely to further enhance the applications of Science and Technology for human welfare.
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Modern Biotechnology processes encompass a wide range of new products such as

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antibiotics, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and many more. Furthermore, developments in
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recombinant DNA technology have yielded numerous new useful products in the
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fields
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healthcare anda agriculture. The present syllabus takes care of all these aspects.
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has been laid on familiarizing the learners with the fundamental concepts, basic
techniques and their applications. It is expected that the knowledge gained through the study
of different topics and the skills acquired through the prescribed practical work will make the
learners competent to meet the challenges of academic as well as professional courses
after studying the subject at senior secondary stage.

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Objectives
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The broad objectives of teaching Biotechnology at senior secondary level are to:

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 help the learners know and understand basic facts and concepts of the subject
at elementary stage. a
 expose the students to different basic processes and basic techniques used in
Biotechnology.
 familiarize the learners to understand the relationship of the subject to health,
nutrition, environment, agriculture and industry, etc.
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develop conceptual competence in the learners so as to cope up with
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c. o  professional courses in future career.
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Biotechnology
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a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 1 of 6

BIOTECHNOLOGY
Subject Code - 045
Class XI (2026-27)
COURSE STRUCTURE

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70+30

Units Marks
Unit- I Biotechnology: An overview 5
Unit-II Molecules of Life 20
Unit-III Genetics and Molecular Biology 20
Unit-IV Cells and Organisms 25
Practical 30
Total 100

Theory
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Unit–I Biotechnology: An overview 5 Marks
Chapter 1: Biotechnology: An Overview
Historical Perspectives, Technology and Applications of Biotechnology, Global market and
Biotech Products.

Unit–II Molecules of Life 20 Marks
Chapter 1: Biomolecules: Building Blocks
Building Blocks of Carbohydrates - Sugars and their Derivatives, Building Blocks of Proteins
- Amino Acids, Building Blocks of Lipids- Simple Fatty Acids, Glycerol and Cholesterol,
Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids – Nucleotides.

Chapter 2: Macromolecules: Structure & Function
Carbohydrates - The Energy Givers, Proteins - The Performers, Enzymes -The Catalysts,
Lipids and Biomembranes - The Barriers, Nucleic Acids - The Managers

Unit–III Genetics and Molecular Biology 20 Marks
Chapter 1: Concepts of Genetics
Historical Perspective, Multiple Alleles, Linkage and Crossing Over, Genetic Mapping.

Chapter 2: Genes and Genomes: Structure and Function
Discovery of DNA as Genetic Material, DNA Replication, Fine Structure of the Genes, From
Gene to Protein, Transcription – The Basic Process, Genetic Code, Translation, Mutations,
Human Genetic Disorders.
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Unit-IV Cells and Organisms 25 Marks
Chapter 1: The Basic Unit of Life
Cell Structure and Components, Organization of Life
Chapter 2: Cell Growth and Development
Cell Division, Cell Cycle, Cell Communication, Nutrition, Reproduction, Immune Response in
Animals.

PRACTICALS
Note: Every student is required to do the following experiments during the academic
session.
1. Preparation of buffers and pH determination
2. Sterilization techniques
3. Preparation of bacterial growth medium
4. Cell counting
5. Sugar Estimation using Di Nitro Salicylic Acid test (DNS test)
6. Assay for amylase enzyme
7. Protein estimation by biuret method

Scheme of Evaluation
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks 30
The scheme of evaluation at the end of session will be as under:
Two experiments : 20 Marks
Viva on experiments : 5 Marks
Practical record : 5 Marks

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Subject Code - 045a
Class XII (2026-27)

COURSE STRUCTURE

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70+30

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Units
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Unit V . e
m Protein and Gene Manipulation
e Cell Culture and Genetic Manipulation
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30
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Total 100

Theory
Time: 3 hours. Max. Marks: 70
Unit-V Protein and Gene Manipulation 40 Marks
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Chapter-1: Recombinant DNA Technology
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. making rDNA molecule, Introduction of
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Introduction, Tool of Recombinant DNA technology,

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recombinant DNA into host cells, Identification
(PCR), DNA Sequencing.
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Chapter-2: Protein Structure and Engineering
Introduction to the world of proteins, Structure-function Relationship in proteins,
Characterization of proteins, Protein based products, Designing proteins (Protein
Engineering)
Chapter-3: Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics
Gene prediction and counting, Genome similarity, SNPs and Comparative genomics,
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Functional genomics, Proteomics, Information sources, Analysis using bioinformatics tools.
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Unit-VI Cell Culture and Genetic Manipulation
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Microbial nutrition and culture techniques, Measurement and kinetics of
a microbial growth, Isolation of microbial products, Strain isolation and improvement,
Applications of microbial culture technology.
Chapter -2: Plant Cell Culture and Applications
Introduction, Cell and tissue culture techniques, Applications of cell and tissue culture,
Transgenic plants with beneficial traits, Biosafety of transgenic plants
Chapter-3: Animal Cell Culture and Applications

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Introduction, Animal cell culture techniques, Applications of animal cell culture, Stem cell

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technology.

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PRACTICALS 30 Marks

Note: Every student will be required to do the following experiments during the
academic session.
1. Use of special equipment in biotechnology experiments

2. Isolation of bacterial plasmid DNA
3. Detection of DNA by gel electrophoresis

4. Estimation of DNA by UV spectroscopy
5. Isolation of bacteria from curd & staining of bacteria

6. Cell viability assay using Evan’s blue dye exclusion method

7. Data retrieval and database search using internet site NCBI and download a DNA
and protein sequence from internet, analyze it and comment on it
8. Reading of a DNA sequencing gel to arrive at the sequence
9. Project work
Scheme of Evaluation
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks 30
The scheme of evaluation at the end of the session will be as under:
6+6
A
Two experiments (only one computer based practical)
Practical record 04
Viva on Practical 04
B Project work
Write up 05
Viva on project 05
Total 30
Note: - More emphasis should be given on hands on work in projects.

Prescribed Books:
1. A Text Book of Biotechnology - Class XI : Published by CBSE, New Delhi
2. As reference- Biotechnology - Class XI : Published by NCERT, New Delhi
3. A Laboratory Manual of Biotechnology - Class XI : Published by CBSE, New Delhi
4. A Text Book of Biotechnology - Class XII : Published by CBSE, New Delhi
5. A Laboratory Manual of Biotechnology - Class XII : Published by CBSE, New
Delhi

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BIOTECHNOLOGY
Subject Code - 045
Class XII (2026-27)

Assessment Areas
Theory
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 70 Marks

Competencies

Demonstrate, Knowledge and Understanding 50%

Application of Knowledge / Concepts 30%

Analyse, Evaluate and Create 20%

Note:
 Typology of questions: VSA including MCQs, Assertion – Reasoning type questions;
SA; LA-I; LA-II; Source-based/ Case-based/ Passage-based/ Integrated assessment
questions.
 An internal choice of approximately 33% would be provided.

Suggestive verbs for various competencies
 Demonstrate, Knowledge and Understanding
State, name, list, identify, define, suggest, describe, outline, summarize, etc.
 Application of Knowledge/Concepts
Calculate, illustrate, show, adapt, explain, distinguish, etc.
 Analyze, Evaluate and Create
Interpret, analyse, compare, contrast, examine, evaluate, discuss, construct, etc.

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