AP EAPCET 2026 Information Brochure for Agriculture, Pharmacy

AP EAPCET 2026
(Engineering, Agriculture and Pharmacy Common Entrance Test- 2026)
Conducted by
JNT University Kakinada, Kakinada
On behalf of
Andhra Pradesh State Council for Higher Education (APSCHE)

Dates of Examination: 19-05-2026 to 20-05-2026
(9:00 A.M. to 12:00 Noon & 2:00 P.M to 5:00 P.M)

INSTRUCTION BOOKLET
AGRICULTURE, PHARMACY

ENGINEERING, AGRICULTURE & PHARMACY COMMON ENTRANCE TEST

JNT University Kakinada Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education
Kakinada Tadepalli, Guntur District.

AGRICULTURE, PHARMACY
ENGINEERING, AGRICULTURE & PHARMACY COMMON ENTRANCE TEST
(being conducted by JNTUK on behalf of APSCHE)

AP EAPCET-2026
FOR ENTRANCE TEST RELATING TO PROFESSIONAL COURSES IN

A) B.Sc.(Ag.)/B.Sc.(Hort.)/B.V.Sc.&AH/B.F.Sc./B.Tech.(FST)/B.Sc.(CA&BM)
B) B.Pharm./B.Tech.(Bio-Technology)(Bi.P.C.)
C) Pharm-D(Bi.P.C)

Note:
Information about the Entrance test is also available in the Website https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in.

LAST DATES FOR SUBMISSION OF ONLINE APPLICATION
WITH OUT LATE FEE 07-03-2026
WITH LATE FEE Rs.1000/- 12-03-2026
WITH LATE FEE Rs.2000/- 17-03-2026
WITH LATE FEE Rs.4000/- 21-03-2026
WITH LATE FEE Rs. 10000/- 26-03-2026

Address for Correspondence:

CONVENER, AP EAPCET – 2026,
GROUND FLOOR, ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA
KAKINADA – 533003, ANDHRA PRADESH
Contact No: 0884-2359599, 0884-2342499
Email ID: [email protected]

Important dates for APEAPCET-2026
S.No. Activity Date and Day
1 Notification of APEAPCET 2026 03-02-2026 (Tuesday)
2 Commencement of submission of Online Applications 04-02-2026 (Wednesday)
Last date for submission of Online Applications without
3 07-03-2026 (Saturday)
Late Fee
Last date for submission of Online Applications with
4 12-03-2026 (Thursday)
Late Fee (Rs.1000/-)
Last date for submission of Online Applications with
5 17-03-2026 (Tuesday)
Late Fee (Rs.2000/-)
Last date for submission of Online Applications with
6 21-03-2026 (Saturday)
Late Fee (Rs.4000/-)
Last date for submission of Online Applications with
7 26-03-2026 (Thursday)
Late Fee (Rs.10000/-)
Correction of online application data already submitted 26-03-2026 (Thursday) to 28-
8
by the candidate 03-2026 (Saturday)
Downloading Hall-Tickets from the website/ through
9 28-04-2026 (Tuesday)
WhatsApp)
12-05-2026 (Tuesday) to15-05-
10 Dates of Examination (Engineering) 2026 (Friday) and
18-05-2026 (Monday)
19-05-2026 (Tuesday) to 20-05-
11 Dates of Examination (Agriculture & Pharmacy)
2026 (Wednesday)
Release of Preliminary Key (Engineering, Agriculture &
12 23-05-2026 (Saturday)
Pharmacy)
Last date for receiving Objections on Preliminary Key
13 25-05-2026 (Monday)
(Engineering, Agriculture & Pharmacy)*
14 Release of results tentatively 01-06-2026 (Monday)
* Fee to be paid for each objection raised on a question is Rs. 300/- and the same is refundable
for valid objection only. The decision of the committee on validity of the objection is final and
no further correspondence is entertained.

AP EAPCET -2026 (AGRICULTURE, PHARMACY)

A Common Entrance Test designated as “Engineering, Agriculture & Pharmacy Common
Entrance Test” (AP EAPCET–2026) will be conducted by JNT University Kakinada,
Kakinada for the academic year 2026-2027 for admission into the First Year of Professional
Courses i.e. i) B.Sc.(Ag.) / B.Sc.(Hort.) / B.V.Sc. & AH / B.F.Sc. / B.Tech. (FST) /
B.Sc.(CA&BM), ii) B.Pharm / B.Tech.(Bio-Technology) (Bi.P.C.) iii) Pharm-D(Bi.P.C).

I. PARTICULARS OF AP EAPCET –2026

 The Test will be conducted from 19-05-2026 to 20-05-2026 in two sessions every day
i.e. 9:00 A.M. to 12:00 Noon. and 2:00 P.M to 5:00 P.M through Online Test mode
only.

 The question paper consists of a total of 160 questions comprising of 80 questions in
Biology (Botany-40, Zoology-40), 40 questions in Physics, and 40 questions in Chemistry.

 All questions are of objective type (multiple choice) only and each question carries one
mark. The syllabus in Biology, Physics, and Chemistry is furnished in Annexure-I. The
model questions are given in Annexure-II.
 A sample/mock test will be available on https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in for practice purpose
and to give the candidate a look and feel of the On-Line (Computer Based) Examination.

II. ELIGIBILITY TO APPEAR FOR AP EAPCET –2026

Candidates satisfying the following requirements shall be eligible to appear for AP EAPCET-
2026:
1. Candidates should be of Indian Nationality or Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) / Overseas
Citizen of India (OCI) Card Holders.
2. Candidates should belong to the state of Andhra Pradesh. The candidates should
satisfy Local / Non-Local status requirements as per the Government of Andhra Pradesh
Orders for 2026-27.
3. Candidate should obtain at least 45%marks (40% in case of candidate belonging to reserved
category) in the subjects specified taken together in the qualifying examination.

4. For B.V.Sc. & A.H. / B.Sc. (Ag) / B.Sc. (Hort) / B.F.Sc. / B.Tech. (FS&T) courses:
Candidates should have passed intermediate examination (10+2 pattern) or any
examination recognized as equivalent there to by the Board of Intermediate Education,

Andhra Pradesh with any two / three of the subjects indicated against each course, noted
below. However, the candidates who have appeared for the Final Year Intermediate
Examination (10+2 Pattern) and who are awaiting their results may also
apply for AP EAPCET 2026, but their ranks obtained in AP EAPCET 2026 will be valid

only if they pass the Intermediate Examination.
With any two of the subjects:

a)B.Sc.(Ag.) I. Physical Science
II. Biological or Natural Sciences
III. Agriculture
IV. Vocational Course in Agriculture
b)B.Sc.(Hort) I. Physical Science
II. Biological or Natural Sciences
III. Agriculture
IV. Vocational Course in Agriculture
c)B.V.Sc.&A.H I. Physical sciences
II. Biological or Natural Sciences
III. Vocational Courses in Veterinary
Sciences
d)B.F.Sc I. Physical Sciences
II. Biological or Natural Sciences
III. Vocational Courses in Fishery Sciences
e)B.Tech.(FS&T) I. Mathematics
II. Physical Sciences
or
I. Physical Sciences
II. Biological or Natural sciences
f)B.Pharmacy & Pharm-D I. Mathematics
II. Physical Sciences
or
I. Physical Sciences
II. Biological or Natural sciences

Note: i) Irrespective of the subjects taken at the qualifying examination, candidates seeking
admission to the above courses should appear for Biology, Physics, and Chemistry in AP
EAPCET-2026. (AP Category).
ii) Candidates should have completed 17 years of age as of 31 st December of the year of
admission (2026) and an upper age limit of 22 years for all the candidates and 25 years in
respect of SC/ST candidates as of 31st December of the year of admission (2026).

For B. Pharm Course:
i. Candidates should have passed the intermediate examination (10+2 pattern) with Biology,
Physics, and Chemistry as options, conducted by the Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra
Pradesh or equivalent. However, the candidates who have appeared for the Final
Year Intermediate Examination (10+2 Pattern) and who are awaiting their results may also
apply for AP EAPCET-2026, but their ranks obtained in AP EAPCET - 2026 will be valid
only if they pass the Intermediate Examination.

Candidates should have completed 16 years of age by the date of commencement of admission
or on such other date as may be notified by the CET committee. There is no upper age limit.

For B. Tech. (Bio-Technology) Course:
Candidates should have passed the intermediate examination (10+2 pattern) with Biology,
Physics, and Chemistry as options. However, the candidates who have appeared for the Final
Year Intermediate Examination (10+2 Pattern) and who are awaiting their results may also
apply for AP EAPCET - 2026, but their ranks obtained in AP EAPCET - 2026 will be valid
only if they pass the Intermediate Examination.

For Pharm-D Course:
i. Candidates should have passed Intermediate Examination (10+2 pattern) with Physics,
Chemistry, and Biology as optional conducted by the Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra
Pradesh or equivalent there to or should have passed or appeared at the final year of the diploma
examination in pharmacy course conducted by the Andhra Pradesh State Board of Technical
Education and Training or any other examination recognized as equivalent. However, the
candidates who have appeared for the Final Year Intermediate Examination (10+2 Pattern) and
who are awaiting their results may also apply for AP EAPCET -2026, but their ranks obtained in AP
EAPCET - 2026 will be valid only if they pass the Intermediate Examination.

ii. The candidates should have completed 17 years of age as of 31 st December of the year of
admission (2026) to the above course.

The minimum age for admission shall be 17 years on 31st December of the year in which
admission is sought. The maximum age limit for admission shall be 35 years. There shall be a
relaxation of 3 (three) years in upper age for S.C., S.T., and B.C., candidates. The upper age
limit shall be relaxed by 5 (five) years for disabled candidates.

III. GENERAL INFORMATION/INSTRUCTIONS:

a) The Convener, AP EAPCET–2026 reserves the right to reject the application of the
candidate at any stage, if:
(I) The Online Application Form is incomplete.

(II) The candidate fails to satisfy the eligibility conditions.

(III) Any false or incorrect information is furnished.

(IV) The Online Application Form is submitted after the due date.

Note: No correspondence will be entertained in this regard.

b) The Convener is not responsible for non-receipt of application by the notified date
and time for any reason.

IV. MEDIUM OF ENTRANCE TEST:

The question paper contains questions in the “English” and “Telugu” medium only.
Candidates, who have studied the qualifying examination in Urdu medium and wish to avail
assistance for translating the questions into Urdu, will be allotted a Test Centre at Kurnool
only. In case of ambiguity in the Telugu Question, the Question given in English shall be taken

as final.

V. REGISTRATION FEE:

Payment of Registration Fee for submission of Online Application Form is the first step and
the Registration Fee is Rs.800/-for students belonging to the open category (for SC/ST
Candidates Rs.700/- and for BC Candidates Rs.750/-) which has to be paid through any kind
of Online Payment Modes (Credit Card/ Debit Card/Net Banking/ AP Online etc.,) from any
Recognized Bank.

VI. SAME CENTRE FOR CANDIDATES APPEARING FOR BOTH ENGINEERING
AND AGRICULTURE & PHARMACY:
Candidates of E – Category who are eligible and desirous of taking the test in AP-
Category, in addition to the test for E - Category should select the option Both (E & AP
Category) together, during the submission of the Online Application Form, so that same
Test Centre can be allotted to them for both the tests. If this instruction is not followed, the
candidate may be allotted different Test Centers for E & AP category tests, and Convener, AP
EAPCET- 2026 is not responsible for the allotment of different centers.

VII. REGIONAL CENTERS
S.No. New District Regional Center
Anantapur
1 ANANTAPUR Gooty
Tadipatri
2 SRI SATYASAI Puttaparthi
Chittoor
3 CHITTOOR Kuppam
Palamner
Madanapalle
4 ANNAMAYYA
Rayachoty
Tirupati
5 TIRUPATI
Puttur
6 EAST GODAVARI Rajahmundry
7 Kakinada
KAKINADA
Surampalem
8 KONASEEMA Amalapuram
9 GUNTUR Guntur
Bapatla
10 BAPATLA
Chirala
11 PALNADU Narasaraopeta
Gudlavalleru
12 KRISHNA
Machilipatnam
Mylavaram
13 NTR Tiruvuru
Vijayawada
Kurnool
14 KURNOOL Adoni
Yemmiganur
15 NANDYAL Nandyal
Kavali
SRI POTTI SRI
Vidya Nagar
16 RAMULU
Gudur
NELLORE
Nellore
Markapuram
17 PRAKASAM
Ongole
Srikakulam
18 SRIKAKULAM
Tekkali
19 VISHAKAPATNAM Visakhapatnam
20 ANAKAPALLE Narsipatnam
Vizianagaram
21 VIZIANAGARAM
Rajam
Bhimavaram
22 WEST GODAVARI Narasapuram
Tadepalligudem
23 ELURU Eluru
Kadapa
24 YSR KADAPA Rajampet
Proddatur
25 HYDERABAD Hyderabad

Note: 1. The Convener reserves the right to add or delete some online Test Centers from the
list of Regional Centers notified.
2. The Convener reserves the right to allot the candidates to any online Test Centre
other than that opted by the candidates.
3. Candidate has to submit not more than one application either for “E” or “AP” or
“E&AP”category test. If any candidate submits more than one application for one
category, the Convener reserves the right to reject all the applications or accept any
one of them.

VIII. SUBMISSION OF ONLINE APPLICATION FOR AP EAPCET – 2026

Applications should be submitted through Online mode only.

The following information must be kept ready for filling the details during Online submission:
a. Hall ticket Number of Qualifying Examination
b. Hall ticket Number of S.S.C. or equivalent

c. Date of Birth
d. Caste Certificate in case of SC/ST/BC candidates
e. Aadhar Number
f. PH, NCC, Sports, etc.
g. Income Certificate (Up to One Lakh or Up to Two Lakhs or More than Two
Lakhs
(Rupees))
h. Ration Card
i. Study or Residence or relevant certificate for proof of local status (last 12 years)

Online submission:

For Online submission, visit the website https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in.

A candidate has to pay Rs.800/- as Registration Fee (for SC/ST Candidates Rs 700/- and for
BC Candidates Rs 750/-) and late fee (if applicable) by opting any kind of Online Payment Modes
(Credit Card/ Debit Card/Net Banking/ AP Online / TS Online etc.) from any Recognized Bank. After
filling out the Online Application Form with the required details, the candidate is required to
verify all the details carefully and press Submit button. Filled in Online Application Form will
be generated which contains Registration Number along with filled in details. The candidate is
required to take a printout of the Filled in Online Application Form and it is to be submitted to
the Invigilator during the examination after affixing a recent color photograph duly attested
by a Gazetted Officer or Principal of the College, where studied qualifying
examination.
The candidate should use the Registration Number for future correspondence.
Mere appearance and qualifying at AP EAPCET-2026 do not confer any right for admission
into professional courses. The candidate has to fulfill the eligibility criteria laid down in the

relevant G.O at the time of admission.

IX. QUALIFYING MARKS FOR AP EAPCET – 2026

The qualifying percentage of marks for the AP EAPCET-2026 is 25% of the maximum marks
considered for the ranking. However, for candidates belonging to Scheduled Caste and
Scheduled Tribe, no minimum qualifying mark is prescribed. But their admission will be limited
to the extent of seats reserved for such categories (vide G.O.Ms.No.179, LEN&TE,
dated16.06.1986).
X. AP EAPCET - 2026 RESULTS

1. Evaluation: Every care will be taken to avoid errors in the evaluation, checking, scrutiny,
tabulation, normalization and ranking.
2. Ranking:

a. Candidates shall be ranked based on the EAPCET normalized marks (75% weightage) and
10+2 (25%weightage) in the order of merit as explained in Annexure-IV and Annexure-V.
b. The rank obtained in AP EAPCET-2026 is valid for admission to the courses mentioned in
the application form for the academic year 2026-2027 only.
c. The rank card shall be downloaded from the website https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in.
d. Rank obtained with the benefit of relaxation of the minimum qualifying marks at AP
EAPCET - 2026 by any candidate claiming as SC/ST Category will be canceled in case the
claim is found to be invalid at the time of admission to any course of study in any
participating University/Institution.
XI. The candidates should preserve the Filled in Online Application Form, the Hall Ticket and
the Rank Card to produce them when called for verification.
XII. Any malpractice in AP EAPCET - 2026 will be dealt with as per rules in force vide G.O.
Ms. No: 114, Edn / (IE) Dt: 13thMay1997 for the CET.

XIII. In any litigation concerning AP EAPCET-2026 Test, Convener is the person to sue and
be sued. The Convener (Examination), AP EAPCET – 2026 is not responsible for the allotment
of seats at the time of admissions. The Commissioner of Technical Education, Andhra Pradesh
is the Convener for the Admissions.
XIV. Any litigation concerning APEAPCET-2026 shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the
A.P. High Court, Amaravathi only.
XV. HALL TICKET
The candidate should download the Hall Ticket from website
https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in and also through Mana Mitra (WhatsApp Governance) of AP.

XVI. COUNSELLING AND ALLOTMENT OF SEATS
The list of institutions for allotment of candidates with intake in each discipline and category,
as per reservations through AP EAPCET–2026 would be released in the Information Booklet

for counseling in due course and the same information would also be released on the website
https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in.

IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Material to be brought on the date of examination
Hall Candidate shall bring downloaded Hall Ticket along with any one proof of photo
identification viz. Intermediate (10+2) Hall ticket/ Passport/PAN card/ Voter id/ Aadhaar card/
Driving license etc. and a good Ball Point Pen (for rough work, working sheets will be provided
by the Test Centre).

2. Other important instructions
a. Hall ticket issued to the candidate is an important document. Candidates are required to
preserve it carefully.
b. Hall ticket is not transferable. Any tampering of Hall Ticket will automatically lead to the
disqualification of the candidate
c. Candidates shall arrive at the online examination center 2 hours before commencement of the
examination. This will enable the candidate to familiarize himself/herself with the online
examination process.
d. Candidate will not be permitted into the Examination Hall once the test commences (i.e.09:00 AM for
FN Session and 02:00 PM for AN Session) and will not be allowed to leave the Examination Hall till the
END of the Examination (i.e.12:00 PM for FN Session and 05:00 PM for AN Session). Candidates will
not be allowed into the examination hall even if they are late by one minute.

e. The candidate does not have the option of choosing a specific date/session to appear for the
AP EAPCET - 2026 entrance examination. This information is known to him/her only after
downloading Hall Ticket. For any reason, if the candidate fails to appear in the given slot,
he/she is treated as absent.
f. Candidates are required to bring the following to the online examination center:

i) Hall Ticket, ii) Filled in Online Application Form, iii) A good Ball Point Pen (for rough
work, working sheets will be provided by the Test Centre), and iv) Attested copy of Caste
certificate (in case of SC/ST category candidates only).
g. Candidates are not allowed to carry any textual material, Calculators, DocuPen, Slide Rules,
Log Tables, Electronic Watches with facilities of calculator, printed or written material, bits of
papers, mobile phone, pager or any other device, except the Hall Ticket, document as required
under point no. 2.(f) inside the Examination Room/Hall. If any candidate is in possession of
any of the above items, his/her candidature will be treated as an unfair means and his/her
current examination will be canceled & he/she will also be debarred for future examination(s)
& the equipment will be seized.

GUIDELINES TO CANDIDATES
1. Please check the Hall ticket carefully for your Name, Date of Birth, Gender, Category,
Test Centre Name, Date, and Time of examination.
2. Candidates are advised to reach the venue at least 2 hours before the examination to
complete the frisking and registration formalities well before the time. The registration
desk will be closed 05 minutes before the examination.
3. The candidate must show, on demand, the Hall Ticket for admission in the examination
room/hall. A candidate who does not possess the Hall Ticket issued by the Convener, AP
EAPCET - 2026, shall not be permitted for the examination under any circumstances by
the Centre Superintendent.
4. No candidate, under any circumstances, will be allowed to enter the Examination Centre
after the commencement of the examination.
5. A seat indicating the Hall Ticket number will be allocated to each candidate. Candidates
should find out and occupy their allotted seats only. Any candidate found to have changed
room or the seat on his/her own other than allotted, his/her candidature shall be canceled
and no plea would be accepted for it.
6. The candidate should ensure that the question paper is available on the computer in English
and Telugu languages only.
7. No Candidate will be allowed to carry any baggage inside the Examination Centre. The
Convener, AP EAPCET-2026 will not be responsible for any belongings stolen or lost at
the premises.
8. Smoking and eating are strictly prohibited in the examination room.

9. Tea, coffee, cool drinks or snacks are not allowed to be taken into the examination rooms
during examination hours.
10. Approach the Centre Superintendent/Invigilator in the room for any technical assistance, first
aid emergency, or any other information during the examination.
11. No candidate, without the special permission of the Centre Superintendent or the
Invigilator concerned, will leave his/her seat or Examination Room until the full duration
of the Examination. Candidates must follow the instructions strictly as instructed by the
Centre Superintendent/Invigilators.
12. For any queries or issues regarding computer-based examination, the candidates may
contact helpline numbers which will be available on the https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in
website.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR ONLINE (COMPUTER BASED) EXAMINATION

The On-Line (Computer Based) Examination will be conducted as per the following
schedule.
1. The test will start exactly at the time mentioned in the Hall Ticket and an announcement to
this effect will be made by the invigilator.
2. The Entrance test is conducted for duration of 3 hours and the question paper consists of a
total of 160 questions comprising of 80 Biology (Botany-40, Zoology-40), 40 questions in
Physics, and 40 questions in Chemistry. All questions are having equal weightage.

3. There is only one correct response for each question out of four responses given.

4. There is no negative marking and No deduction from the total score will be made if no
response is indicated for a question.
5. All calculations/writing work is to be done only in the rough sheet provided at the center
and on completion of the test candidates must hand over the rough sheets to the invigilator
on duty in the Room/Hall. The candidates shall write their Hall Ticket number on the rough
sheets used by them.
6. During the examination time, the invigilator will check the Hall ticket of the candidate to
satisfy himself/herself about the identity of each candidate.
7. The candidates are governed by all Rules and Regulations of the Convener, AP EAPCET-
2026 with regard to their conduct in the Examination Hall. All cases of unfair means will
be dealt with as per rules.

The following Proforma I, II and III are to be submitted at the time of counseling to claim
nativity, community and local status.

PROFORMA–I
REVISED PROFORMA AS PER G.O.Ms.No.58, SOCIAL WELFARE (J) DEPT. DATED
12.05.1997ANDHRA PRADESH GAZETTE EXTRA ORDINARY PART-I
Serial No. FORM III

S.C. District Code:
S.T. Emblem Mandal Code:
B.C. Village Code:

Certificate No.:

COMMUNITY, NATIVITY AND DATE OF BIRTH CERTIFICATE
(Integrated Community Certificate)

1. This is to Certify that Sri/Smt/Kum
Son/Daughter of Sri of village/Town
Mandal _District of the state of Andhra Pradesh
belongs to Community which was recognized as
SC/ST/BC under
The Constitution (Scheduled Caste) Order, 1950
The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950
G.O.Ms.No.1793, Education, dated 25.09.1970 as amended from time to time BCs, SCs,
STs list (Modification) Order1956, SCs and STs (Amendment) Act, 1976.

2. It is to certify that Sri/ Smt / Kum is a native of
District of Andhra Pradesh

3. It is to certify that date of birth of Sri /Smt /Kum is
Day Month Year (in words
)
as per the declaration given by his /her Father / Mother / Guardian and as entered in the
school records where he/she studied

Signature
Date
(Seal) Name in Capital letters:
Designation:
Explanatory Note:
1) While mentioning the community, the competent Authority must mention the sub-caste
(incase of SCs) and Sub-Tribe or Sub- Group (in case of STs) as listed out in the SCs and
STs (Amendment) Act, 1976.

PROFORMA–II

RESIDENCE CERTIFICATE IN SUPPORT OFAPPLICATION

As per the orders issued by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for 2026-27

PROFORMA–III

CERTIFICATES IN SUPPORT OF NON-LOCAL STATUS FOR E–CATEGORY

As per the orders issued by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for 2026-27

ANNEXURE-I

AP EAPCET – 2026 SYLLABUS

NOTE:

 The details of the syllabus in which the exam will be conducted are furnished below for the
convenience of students.
 The syllabus is applicable to students of both the current and previous batches of Intermediate
Course, who desire to appear for AP EAPCET-2026.

APEAPCET 2026 - BOTANY SYLLABUS

SUBJECT: BOTANY

UNIT-I: DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD:

The living world: What is living?, Diversity in the living world; Taxonomic categories and
taxonomical aids.

Biological Classification: Five kingdom classification - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia, Three domains of life (Six kingdom classification), Viruses, Viroids, Prions & Lichens.

Science of plants– Botany: Origin, Development, Scope of Botany and Branches of Botany.

Plant Kingdom: Salient features, C lassification and alternation of g e n e r a t i o n s o f the plants of
the following groups - Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms.

UNIT-II: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS- MORPHOLOGY:

Morphology of flowering Plants: Vegetative: Parts of a typical Angiospermic plant; Vegetative
morphology and modifications - Root, Stem and Leaf- types; Venation, Phyllotaxy. Reproductive:
Inflorescence - Racemose, Cymose and special types (in brief). Flower: Parts of a flower and their
detailed description; Aestivation, Placentation, Fruits: Types – True, False and Parthenocarpic fruits,
Seeds (in brief); List of some important edible fruits.

UNIT-III: REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS:

Modes of Reproduction: Asexual reproduction, Binary fission, Sporulation, budding, fragmentation,
vegetative propagation in plants, Sexual reproduction in brief, Overview of angiosperm life cycle.

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Stamen, microsporangium, pollen grain; Pistil,
megasporangium (ovule) and embryo sac; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination
- Types, agents, Out breeding devices and Pollen - Pistil interaction; Double Fertilization; Post
fertilization events: Development of endosperm and embryo; development of seed, Structure of
Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous seeds, Significance of fruit and seed. Special modes -
Apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony.

UNIT-IV: PLANT SYSTEMATICS:

Taxonomy of angiosperms: Introduction, Types of Systems of classification (In brief). Semi-
Technical description of a typical flowering plant; Description of Families: Fabaceae, Solanaceae and
Liliaceae.

UNIT-V: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION:

Cell- The Unit of Life: Cell- Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life- overview of the cell;
Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic cells - Ultra Structure of Plant cell (structure in detail and functions
in brief), Cell membrane, Cell wall, Cell organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Plastids,
Ribosomes, Golgi bodies, Vacuoles, Lysosomes, Microbodies, Centrosome and Centriole, Cilia,
Flagella, Cytoskeleton and Nucleus. Chromosomes: Number, structural organization, Nucleosome.

Biomolecules: How to analyse chemical composition; primary and secondary metabolites,
Biomacromolecules, Proteins, Polysaccharides, Nucleic acids, Structure of Proteins, Nature of
bond linking monomers in a polymer, Dynamic state of body constituents-concept of
metabolism, Metabolic basis for living, the living state.

Cell cycle and Cell Division: Cell cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis - significance.

UNIT-VI: INTERNAL ORGANISATION OF PLANTS:

Histology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Tissues – Types, structure and functions;
Meristematic: Permanent tissues – Simple and Complex tissues. Tissue systems – Types, structure
and function: Epidermal, Ground and Vascular tissue systems, Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and
Monocotyledonous plants - Root, Stem and Leaf, Secondary growth in Dicot stem and Dicot root.

UNIT-VII: PLANT ECOLOGY:

Ecological Adaptations, Succession and Ecological Services: Introduction. Plant communities and
Ecological adaptations: Hydrophytes, Mesophytes and Xerophytes. Plant succession. Ecological
services- Pollination, Carbon fixation, Oxygen release and how to sustain ecological functions.

UNIT-VIII: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY:

Transport in Plants: Means of Transport- Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Passive symports and
antiports, Active Transport, Comparison of Different Transport Processes, Plant-Water Relations-
Water Potential, Osmosis, Plasmolysis, Imbibition, Long Distance Transport of Water- Water
Movement up a Plant, Root Pressure, Transpiration pull, Transpiration- Opening and Closing of
Stomata, Transpiration and Photosynthesis - a compromise; Uptake and Transport of Mineral
Nutrients- Uptake of Mineral Ions, Translocation of Mineral Ions, Phloem transport: Flow from
Source to Sink-The Pressure Flow or Mass Flow Hypothesis.

Mineral Nutrition: Methods to study the Mineral Requirements of Plants, Essential Mineral Elements
– Criteria for Essentiality, Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Role of Macro – and Micro – nutrients,
Deficiency Symptoms of Essential Elements, Toxicity of Micronutrients, Mechanism of Absorption of
Elements, Translocation of Solutes, Soil as Reservoir of Essential Elements, Metabolism of Nitrogen –
Nitrogen Cycle, Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Nodule Formation.

Enzymes: Chemical Reactions, Enzymatic Conversions, Nature of Enzyme Action, Factors Affecting
Enzyme Activity, Temperature and pH, Concentration of Substrate, Classification and Nomenclature
of Enzymes, Co-factors.

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants: Early Experiments, Site of Photosynthesis, Pigments Involved in
Photosynthesis, Light Reaction, The Electron Transport-Splitting of Water, Cyclic and Noncyclic
Photo-phosphorylation, Chemiosmotic Hypothesis, Biosynthetic phase- The Primary Acceptor of CO2,
The Calvin Cycle, The C4 Pathway, Photorespiration, Factors affecting Photosynthesis.

Respiration of Plants: Cellular respiration, Glycolysis, Fermentation, Aerobic Respiration -
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, Electron Transport System (ETS) and Oxidative Phosphorylation, The
Respiratory Balance Sheet, Amphibolic Pathway, Respiratory Quotient.

Plant Growth and Development: G r o w t h - Plant Growth, Phases of Growth, Growth Rates,
Conditions for Growth, Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation, Development, Plant
Growth Regulators - Physiological Effects of Plant Growth Regulators- Auxins, Gibberellins,
Cytokinins, Ethylene, Abscisic acid; Seed Dormancy, Photoperiodism , Vernalisation.

UNIT-IX: MICROBIOLOGY:

Bacteria: Morphology of Bacteria, Bacterial cell structure - Nutrition, Reproduction-Sexual
Reproduction, Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction, The importance of Bacteria to Humans.
Viruses: Discovery, Classification of Viruses, structure of Viruses, Multiplication of Bacteriophages –
the Lytic cycle, The Lysogenic Cycle, Viral diseases in Plants, Viral diseases in Humans.

UNIT- X: GENETICS:

Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendel’s Experiments, Inheritance of one gene
(Monohybrid Cross)-Back cross and Test cross, Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation or Law of
purity of gametes, Deviations from Mendelian concept of dominance - Incomplete Dominance, Co-
dominance, Explanation of the concept of dominance, Inheritance of two genes- Law of Independent
Assortment, Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Linkage and Recombination, Mutations,
Significance of mutations.

UNIT- XI: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:

Molecular Basis of inheritance: The DNA- Structure of Polynucleotide Chain, Packaging of DNA
Helix. The Search for Genetic Material, Transforming Principle, Biochemical Characterisation of
Transforming Principle, The Genetic Material is DNA, Properties of Genetic Material (DNA versus
RNA), RNA World, Replication - The Experimental Proof, The Machinery and the Enzymes,
Transcription-Transcription Unit, Transcription Unit and the Gene, Types of RNA and the process of
Transcription, Genetic Code-Mutations and Genetic Code, tRNA- the Adapter Molecule, Translation,
Regulation of Gene Expression-The Lac operon.

UNIT-XII: BIOTECHNOLOGY:

Principles and processes of Biotechnology: Principles of Biotechnology-Construction of the first
artificial recombinant DNA molecule, Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology-Restriction Enzymes,
Cloning Vectors, Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA), Processes of
Recombinant DNA Technology- Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA), Cutting of DNA at
Specific Locations, Separation and isolation of DNA fragments, Insertion of isolated gene into a

suitable vector, Amplification of Gene of Interest using PCR, Insertion of Recombinant DNA into the
Host, Cell/Organism, Selection of Transformed host cells, Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product,
Downstream Processing.

Biotechnology and its applications: Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture-Bt Cotton, Pest
Resistant Plants, Other applications of Biotechnology - Insulin, Gene therapy, Molecular Diagnosis,
ELISA, DNA fingerprinting, Transgenic plants, Bio-safety and Ethical issues- Biopiracy.

UNIT-XIII: PLANTS, MICROBES & HUMAN WELFARE:

Strategies for enhancement in food production: Plant Breeding- What is Plant Breeding? Wheat
and Rice, Sugarcane, Millets, Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance, Methods of breeding for
disease resistance, Mutation, Plant Breeding for Developing Resistance to Insect Pests, Plant Breeding
for improved Food Quality, Single Cell Protein (SCP), Tissue Culture.

Microbes in Human Welfare: Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Industrial Products-
Fermented Beverages, Antibiotics, Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules, Microbes in Sewage
Treatment, Primary treatment, Secondary treatment or Biological treatment, Microbes in Production of Biogas,
Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, Biological control of pests and diseases, Microbes as Biofertilisers,
Challenges posed by Microbes.

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APEAPCET 2026 - ZOOLOGY SYLLABUS

SUBJECT: ZOOLOGY

UNIT-1: ZOOLOGY - Diversity of Living World:

What is life?; Nature, Scope & meaning of zoology; Branches of Zoology; Need for classification-
Zoos as tools for study of taxonomy; Basic principles of Classification: Biological system of
classification- (Phylogenetic classification only); Levels or Hierarchy of classification;
Nomenclature - Bi &Trinominal; Species concept; Kingdom Animalia; Biodiversity- Meaning and
distribution, (Genetic diversity, Species diversity, Ecosystem diversity alpha,beta and gama), other
attributes of biodiversity, role of biodiversity, threats to biodiveristy, methods of conservation,
IUCN Red data books, Conservation of wild life in India -Legislation, Preservation, Organisations,
Threatened species.

UNIT-2: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS:

Levels of organisation, Multicellularity: Diploblastic & Triploblastic conditions; Asymmetry,
Symmetry: Radial symmetry, and Bilateral symmetry (Brief account giving one example for each
type from the representative phyla); Acoelomates, Pseudocoelomates and Eucoelomates:
Schizo&Entero coelomates (Brief account of formation of coelom); Tissues: Epithelial, Connective,
Muscular and Nervous tissues.

UNIT-3: ANIMAL DIVERSITY-I: INVERTEBRATE PHYLA:

General Characters –Classification up to Classes with two or three examples – (Brief account only).
Porifera; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Platyhelminthes; Nematoda; Annelida (Include Earthworm as a
type study adhering to NCERT text book); Arthropoda; Mollusca; Echinodermata; Hemichordata.

UNIT-4: ANIMAL DIVERSITY-II: PHYLUM: CHORDATA:

General Characters – Classification up to Classes - (Brief account only) with two or three
examples). Phylum: Chordata; Sub phylum: Urochordata; Sub phylum: Cephalochordata; Sub
phylum : Vertebrata; Super class: Agnatha, Class Cyclostomata; Super class: Gnathostomata, Super
class Pisces, Class: Chondricthyes, Class: Osteichthyes; Tetrapoda, Class: Amphibia (Include Frog
as a type study adhering to NCERT text book), Class: Reptilia, Class: Aves, Class: Mammalia.

UNIT-5: LOCOMOTION & REPRODUCTION IN PROTOZOA:

Locomotion: Definition, types of locomotor structures Pseudopodia (basic idea of Pseudopodia
without going into different types), Flagella & Cilia (Brief account giving two examples each);
Flagellar& Ciliary movement- Effective & Recovery strokes in Euglena, Synchronal &Metachronal
movements in Paramecium; Reproduction: Definition, types. Asexual Reproduction: Transeverse
binary fission in Paramecium & Longitudinal binary fission in Euglena. Multiple fission, Sexual
Reproduction.

UNIT-6: BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE:

Parasitism and parasitic adaptation; Health and disease: introduction (follow NCERT); Life cycle,
Pathogenecity, Treatment & Prevention (Brief account only) 1. Entamoeba histolytica2.
Plasmodium vivax 3. Ascaris lumbricoides 4. Wuchereria bancrofti; Brief account of pathogenecity,
treatment & prevention of Typhoid, Pneumonia, Common cold, & Ring worm; Drugs and Alcohol
abuse.

UNIT-7: Type Study Periplaneta americana (Cockroach): Habitat and Habits, External features,
Locomotion, Digestive System, Circulatory System, Respiratory System, Excretory System, Nervous
System - Sense organs Structure of Ommatidium, Reproductive System.

UNIT-8: ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT:

Organisms and Environment: Ecology, Population, Communities, Habitat, Niche, Biome and
Ecosphere (definitions only); Ecosystem : Elementary aspects only: Abiotic factors - Light,
Temperature, Water, Soil and Pressure (Biological effects only), Ecological adaptations Population
interactions. Ecosystems – Types, Components, Lake Ecosystem, Food Chains, Food Web,
Productivity and Energy Flow in Ecosystem, Ecological Pyramids – Pyramid of numbers Biomass
and energy. Nutrient Cycles – Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorous Cycles (brief account),
Population attributes: Growth, Natality and Mortality, Age distribution, Population regulation.
Environmental Issues: Air Pollution and its control, Noise Pollution, Water Pollution and its control,
Soil Pollution, Greenhouse effect and Global Warming, Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere,
Degradation by improper resource utilization and maintenance. The Chipko movement of Garhwal
Himalayas.

UNIT-9: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I:

Digestion and absorption: Alimentary canal and Digestive glands: Role of digestive enzymes and
gastrointestinal hormones: Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins,
carbohydrates and fats, egestion, Calorific value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats (for box item –
not to be evaluated): Nutritional disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), indigestion,
constipation, vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhoea, Kwashiorkor.

Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals; Respiratory system in humans;
Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - Exchange of gases, transport of gases and
regulation of respiration, Respiratory volumes; Respiratory disorders: Asthma, Emphysema,
Occupational respiratory disorders - Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in coal
miners, .

UNIT-10: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II:

10-A) Body Fluids and Circulation: Lymphatic system, Clotting of blood; Human circulatory
system - structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output, double
circulation, regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system: Hypertension, coronary
artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

10-B) Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism,
Ureotelism, Uricotelism, Human excretory system - structure of kidney and nephron; Urine
formation, mechanism of concentration of the filterate osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney
function -Renin-Angiotensin - Aldosterone system, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and diabetes
insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi,
nephritis, dialysis using artificial kidney.

UNIT-11: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-III:

11-A) Muscular and Skeletal system: Skeletal muscle - ultra structure; Contractile proteins &
muscle contraction, muscle fatigue, coricycle types of muscle fibers. The Skelton : Axial Skelton,
appendicular skelton, types of joints, structure of synovial joint Skeletal system, and its functions:
Joints, Disorders of the muscular and skeletal system: myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular
dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout, Rigor mortis.

11-B) Neural control and co-ordination: Human Neural System : Central nervous system – Brain,
Spinal Cord, Peripheral nervous system – Cranial nerves and spinal nerves, somatic neural system,
autonomic neural system, generation and conduction of nerve impulse ; synaptic transmission, Reflex
action and reflex arc. Sensory reception and processing, the eye and mechanism of vision. The ear and
mechanism of hearing.

UNIT-12: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-IV:

12-A) Endocrine system and chemical co-ordination: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human
endocrine system - Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, thymus, Adrenal,
Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action elementary idea only, Role of hormones as
messengers and regulators; Hypo and Hyper activity and related disorders: Common disorders -
Dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease,
Cushing’s syndrome.

12-B) Immune system: Basic concepts of Immunology – Lines of Immunity, Cells of Immune
Systems, Organs of Immune System, Soluble Mediators of Immunity, antigens, types of Immunity -
Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated Immunity and
Humoral Immunity, Vaccination or Immunization, Immunological Disorders, HIV and AIDS.

UNIT-13: HUMAN REPRODUCTION:

13-A) Human Reproductive System: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic
anatomy of testis & ovary; Gametogenesis, Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual cycle;
Fertilization, Embryo development upto blastocyst formation, Implantation gastrulation
organogenesis; Pregnancy, placenta formation, Parturition, Lactation (elementary idea) .

13-B) Reproductive Health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted
diseases (STD); Birth control - Need and methods, contraception, and medical termination of
pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF-ET,
ZIFT, GIFT, AI, ICSI, surrogacy (elementary idea for general awareness.

UNIT-14: GENETICS:

Heredity and variations. Mendel’s laws of inheritance with reference to Drosophila(Drosophila
melanogaster- Grey, Black body colour; Long, Vestigial wings), Pleiotrophy, Multiple alleles and
Inheritance of blood groups, Rh-factor, Co-dominance ( Blood groups as example), elementary idea
of polygenic inheritance, skin colour in humans, Sex- determination- in humans, birds, Fumea,
genic balance theory of sex determination, Haplodiploidy in honey bees; Sex linked inheritance-
Haemophilia and Colourblindness, Mendelian disorders in humans- Thalassemia, Haemophilia,
Sickle cell anaemia, cystic fibrosis, Phenylketonuria, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal disorders-
Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project,
and DNA finger printing.

UNIT-15: ORGANIC EVOLUTION:

Origin of Life, Biological evolution and Evidences for biological evolution (Palaeontological,
comparative anatomical, embryological and molecular evidences): Theories of evolution:
Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s theory of Evolution – Natural Selection with example
(Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries: Modern
synthetic theory of Evolution – Hardy – Weinberg Law: Types of Natural Selection: Gene flow and
genetic drift: Variations (mutations and genetic recombination): Adaptive radiation – viz., Darwin’s
finches and adaptive radiation in marsupials: Human evolutions: Speciation – Allopatric, sympatric:
Reproductive isolation.

UNIT-16: APPLIED BIOLOGY:

Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry management Apiculture (beekeeping) fishery, Dairy
management: Animal breeding: Bio-Medical Technology, Diagnostic Imaging X-ray, CT scan,
MRI, ECG, EEG, ELISA, Application of Biotechnology in health; Human insulin, and vaccine
production; Gene Therapy; Transgenic animals; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer biology, stem cells.

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APEAPCET 2026 - PHYSICS SYLLABUS
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
1. PHYSICAL WORLD: What is physics? Scope and excitement of physics. Physics, technology
and society, Fundamental forces in nature, Nature of physical laws

2. UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS: The international system of units, Measurement of Length,
Measurement of Large Distances, Estimation of Very Small Distances, Size of a Molecule, Range
of Lengths, Measurement of Mass, Range of Masses, Measurement of time, Accuracy, precision of
instruments and errors in measurement, Systematic errors, random errors, least count error,
Absolute Error, Relative Error and Percentage Error, Combination of Errors, Significant figures,
Rules for Arithmetic Operations with Significant Figures, Rounding off the Uncertain Digits, Rules
for Determining the Uncertainty in the Results of Arithmetic Calculations, Dimensions of Physical
Quantities, Dimensional Formulae and dimensional equations, Dimensional Analysis and its
Applications, Checking the Dimensional Consistency of Equations, Deducing Relation among the
Physical Quantities.

3. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE: Position, path length and displacement, average velocity
and average speed, instantaneous velocity and speed, acceleration, kinematic equations for
uniformly accelerated motion, relative velocity.

4. MOTION IN A PLANE: Scalars and vectors, position and displacement vectors, equality of
vectors, multiplication of vectors by real numbers, addition and subtraction of vectors - graphical
method, resolution of vectors, vector addition - analytical method, motion in a plane, position vector
and displacement, velocity, acceleration, motion in a plane with constant acceleration, relative
velocity in two dimensions, projectile motion, equation of path of a projectile, time of maximum
height, maximum height of a projectile, horizontal range of projectile, uniform circular motion.

5. LAWS OF MOTION: Aristotle’s fallacy, The Law of inertia, Newton’s first law of motion,
Newton’s second law of motion- momentum, impulse, Newton’s third law of motion, conservation
of momentum,Equilibrium of a particle, Common forces in mechanics, friction, types of friction,
static, kinetic and rolling frictions, Circular motion, Motion of a car on a level road, Motion of a car
on a banked road, solving problems in mechanics.

6. WORK, ENERGY AND POWER: The Scalar Product, Notions of work and kinetic energy,
The work-energy theorem, Work, Kinetic energy, Work done by a variable force, The work-energy
theorem for a variable force, The concept of Potential Energy, The conservation of Mechanical
Energy, The Potential Energy of a spring, Various forms of energy, Heat, Chemical Energy,
Electrical Energy, The Equivalence of Mass and Energy, Nuclear Energy, The Principle of
Conservation of Energy, Power, Collisions, Elastic and Inelastic Collisions, Collisions in one
dimension, Coefficient of Restitution and its determination, Collisions in Two Dimensions.

7. SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION: Rigid body motion, Centre of
mass, Centre of Gravity, Motion of centre of mass, Linear momentum of a system of particles,
Vector product of two vectors, Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity, Angular
acceleration, Kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, Moment of force (Torque),
Angular momentum of particle, Torque and angular momentum for a system of a particles -
conservation of angular momentum, Equilibrium of a rigid body, Principle of moments, Moment of
inertia, Dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, Angular momentum in case of rotation
about a fixed axis - conservation of angular momentum, Rolling motion, Kinetic Energy of Rolling
Motion.
8. OSCILLATIONS: Periodic and oscillatory motions, Period and frequency, Displacement,
Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.), Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, Velocity
and acceleration in simple harmonic motion, Force law for Simple harmonic Motion, Energy in
simple harmonic motion, some systems executing Simple Harmonic Motion, Oscillations due to a

spring, The Simple Pendulum, damped simple harmonic motion, Forced oscillations and resonance.

9. GRAVITATION: Kepler’s laws Law of Orbits, Law of Areas, Law of Periods, Universal law of
gravitation, central forces, the gravitational constant, Acceleration due to gravity of the earth,
Acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth, Gravitational potential energy,
Escape speed, Earth satellites, Energy of an orbiting satellite, Geostationary and polar satellites,
Weightlessness.

10. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS: Elastic behavior of solids, Stress and strain,
Hooke’s law, Stress-strain curve, Elastic moduli, Young’s Modulus, Determination of Young’s
Modulus of the Material of a Wire, Shear Modulus, Bulk Modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Elastic potential
energy in a stretched wire, Applications of elastic behavior of materials.

11. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Pressure, Pascal’s Law, Variation of Pressure
with Depth, Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure, Hydraulic Machines, Archimedes’
Principle, Streamline flow, Bernoulli’s principle, Speed of Efflux, Torricelli’s Law, Venturi- meter,
Blood Flow and Heart Attack, Dynamic Lift, Viscosity, Variation of Viscosity of fluids with
temperature, Stokes’ Law, Reynolds number, Critical Velocity, Surface tension and Surface Energy,
Angle of Contact, Drops and Bubbles, Capillary Rise, Detergents and Surface Tension.

12. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER: Temperature and heat, Measurement of
temperature, Ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, Thermal expansion, Specific heat
capacity, Calorimetry, Change of state, Triple Point, Regelation, Latent Heat, Heat transfer –
Conduction, convection and radiation, Black body Radiation, Greenhouse Effect, Newton’s law of
cooling and its experimental verification.

13. THERMODYNAMICS: Thermal equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Heat, Internal
Energy and work, First law of thermodynamics, Specific heat capacity, Specific heat capacity of
water, Thermodynamic state variables and equation of State, Thermodynamic processes, Quasi-
static process, Isothermal Process, Adiabatic Process, Isochoric Process, Isobaric process, Cyclic
process, Heat engines , Refrigerators and heat pumps, Second law of thermodynamics, Reversible
and irreversible processes, Carnot engine, Carnot’s theorem.

14. KINETIC THEORY: Molecular nature of matter, Behaviour of gases, Boyle’s Law, Charles’
Law, Kinetic theory of an ideal gas, Pressure of an Ideal Gas, Kinetic interpretation of temperature,
Law of equipartition of energy, Specific heat capacity, Monatomic Gases, Diatomic Gases,
Polyatomic Gases, Specific Heat Capacity of Solids, Specific Heat Capacity of Water, Mean free
path.

15. WAVES: Transverse and longitudinal waves, wave displacement relation in a progressive
wave, amplitude and phase, wavelength and angular wave number, period, angular frequency and
frequency, the speed of a travelling wave, speed of a transverse wave on stretched string, speed of a
longitudinal wave (speed of sound), the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves,
standing waves and normal modes, beats, Doppler effect – source moving & Observer stationary,
observer moving and source stationary, both observer and source are moving, applications of
Doppler effect.
16. RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS: Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors,
Sign convention, Focal length of spherical mirror, Mirror equation, refraction, total internal
reflection, total internal reflection in nature and its technological applications, refraction at spherical
surfaces and by lenses, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction through a
prism, dispersion by a prism, natural phenomena due to sunlight – Rainbow, Scattering of light,
optical instruments, the eye, the simple and compound microscopes, refracting telescope and
Cassegrain reflecting telescope.

17. WAVE OPTICS: Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens
principle: Refraction of a plane wave, Refraction in a rarer medium (at the denser medium
boundary), reflection of a plane wave by a plane surface, the Doppler effect, coherent and
incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and Young‘s experiment, Diffraction,
Single slit, seeing the single slit diffraction pattern resolving power of optical instruments,
Determination of resolving power of eye, the validity of ray optics, Polarization: Polarization by
scattering, Polarisation by reflection.

18. ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS: Electric charge, conductors and insulators, charging
by induction, basic properties of electric charges, additivity of charges, conservation of charge,
quantization of charge, Coulomb’s law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field
due to a system of charges, physical significance of electric field, electric field lines, electric flux,
electric dipole, the field of an electric dipole for points on the axial line and on the equatorial plane,
physical significance of dipoles, dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution,
Gauss’s law, Applications of Gauss’s Law: Field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly
charged wire, field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet , field due to uniformly charged
thin spherical shell.

19. ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE: Electrostatic potential, potential
due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges,
equipotential surfaces, relation between field and potential, potential energy of a system of charges,
potential energy in an external field, potential energy of a single charge, potential energy of a
system of two charges in an external field, potential energy of a dipole in an external field,
electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarisation, electric displacement, capacitors and
capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of
capacitors, capacitors in series, capacitors in parallel, energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff
generator.

20. CURRENT ELECTRICITY: Electric current, electric current in conductors, Ohm’s law, drift
of electrons and the origin of resistivity, mobility, limitations of Ohm’s law, resistivity of various
materials, colour code of resistors, Temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy, power.
Combination of Resistors, Series and Parallel, Cells, EMF, internal resistance, cells in series and in
parallel, Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone Bridge, Meter Bridge, Potentiometer.

21. MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM: Magnetic force, sources and fields, magnetic
field, Lorentz force, magnetic force on a current carrying conductor, motion in a magnetic field,
helical motion of charged particles, motion in combined electric and magnetic fields, , velocity
selector, cyclotron, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot – Savart’s law, Magnetic field on
the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere’s circuital law, the solenoid and the toroid, force
between two parallel current carrying conductors, the ampere (UNIT), torque on current loop,
magnetic dipole, torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field, circular current
loop as a magnetic dipole, the magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, the Moving Coil
Galvanometer; conversion into ammeter and voltmeter.

22. MAGNETISM AND MATTER: The bar magnet, the magnetic field lines, bar magnet as an
equivalent solenoid, The dipole in a uniform magnetic field, the electrostatic analog, Magnetism
and Gauss’s Law, The Earth’s magnetism, magnetic declination and dip, magnetization and
magnetic intensity,magnetic properties of materials – Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and
Ferromagnetism, permanent magnets and electromagnets.

23. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION: The experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic
flux, Faraday’s Law of induction, Lenz’s law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive
force, energy consideration - a quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance, mutual inductance,
self-inductance, AC generator.

24. ALTERNATING CURRENT: AC voltage applied to a resistor, representation of AC current
and voltage by rotating vectors - Phasors, AC voltage applied to an inductor, AC voltage applied to
a capacitor, AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit, Phasor – diagram solution, analytical
solution, resonance, sharpness of resonance,Power in AC circuit: The power factor, Wattless current
LC oscillations, transformers.

25. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: Displacement Current, Maxwell’s equations,
electromagnetic waves, sources of electromagnetic waves, nature of electromagnetic waves,
electromagnetic spectrum: radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible rays, ultraviolet rays,
X-rays, gamma rays.

26. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER: Electron emission, Photoelectric Effect,
Hertz’s observations, Hallwachs and Lenard’s observations, experimental study of photoelectric
effect, effect of intensity of light on photocurrent, effect of potential on photoelectric current, effect
of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential, Photoelectric effect and Wave theory of
Light, Einstein’s Photoelectric equation, Energy Quantum of Radiation, particle nature of light, the
photon, wave nature of matter, photocell, Davisson and Germer Experiment

27. ATOMS: Alpha particle scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom, alpha particle
trajectory, electron orbits, atomic spectra, spectral series, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, energy
levels, Franck – Hertz experiment, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, deBroglie’s explanation of
Bohr’s second postulate of quantization.

28. NUCLEI: Atomic masses and composition of nucleus, discovery of neutron, size of the
nucleus, Mass - Energy, Nuclear Binding Energy, The Binding energy per Nucleon and its variation
with Mass Number, Nuclear Force, Radioactivity - Law of radioactive decay, half-life and mean life
of a Radioactive material, Alpha decay, Beta decay and Gamma decay, Nuclear Energy, Fission,
Nuclear reactor, nuclear fusion, energy generation in stars, controlled thermonuclear fusion.

29. SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE
CIRCUITS: Classification of metals, conductors, and semiconductors on the basis of conductivity
and energy bands, Band theory of solids, Intrinsic semiconductor, Extrinsic semiconductor, p-type
semiconductor, n-type semiconductor, p-n junction, forward bias, reverse bias, Semiconductor
diode, Application of junction diode as a rectifier, Zener Diode, Zener Diode as a voltage regulator,
Optoelectronic junction devices, Photodiode, light emitting diode, solar cell. Junction transistor,
structure and action, Basic transistor circuit configurations and transistor characteristics, transistor
as a switch and as an amplifier (CE – Configuration), Feedback amplifier and transistor oscillator,
Digital Electronics and Logic gates, NOT, OR, AND, NAND and NOR Gates, Integrated circuits.

30. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Elements of a Communication system, basic terminology
used in electronic communication systems, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission
medium, propagation of electromagnetic waves, ground waves, sky waves, space wave, modulation
and its necessity, size of the antenna or aerial, effective power radiated by an antenna, mixing up of
signals from different transmitters, amplitude modulation, production of amplitude modulated
wave, detection of amplitude modulated wave.

APEAPCET 2026 - CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

Unit-1: ATOMIC STRUCTURE: Sub Atomic particles, Atomic models, Developments to the
Bohr’s model of atom; Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation; Particle nature of
electromagnetic radiation, Planck’ s quantum theory; Evidence for the quantized electronic Energy
levels : Atomic spectra, Bohr’s model for Hydrogen atom; Explanation of line spectrum of
hydrogen; Limitations of Bohr’s model; Quantum mechanical considerations of sub atomic
particles; Dual behaviour of matter; Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Quantum mechanical
model of an atom. Important features of Quantum mechanical model of atom; Orbitals and
quantum numbers; Shapes of atomic orbitals; Energies of orbitals; Filling of orbitals in atoms.
Aufbau Principle, Pauli’s exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity;
Electronic configurations of atoms; Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

Unit-2: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES:
Need to classify elements - Genesis of periodic classification, Modern periodic law and present
form of the periodic table; Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater
than100;Electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table; Electronic configuration and
types of elements s, p, d and f blocks; Trends in physical properties:(a) Atomic radius, (b) Ionic
radius (c) Variation of size in inner transition elements, (d) Ionization enthalpy, (e) Electron gain
enthalpy, (f) Electro negativity; Periodic trends in chemical properties: (a) Periodicity of Valence
or Oxidation states, (b) Anomalous properties of second period elements –diagonal relationship;
Periodic trends and chemical reactivity.

Unit-3: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: Kossel - Lewis approach
to chemical bonding, Octet rule, Lewis representation of simple molecules, formal charges,
limitations of octet rule; Ionic or electrovalent bond - Factors favourable for the formation of ionic
compounds- Crystal structure of sodium chloride, Lattice Enthalpy: General properties of ionic
compounds; Bond Parameters - bond length ,bond angle, and bond enthalpy, bond order, resonance-
Polarity of bonds dipole moment-Fajan rules; Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR)
theory; Predicting the geometry of simple molecules; Valence bond theory-Orbital overlap concept-
Directional properties of bonds-overlapping of atomic orbitals- types of overlapping and nature of
covalent bonds-strength of sigma and pi bonds-Factors favouring the formation of covalent bonds;
Hybridisation- different types of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals- shapes of simple
covalent molecules; Coordinate bond - definition with examples; Molecular orbital theory -
Formation of molecular orbitals, Linear combination of atomic orbitals(LCAO)-conditions for
combination of atomic orbitals-, Types of Molecular orbitals, Energy level diagrams for molecular
orbitals -, Electronic Configuration and Molecular Behaviour, Bonding in some homo nuclear
diatomic molecules- H2, He2, Li2, B2, C2, N2 and O2; Hydrogen bonding-cause of formation of
hydrogen bond - Types of hydrogen bonds-inter and intra molecular-General properties of hydrogen
bonds.

Unit-4: STATES OF MATTER: GASES AND LIQUIDS: Intermolecular forces; Thermal
Energy; Intermolecular forces Vs Thermal interactions; The Gaseous State; The Gas Laws; Ideal
gas equation; Graham’s law of diffusion - Dalton’s Law of partial pressures; Kinetic molecular
theory of gases; Kinetic gas equation of an ideal gas (No derivation) deduction of gas laws from
Kinetic gas equation; Distribution of molecular speeds, Kinetic Energy, Behaviour of real gases -
Deviation from Ideal gas behaviour - Compressibility factor Vs Pressure diagrams of real gases;
Liquification of gases, Liquid state, Vapour Pressure, Surface tension, Viscosity (No mathematical
part).

Unit-5: STOICHIOMETRY: Significant figures, Laws of Chemical Combinations - Law of
Conservation of Mass, Law of Definite Proportions, Law of Multiple Proportions, Atomic and
molecular masses- mole concept and molar mass. Concept of equivalent weight; Percentage
composition of compounds and calculations of empirical and molecular formulae of compounds;
Stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations- limiting reagent; Methods of Expressing
concentrations of solutions- mass percent, mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality; Redox
reactions-classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions- redox reactions in
terms of electron transfer; Oxidation number concept; Types of Redox reactions- combination,
decomposition, displacement and disproportionation reactions; Balancing of redox reactions-
oxidation number method Half reaction (ion-electron)method; Redox reactions in titrimetry.

Unit-6: THERMODYNAMICS: Thermodynamic Terms; The system and the surroundings;
Types of systems and surroundings; The state of the system; The Internal Energy as a State
Function. (a)Work (b) Heat (c) The general case, the first law of Thermodynamics; Applications;
Work; Enthalpy, H- a useful new state function; Extensive and intensive properties; The
relationship between Cp and Cv; Measurement of∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry; Enthalpy change, ∆rH of
reactions- reaction Enthalpy (a) Standard enthalpy of reactions, (b) Enthalpy changes during
transformations, (c) Standard enthalpy of formation, (d) Thermochemical equations (e) Hess’s law
of constant Heat summation; Enthalpies for different types of reactions. (a) Standard enthalpy of
combustion (∆cH0), (b) Enthalpy of atomization (∆ aH0), phase transition, sublimation and
ionization, (c) Bond Enthalpy (∆ bondH0), (d) Enthalpy of solution (∆ solH0) and dilution-lattice
enthalpy; Spontaneity. (a) Is decrease in enthalpy a criterion for spontaneity? (b) Entropy and
spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, (c) Gibbs Energy and spontaneity; Absolute
entropy and the third law of thermodynamics.

Unit-7: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND ACIDS-BASES: Equilibrium in Physical process;
Equilibrium in chemical process - Dynamic Equilibrium; Law of chemical Equilibrium - Law of
mass action and Equilibrium constant; Homogeneous Equilibria, Equilibrium constant in gaseous
systems. Relationship between KP and Kc; Heterogeneous Equilibria; Applications of Equilibrium
constant; Relationship between Equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G;
Factors affecting Equilibria.-Le-chatlier principle application to industrial synthesis of Ammonia
and Sulphur trioxide; Ionic Equilibrium in solutions; Acids, bases and salts- Arrhenius, Bronsted-
Lowry and Lewis concepts of acids and bases; Ionisation of Acids and Bases - Ionisation constant
of water and its ionic product- PH scale-ionisation constants of weak acids-ionisation of weak
bases-relation between Ka and Kb-Di and poly basic acids and di and poly acidic Bases-Factors
affecting acid strength- Common ion effect in the ionization of acids and bases- Hydrolysis of salts
and pH of their solutions, Buffer solutions - Solubility Equilibria of sparingly soluble salts.
Solubility product constant Common ion effect on solubility of Ionic salts.

Unit-8: HYDROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS: Position of hydrogen in the periodic table;
Dihydrogen-Occurrence and Isotopes; Preparation and properties of dihydrogen, uses of H2,
Hydrides: Ionic, covalent, and non-stoichiometric hydrides; Water: Physical properties; structure
of water, ice. Chemical properties of water; hard and soft water, Temporary and permanent
hardness of water; Hydrogen Peroxide: Preparation, properties, structure, storage and uses. Heavy
Water; Hydrogen as a fuel.

Unit-9: THE s-BLOCK ELEMENTS (ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS):
Group 1 Elements :Alkali metals; Electronic configurations; Atomic and Ionic radii; Ionization
enthalpy; Hydration enthalpy; Physical properties; Chemical properties; Uses; General
characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals: Oxides; Halides; Salts of oxo Acids;
Anomalous properties of Lithium: Differences and similarities with other alkali metals, Diagonal
relationship; similarities between Lithium and Magnesium; Some important compounds of
Sodium: Sodium Chloride, Sodium carbonate, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Bicarbonate,

Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium.
Group 2 Elements: Alkaline earth elements; Electronic configuration; Ionization enthalpy;
Hydration enthalpy; Physical properties, Chemical properties; Uses; General characteristics of
compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals: Oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxy acids
(Carbonates; Sulphates and Nitrates); Anomalous behavior of Beryllium; its diagonal relationship
with Aluminum; Some important compounds of calcium: Preparation and uses of Calcium
Hydroxide, Quick lime, Calcium Carbonate, Plaster of Paris; Cement, Biological importance of
Calcium and Magnesium.

Unit-10: p- BLOCK ELEMENTS GROUP 13 (BORON FAMILY): General introduction –
Electronic configuration, atomic radii, Ionization enthalpy, Electro negativity; Physical & Chemical
properties Aluminum reactivity towards acids & alkalies, Important trends and anomalous
properties of boron; Some important compounds of Boron- Borax, orthoboric acid, Diborane, Uses
of boron, aluminum, and their compounds.

Unit-11: p-BLOCK ELEMENTS - GROUP 14 (CARBON FAMILY): General introduction –
Electronic configuration, atomic radii, Ionization enthalpy, Electro negativity; Physical &
Chemical properties; Important trends and anomalous properties of carbon; Allotropes of carbon;
Uses of carbon; Some important compounds of Carbon and Silicon: Carbon Monoxide, Carbon
dioxide, Silica, Silicones, Silicates, Zeolites.

Unit-12: Environmental Chemistry: Definition of terms: Air, Water, Soil Pollutions,
Environmental Pollution, Atmospheric Pollution, Acid rain, Particulate pollutants, Stratospheric
pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Strategies to control Environmental pollution, Green
Chemistry.

Unit-13: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES AND
HYDRO CARBONS: General introduction; Tetravalency of Carbon: shapes of organic
compounds; Structural representations of organic compounds; Classification of organic
compounds; Nomenclature of organic compounds; Isomerism; Fundamental concepts in organic
reaction mechanisms; Fission of covalent bond; Nucleophiles and electrophiles; Electron
movements in organic reactions; Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds: inductive effect,
resonance, resonance effect, electromeric effect, hyper conjugation; Types of Organic reactions;
Methods of purification of Organic compounds, Qualitative elemental analysis of Organic
compounds, Quantitative elemental analysis.
Hydrocarbons: Classification of Hydrocarbons; Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism (structural
and conformations of ethane only); Preparation of alkanes; Properties - Physical properties and
chemical Reactivity, Substitution reactions – Halogenation, Combustion, Controlled Oxidation,
Isomerisation, Aromatization, and reaction with steam, pyrolysis; Alkenes- Nomenclature,
structure of ethene, Isomerism (structural and geometrical) ; Methods of preparation; Properties-
Physical and chemical reactions: Addition of dihydrogen, halogen, water, Sulphuric acid,
Hydrogen halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s, anti-Markovnikov’s or
Kharasch effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization; Alkynes - Nomenclature and
isomerism, structure of acetylene. Methods of preparation of acetylene; Physical properties,
Chemical reactions- acidic character of alkyne, addition reactions-of hydrogen, Halogen,
Hydrogen halides and water. Polymerization; Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and
isomerism, Structure of benzene, Resonance and aromaticity; Preparation of benzene. Physical
properties. Chemical properties: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Electrophilic substitution
reactions- Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel- Craft’s alkylation and acylation;
Directive influence of functional groups in mono substituted benzene, Carcinogenicity and
toxicity.

Unit-14: SOLID STATE: General characteristics of solid state; Amorphous and crystalline
solids; Classification of crystalline solids based on different binding forces (molecular, ionic,
metallic and covalent solids); Probing the structure of solids: X-ray crystallography; Crystal
lattices and unit cells. Bravais lattices primitive and centered unit cells; Number of atoms in a unit
cell (primitive, body centered and face centered cubic unit cell);Close packed structures: Close
packing in one dimension, in two dimensions and in three dimensions- tetrahedral and octahedral
voids- formula of a compound and number of voids filled- locating tetrahedral and octahedral
voids; Packing efficiency in simple cubic, bcc and in hcp, ccp lattice; Calculations involving unit
cell dimensions-density of the unit cell; Imperfections in solids-types of point defects-
stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects; Electrical properties-conduction of electricity in
metals, semiconductors and insulators- band theory of metals; Magnetic properties

Unit-15: SOLUTIONS: Types of solutions; Expressing concentration of solutions-mass
percentage, volume percentage, mass by volume percentage, parts per million, mole fraction,
molarity and molality; Solubility: Solubility of a solid in a liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid,
Henry’s law; Vapour pressure of liquid solutions: vapour pressure of liquid- liquid solutions.
Raoult’s law as a special case of Henry’s law -vapour pressure of solutions of solids in liquids;
Ideal and non-ideal solutions; Colligative properties and determination of molar mass-relative
lowering of vapour pressure-elevation of boiling point-depression of freezing point-osmosis and
osmotic pressure-reverse osmosis and water purification; Abnormal molar masses-van’t Hoff
factor

Unit-16: ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL KINETICS:
Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells; Galvanic cells: measurement of electrode potentials;
Nernst equation- equilibrium constant from Nernst equation- electrochemical cell and Gibbs
energy of the cell reaction; Conductance of electrolytic solutions-measurement of the conductivity
of ionic solutions-variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration-strong
electrolytes and weak electrolytes-applications of Kohlrausch’s law; Electrolytic cells and
electrolysis: Faraday’s laws of electrolysis-products of electrolysis; Batteries: primary batteries
and secondary batteries, Fuel cells, Corrosion of metals-Hydrogen economy.
Chemical Kinetics: Rate of a chemical reaction; Factors influencing rate of a reaction:
dependence of rate on concentration- rate expression and rate constant-order of a reaction,
molecularity of a reaction; Integrated rate equations-zero order reactions-first order reactions- half-
life of a reaction; Pseudo first order reactions; Temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction -
effect of catalyst; Collision theory of chemical reaction rates

Unit-17: SURFACE CHEMISTRY: Adsorption: Distinction between adsorption and
absorption-mechanism of adsorption- types of adsorption- characteristics of physisorption-
characteristics of chemisorption- adsorption isotherms- adsorption from solution phase-
applications of adsorption;
Catalysis: Catalysts, promoters and poisons-autocatalysis- homogeneous and heterogeneous
catalysis-adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis- important features of solid catalysts:
(a)activity (b)selectivity- shape-selective catalysis by zeolites- enzyme catalysis-characteristics
and mechanism- catalysts in industry
Colloids: Classification of colloids: Classification based on physical state of dispersed phase and
dispersion medium-classification based on nature of interaction between dispersed phase and
dispersion medium- classification based on type of particles of the dispersed phase-
multimolecular, macromolecular and associated colloids-cleansing action of soaps-preparation of
colloids-purification of colloidal solutions- properties of colloidal solutions: Colligative properties,
Tyndal effect, colour, Brownian movement-charge on colloidal particles, electrophoresis;
coagulation-precipitation methods-coagulation of lyophilic sols and protection of colloids-
Emulsions; Colloids around us-application of colloids.

Unit-18: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY: Occurrence of metals; Concentration
of ores- levigation, magnetic separation, froth floatation leaching; Extraction of crude metal from
concentrated ore-conversion to oxide, reduction of oxide to the metal; Thermodynamic principles
of metallurgy-Ellingham diagram-limitations- applications-extraction of iron, copper and zinc
from their oxides; Electrochemical principles of metallurgy; Oxidation and reduction; Refining of
crude metal-distillation, liquation poling, electrolysis, zone refining and vapour phase refining;
Uses of aluminum, copper, zinc and iron

Unit-19: p-BLOCK ELEMENTS: Group-15 Elements: Occurrence-electronic configuration,
atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties;
Dinitrogen-preparation, properties and uses; Compounds of nitrogen-preparation, properties, and
uses of ammonia; Oxides of nitrogen; Preparation and properties of nitric acid;
Phosphorous-allotropic forms; Phosphine- preparation and properties; Phosphorous halides;
Oxoacids of phosphorous; Phosphorous halides & Oxo acids of phosphorous
Group-16 Elements: Occurrence-electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionization
enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; Dioxygen-
preparation, properties and uses; Simple oxides; Ozone-preparation, properties, structure and
uses; Sulphur-allotropic forms; Sulphur dioxide-preparation, properties and uses; Oxoacids of
sulphur; Sulphuric acid-industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses.
Group-17 Elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionization
enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; Chlorine-
preparation, properties and uses; Hydrogen chloride- preparation, properties and uses; Oxoacids of
halogens; Interhalogen compounds-preparation, properties and uses.
Group-18 Elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, ionization enthalpy, atomic radii,
electron gain enthalpy, physical and chemical properties(a) Xenon-fluorine compounds- XeF2,
XeF4 and XeF6 -preparation, hydrolysis and formation of fluoro anions-structures of XeF2, XeF4
and XeF6 (b) Xenon-oxygen compounds XeO3and XeOF4 -their formation and structures-uses of
noble gases.

Unit-20: d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS & COORDINATION COMPOUNDS: d and f
block elements: Position in the periodic table; Electronic configuration of the d-block elements;
General properties of the transition elements (d-block) -physical properties, variation in atomic and
ionic sizes of transition series, ionization enthalpies, oxidation states, trends in the M² +/M and
M³+/M²+ standard electrode potentials, trends in stability of higher oxidation states, chemical
reactivity and Eθ values, magnetic properties, formation of coloured ions, formation of complex
compounds, catalytic properties, formation of interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Some
important compounds of transition elements-oxides and oxo-anions of metals-uses of potassium
dichromate and potassium permanganate-structures of chromate, dichromate, manganate and
permanganate ions; Inner transition elements(f-block)-lanthanoids-electronic configuration-atomic
and ionic sizes-oxidation states- general characteristics; The Actinoids- electronic configurations,
ionic sizes, oxidation states, general characteristics and comparison with lanthanoids; Some
applications of d and f block elements.
Coordination compounds: Werner’s theory of coordination compounds; Definitions of some
terms used in coordination compounds; Nomenclature of coordination compounds-IUPAC
nomenclature;
Isomerism in coordination compounds-(a)Stereo isomerism- Geometrical and optical isomerism
(b)Structural isomerism- linkage, coordination, ionization and solvate isomerism
Bonding in coordination compounds. (a)Valence bond theory - magnetic properties of
coordination compounds-limitations of valence bond theory (b) Crystal field theory (i) Crystal
field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination entities (ii) Colour in coordination

compounds- limitations of crystal field theory; Bonding in metal carbonyls; Stability of
coordination compounds; Importance and applications of coordination compounds.
Unit-21: POLYMERS: Classification of Polymers -Classification based on source, structure,
mode of polymerization, molecular forces and growth polymerization; Types of polymerization
reactions- addition polymerization or chain growth polymerization- Ionic polymerization, free
radical mechanism-preparation of addition polymers- polythene, Teflon and poly acrylonitrile-
condensation polymerization or step growth polymerization-polyamides- preparation of Nylon 6,6
and nylon 6-polyesters- terylene- bakelite, melamine, formaldehyde polymer- copolymerization-
Rubber- natural rubber-vulcanisation of rubber-Synthetic rubbers- preparation of neoprene and
buna-N; Molecular mass of polymers-number average and weight average molecular masses- poly
dispersity index(PDI); Biodegradable polymers- poly β-Hydroxy butyrate-Co β-Hydroxy Velarate
(PHBV), Nylon 2-nylon 6; Polymers of commercial importance- poly propene, polystyrene, poly
vinyl chloride(PVC), urea- formaldehyde resin, glyptal, bakelite- their monomers, structures and
uses

Unit-22: BIOMOLECULES: Carbohydrates-Classification of carbohydrates-Monosaccharides:
preparation of glucose from sucrose and starch-Properties and structure of glucose-D,
L configurations and (+), (-) configurations of glucose-Structure of fructose; Disaccharides:
Sucrose- preparation, structure; Invert sugar- Structures of maltose and lactose- Polysaccharides:
Structures of starch, cellulose and glycogen- Importance of carbohydrates; Amino acids: Natural
amino acids- classification of amino acids-structures and D and L forms-Zwitterions; Proteins-
Structures, classification, fibrous and globular- primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structures of proteins- Denaturation of proteins; Enzymes: Enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action;
Vitamins: Explanation-names- classification of vitamins - sources of vitamins-deficiency diseases
of different types of vitamins; Nucleic acids: chemical composition of nucleic acids, structures of
nucleic acids, DNA fingerprinting biological functions of nucleic acids; Hormones: Definition,
different types of hormones, their production, biological activity, diseases due to their abnormal
activities.

Unit-23: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAYLIFE- Drugs and their classification: (a) Classification
of drugs on the basis of pharmacological effect (b) Classification of drugs on the basis of drug
action (c) Classification of drugs on the basis of chemical structure (d) Classification of drugs on
the basis of molecular targets; Drug-Target interaction-Enzymes as drug targets (a) Catalytic
action of enzymes (b) Drug-enzyme interaction Receptors as drug targets; Therapeutic action of
different classes of drugs: antacids, antihistamines, neurologically active drugs: tranquilizers,
analgesics– non- narcotic, narcotic analgesics, antimicrobials-antibiotics, antiseptics and
disinfectants-antifertility drugs; Chemicals in food- artificial sweetening agents, food
preservatives, antioxidants in food; Cleansing agents-soaps and synthetic detergents

Unit-24:HALO ALKANES AND HALO ARENES: Classification and nomenclature; Nature of
C-X bond; Methods of preparation: Alkylhalides and arylhalides-from alcohols, from hydrocarbons
(a) by free radical halogenation (b) by electrophilic substitution (c) by replacement of diazonium
group (Sandmeyer reaction) (d) by the addition of hydrogen halides and halogens to alkenes-by
halogen exchange reactions (Finkelstein reaction, Swarts reaction); Physical properties-melting and
boiling points, density and solubility; Chemical reactions: Reactions of haloalkanes (i) Nucleophilic
substitution reactions (a) SN² mechanism (b) SN¹mechanism (c) stereo chemical aspects of
nucleophilic substitution reactions-optical activity (ii) Elimination reactions (iii) Reaction with
metals-Reactions of haloarenes: (i) Nucleophilic substitution (ii) Electrophilic substitution and (iii)
Reaction with metals; Polyhalogen compounds: Uses and environmental effects of dichloro
methane, trichloromethane, triiodomethane, tetrachloro methane, freons and DDT

Unit-25: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C, H AND O (ALCOHOLS,
PHENOLS, ETHERS, ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLICACIDS):
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers: Alcohols, phenols and ethers-classification; Nomenclature:
(a)Alcohols, (b) phenols and (c) ethers; Structures of hydroxy and ether functional groups;
Methods of preparation: Alcohols from alkenes and carbonyl compounds, from Grignard
reagents; Phenols from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts, cumene; Physical
properties of alcohols and phenols; Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (i) Reactions
involving cleavage of O-H bond in alcohols-Acidity of alcohols and phenols, esterification (ii)
Reactions involving cleavage of C-O bond-reactions with HX, PX3, dehydration and oxidation
(iii) Reactions of phenols-electrophilic aromatic substitution, Kolbe’s reaction, Reimer - Tiemann
reaction, reaction with zinc dust, oxidation; Commercially important alcohols (methanol, ethanol)
Ethers-Methods of preparation: By dehydration of alcohols, Williamson synthesis-Physical
properties-Chemical reactions: Cleavage of C-O bond and electrophilic substitution of aromatic
ethers (anisole).
Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group; Preparation of
aldehydes and ketones-(1) by oxidation of alcohols (2) by dehydrogenation of alcohols (3) from
hydrocarbons -Preparation of aldehydes (1) from acyl chlorides (2) from nitriles and esters (3)
from hydrocarbons-Preparation of ketones (1)from acyl chlorides (2) from nitriles (3) from
benzene or substituted benzenes; Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones; Chemical
reactions of aldehydes and ketones-nucleophilic addition, reduction, oxidation, reactions due to
α-Hydrogen and other reactions (Cannizzaro reaction, electrophilic substitution reaction);Uses of
aldehydes and ketones.
Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature and structure of carboxyl group; Methods of preparation of
carboxylic acids (1) from primary alcohols and aldehydes (2) from alkyl benzenes (3) from
nitriles and amides (4) from Grignard reagents (5) from acyl halides and anhydrides (6) from
esters; Physical properties; Chemical reactions: (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond-
acidity, reactions with metals and alkalies (ii) Reactions involving cleavage of C-OH bond-
formation of anhydride, reactions with PCl5, PCl3, SOCl2, esterification and reaction with
ammonia (iii) Reactions involving-COOH group-reduction, decarboxylation (iv) Substitution
reactions in the hydrocarbon part-halogenation and ring substitution; Uses of carboxylic acids.

Unit-26: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN:
Amines: Structure of amines; Classification; Nomenclature; Preparation of amines: reduction of
nitro compounds, ammonolysis of alkyl halides, reduction of nitriles, reduction of amides,
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis and Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction; Physical
properties; Chemical reactions: basic character of amines, alkylation, acylation, carbyl amine
reaction, reaction with nitrous acid, reaction with aryl sulphonyl chloride, electrophilic
substitution of aromatic amines (aniline)-bromination, nitration and sulphonation.
DIAZONIUM SALTS- Methods of preparation of diazonium salts (by diazotization); Physical
properties; Chemical reactions: Reactions involving displacement of Nitrogen, reactions
involving retention of di azo group –coupling reactions; Importance of diazonium salts in
synthesis of aromatic compounds Cyanides and Isocyanides:Structure and nomenclature of
cyanides and isocyanides; Preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions of cyanides
and isocyanide.
@@@

ANNEXURE– II

MODEL QUESTIONS –BOTANY

1. Assertion (A): In the leaves of the sugarcane C3 and C4 cycles are spatially separated.
Reason (R): Hatch and Slack pathway occurs in bundle sheath cells and Calvin
cycle in mesophyll cells.
1) Both (A) and (R) are true.(R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of(A)
3) (A) is true but (R) is false
4) (A) is false but (R) is true

2. Arrange the following in the order of their occurrence in the life cycle of an angio- spermic
plant:
I. Primary Endosperm Nucleus II. Microsporogenesis
III. Xenogamy IV. Pericarp
The correct sequence is:
1) I, III, II, IV 2) III, I, IV, II
3) II, III, I, IV 4) IV, I, II, III

3. If one strand of DNA molecule has the nucleotide sequence TACAATCGGTAA, the
new stand synthesized in transcription will have the nucleotide sequence as:
1) ATGTTAGCCATT 2) TACAATCGG TAA
3) AUGUUA GCC AUU 4) TUCUUTCGG TUU

4. Study the following lists:
List I List II
A) Spadix I. Allium
B)Umbel II. Tridax
C)Spike III. Cocos
D)Head IV.Achyranthus
V.Hibiscus
The correct match is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1. I IV V II
2. IV I III V
3. II III IV I
4. III I IV II

5. Prokaryotic cell possesses the following:
I. Chloroplast II. Cellwall
III. 70 Sribosomes III. Well defined nucleus

The correct combination is:
3) I and III 4) II and IV
1) I and II 2) II and III

MODEL QUESTIONS–ZOOLOGY

1. Inhuman being a cromian process is presnt on:
1) Sternum 2) Skull 3) Pectoralgirdle 4) Pelvicgirdle

2. Identify the sequence of leg parts of cockroach from base to tip of the leg
A) TibiaB)Coxa C)Tarsus D)Femur E) Trochanter
Correct sequence is
1) B-A-D-E-C 2) B-E-D-A-C 3)A-D-C-B-E 4)A-C-B-E-D

3. Multiple selection type
Choose the correct statements with reference to Cephalopods:
A) Shell maybe external and multi chambered
B) It includes Cuttlefishes
C) Development includes Veligerlarva
D) Blood circulation is open type
1) All 2) A&B 3)C&D 4) A &D

4. Matching type
SET-I SET-II
Scientific names Common Names
A) Pinctada I)Elephant tusk shell
B) Mytilus II) Seahare
C) Dentalium III) PearlOyster
D) Aplysia IV) Marinemussel
V) Ship worm
Identify the correct match between SET-I and SET-II

A B C D
1)III IV II I
2)III I II V
3)III IV I II
4)III V II IV

5. Statement and Reason type
Statement(S) During favourable conditions Euglena undergoes longitudinal binary fission.
Reason (R) Binary fission in Euglena is described as symmetrogenic division as
daughter r individuals are like mirror images.
1) Both S and R correct and R is the correct explanation to „S‟.
2) Both S and R are correct but R is not correct explanation to„S‟.
3) S is correct but R is not correct.
4) S is not correct but R is correct.

MODEL QUESTIONS–PHYSICS

1. A particle starts from origin at t=0 with a velocity of 10 im/s and moves in x-y plane
under the action of force which produces a constant acceleration of (2i + 3j) m/s2 .The y
– coordinate in meters of the particle at the instant its x-coordinate is 24mbecomes
(1) 12 (2) 6 (3) 18 (4) 3
2. When 0.2 kg of ice at 00 C mixed with 0.5 kg of water at 60 0 C in a container\, the
resulting temperature is 100C. The heat of fusion of ice (Swater =4.186J/kg/K)
(1) 1.31 X105J/kg (2) 2.62 X105J/kg
5
(3) 10.46 X10 J/kg (4) 5.23 X105J/kg
3. 5 bulbs each of 100 W are connected across 220 V power supply for domestic
application. If each unit costs Rs.4 then the cost per day in Rs. is
(1) 48 (2) 24 (3) 96 (4) 12
4. A solenoid of length 1.0m has a radius of 1cm and is made up of 1000 turns. It carries a
current of 2.5A. The magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid in Tesla is
(1) πx10-3 (2)πx10-4 (3)πx10-6 (4)πx10-5

MODEL QUESTIONSCHEMISTRY

1. Which one of the following has stable electronic configuration?
(1) N (2) C (3) F (4) Al

2. Which one of the following exhibits acidity?
(1) R-OH (2) R-CHO (3) R-X (4) C6H5-OH
3. Assertion (A): Carbonyl compounds undergo nucleophilic addition reactions.
Reason(R): Carbonyl group is non-polar.
The correct answer is:
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R)is the correct explanation of(A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R)is not the correct explanation of(A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is not true
(4) (A) is not true but (R) is true
4. Match the following:
LIST I LISTII
(A)Pac king eff iciency in ccp stru cture (1)2
(B) Nu mber of atoms in bcc unit cell (2)4
(C)Pac king ef ficiency in simple cubic structure (3)52.4%
(D)Num ber of atoms in fcc unit cell (4)68.0%
(5)74.0%

The correct answer is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) 5 4 3 2
(2) 3 2 1 4
(3) 5 1 3 2
(4) 4 1 2 3

ANNEXURE–III

DEFINITION OF LOCAL / NON-LOCAL STATUS

As per the orders issued by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for 2026-27

ANNEXURE-IV
NORMALIZATION PROCEDURE

The procedure for Normalization is under review. New tools for
Normalization are being explored and the procedure will be placed on the
website after finalization of the procedure by the competent authority.

ANNEXURE–V

CRITERIA FOR RANKING (APEAPCET–2026 “AP”CATEGORY”)

The candidates who have secured qualifying marks in APEAPCET-2026 and candidates
belonging to the category of Scheduled Caste and Schedule Tribe, for whom qualifying marks
have not been prescribed, shall be assigned ranking in the order of merit on the basis of combined
score obtained by giving 75% weightage to the marks secured in AP EAPCET-2026 and
25% weightage to the marks secured in the relevant group subjects namely Mathematics, Physics,
Chemistry of the qualifying examination.

For the preparation of merit list, in case of more than one student securing the same combined
score obtained as mentioned above, the tie shall be resolved to decide the relative ranking by
successively considering the following

(I) The total marks secured in AP EAPCET-2026

(II) The Marks secured in Biology in AP EAPCET-2026

(III) The marks secured in Physics in AP EAPCET-2026

(IV) If the tie still persists, same rank will be given and the older (based on date of birth)
will be given preference over the younger at the time of admissions.

The weightage of marks in the case of candidates belonging to the category of Persons of Indian
Origin (PIO) / Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) Card Holders, will be decided by a committee
constituted by the competent authority.