Class 6 Science Notes for Body Movements

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CLASS 6
SCIENCE

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BODY MOVEMENT

Movements
The ability of organisms to change position, by using their body parts, is called movement.
To know more about Movements, visit the link below;
 Human Body and Its Movements
 Types of Movements
Skeletal System
Skeleton
 Skeleton is the internal structure in organisms, which helps in bringing about movement.
 It forms a framework that gives the shape of the body and provides support to organisms.
 The skeleton is made up of bones.
 Different kinds of bones are joined to each other in a particular manner.

 These joints facilitate various types of movements.
 In higher animals, bones, muscles and cartilage together make the movement possible.
Muscles
 Muscles are parts of the body that help in bringing about movement.
 Muscles may be attached to bones, (humans) or may work alone (earthworm).
Cartilage
 Part of the skeleton that is not hard as bones and can be bent, is cartilage.
 They are found in the upper part of the ear, the tip of the nose and at the tips of long
bones.
Joints
 Joints are the points where two parts of the skeleton are fitted together to make
movement possible.
 Examples are hip joint, elbow joint, knee joint, etc
Ball and Socket Joint
 Ball and socket joint, where the rounded end of one bone fits into the cavity of the other
bone.
 It brings in movement in all directions.
 It is seen in the hips and shoulders of the human body.

Pivot Joint
 A pivotal joint is where a cylindrical bone rotates in a ring.
 It joins the neck to the head.
 It allows to bend the head forward and backwards and turn the head to our left or right.

Hinge Joints
 Hinge joints bring about movement in only back and forth direction.
 The knees and elbows have hinge joints.
 The following image is a hinge joint in the elbow.

Fixed Joints
 Fixed joints are immovable joints because the bones are joined together.
 Such joints are found in the skull.
Gaits of Animals

The different patterns of movement of animals due to the differences in their skeletal structure
are called gaits of animals.
Earthworm
 The earthworm does not have any internal skeleton.
 The body is made up of many rings joined end to end and muscles attached to these rings
help to extend and shorten the body.
 The skin of earthworm also has a large number of tiny bristles that help it get a good grip
on the ground.
 Repeated extension and contraction of the body muscles, enable the earthworm to move
through the soil.
Snail
 Snails move with the help of their muscular, flat foot.
 They glide along a solid surface which is lubricated with mucus.
 This motion is powered by succeeding waves of muscular contractions of the foot.
Cockroach
 The body of a cockroach is covered with a hard outer skeleton that is made of different
units joined together.
 It has three pairs of legs for walking and two pairs of wings attached to the breast for
flying.
 It has distinct muscles that are used for movement.
 The muscles attached to the legs help in walking.
 The breast muscles attached to the wings help in flying, although they are not good
flyers.
Birds
 Birds have special skeletal and muscular structures that help them to fly.
 The forelimbs are modified to become wings and the bones inside are hollow to suit
flying.
 The bones of the hind limbs are used for perching and walking.
 The shoulder bones and breastbones are strong and support muscles of flight, which
move the wings up and down.
Fish
 Fishes have a streamlined body that helps them swim with least resistance.
 They use tail fin for small jerks through water and other fins assist swimming.
 The tail fin is also used for changing directions.
Snakes
 Snakes do not have legs for movement but use their long backbone along with muscles
for movement.
 Their body curves into many loops, which gives it a forward push by pressing against the
ground.

SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. Fill in the blanks.
(a) Joints of the bones help in the ——————— of the body.
(b) A combination of bones and cartilages forms the _______ of the body.
(c) The bones at the elbow are joined by a ______________________ joint.
(d) The contraction of the _____________ pulls the bones during movement.
Solution:
(a) Movement (b) skeleton (c) hinge (d) muscles.
2. Indicate true (T) and false (F) among the following sentences.
(a) The movement and locomotion of all animals are exactly the same. ( )
(b) The cartilages are harder than bones. ( )
(c) The finger bones do not have joints. ( )
(d) The forearm has two bones. ( )
(e) Cockroaches have an outer skeleton. ( )
Solution:
a) False b) False c) False d) True e) True
3. Match the items in Column I with one or more items of Column II.
Solution:
Column I Column II
Upper jaw Have fins on the body

Fish Has an outer skeleton

Ribs Can fly in the air

Snail Is an immovable joint

Cockroach Shows very slow movement

Solution:

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