HBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025 Physics

Haryana Board
Syllabus
2024-25

BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION HARYANA
Syllabus and Chapter wise division of Marks (2024-25)
Class: XII Subject: Physics Code: 850
General Instructions:
1. There will be an Annual Examination based on the entire syllabus.
2. The annual examination (Theory) will be of 70 Marks whereas Practical
examination will be of 30 marks (15 marks each for external and internal
examination). Therefore, Total annual evaluation (70+30) will be of 100
marks.
3. For Practical examination the criteria is as follows:

Total Time: 3 Hours

PRACTICALS
Total Time: 3 Hours Total marks: 30
Evaluation Scheme Marks
Marks allocated for Internal Assessment 15
1. Student Assessment Test 10
Weightage of marks (04 marks of SAT, 02 marks of half
yearly test, 02 marks for preboard, 02 marks for
attendance and classroom participation)
2. Practical file/ Record 03
3. Project Record 02

Marks allocated for External Examination 15
Experiments (two) 09
(one from
each
section)
Activity (One from Syllabus) 03
Viva Voce 03
Total marks 30

1

Course Structure (2024-25)

Class: XII Subject: Physics Code: 850

Sr. Unit Chapter Marks
No.
1 Electrostatic Electric Charges and Fields 8
Electrostatic Potential and
Capacitance
2 Current Electricity Current Electricity 8
3 Magnetic Effects of Moving Charges and Magnetism 9
Current and Magnetism
Magnetism and Matter
4 Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Induction 8
Induction and
Alternating Currents Alternating Current

5 Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Waves 3
6 Optics Ray Optics and Optical
Instruments
14
Wave Optics
7 Dual Nature of Dual Nature of Radiation and 5
Radiation and Matter Matter
8 Atoms and Nuclei Atoms 8
Nuclei
9 Electronic Devices Semiconductor Electronics: 7
Materials, Devices and Simple
Circuits
Total 70
Practical Examination 30
Grand Total 100

2

Unit-I: Electrostatics
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
Electric charge, Basic Properties of Electric charge: Additivity of
charges, conservation of charge, Quantisation of charges,
Coulomb’s law, force between multiple charges.
Electric field, electric field due to a system of charges, physical
significance of electric field, electric field lines, electric dipole, The
field of an electric dipole (for points on the axis and on equatorial
plane) Dipole in a uniform external field. Continuous charge
distribution.
Electric flux, Gauss’s law, Applications of Gauss’s law : Field due
to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire, Field due to
uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, Field due to a uniformly
charged thin spherical shell.

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electrostatic Potential, Potential due to a point charge, Potential
due to an electric dipole, Potential due to a system of charges,
Equipotential surfaces, Relation between field and potential.
Potential energy of a system of charges. Potential energy of a
dipole in an external field.
Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectrics and Polarisation,
capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, Effect of
Dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors (series and
parallel), Energy stored in a capacitor, energy density.

Unit II: Current Electricity
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor,
ohm’s law, drift velocity, current density, mobility and their relation
with electric current, Limitations of ohm’s law, Resistivity of
various materials, Temperature dependence of resistivity, Electrical
energy, Power, cells: EMF, Internal Resistance, cells in series and
in Parallel, Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone bridge.

3

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Concept of magnetic Field, Lorentz force, Magnetic force on a
current carrying conductor, motion of charge in a magnetic field,
Biot Savart Law, Magnetic field on the axis of a circular current
loop, Ampere’s circuital law, Solenoid, force between two parallel
current carrying conductors – definition of ampere, Torque on a
rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field, circular
current loop as a magnetic dipole, Moving coil galvanometer: its
sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative
treatment only), Magnetic field lines, dipole in uniform magnetic
field, Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties
of Materials: Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
The Experiments of Faraday and Henry, Faraday’s law of
Induction, Lens’s law and Conservation of Energy, Motional
Electromotive force, Inductance, sell inductance of the coil, Mutual
Inductance for long co-axial solenoids, Energy stored in inductor,
AC generator.
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Peak and RMS value of alternating current (No derivation), AC
voltage applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC current and
voltage by Rotating vectors – Phasors, AC voltage applied to an
Inductor, AC voltage applied to a capacitor, AC voltage applied to
a series LCR circuit, Resonance, Power in AC circuit: Power
factor, Transformers.

Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves:
Sources and nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic
spectrum: Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible rays, 4

Ultraviolet rays, X-rays, Gamma rays (elementary facts about their
uses).

Unit VI: Optics
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Reflection of light by spherical Mirror, Mirror formula, Refraction
of light, Total Internal Reflection, Applications of TIR, Refraction
at Spherical surfaces, Refraction by a lens, lens maker’s formula.
Power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction
through a prism.
Optical Instruments: Microscope (Simple and Compound),
Telescope (refracting type and reflecting type Cassegrain)

Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Wave front, Huygen’s Principle, Reflection and Refraction of plane
wave using Huygen’s Principle, Coherent sources, Interference of
light waves, Young’s Double slit experiment, condition for
constructive and destructive interference, fringe width (No
derivation). Diffraction due to a single slit (qualitative treatment
only). Polarisation, law of Malus.

Unit VII: Dual nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Electron Emission, Photoelectric effect: Experimental study of
Photoelectric effect, Photoelectric effect and wave theory of light,
Einstein’s Photoelectric equation, Particle Nature of light: photon,
wave nature of matter, de-Broglie formula.

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei
Chapter 12: Atoms
Alpha-particle scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear model of atom,
impact parameter, distance of closest approach, Bohr model of
hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity
and energy of electron in nth orbit, energy level diagram of
hydrogen atom, The line spectra of the Hydrogen atom, De Broglie
explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantization. 5

Chapter 13: Nuclei
Composition and size of nucleus, Mass-Energy relation, mass
defect, binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass
number, nuclear force, Radioactivity (qualitative treatment only),
Nuclear energy: nuclear fission and fusion, Controlled
thermonuclear fusion.

Unit IX: Electronic Devices
Chapter 14: Semiconductors Electronics: Materials, Devices and
Simple Circuits
Classification of Metals, insulators and semiconductor on the basis
of energy bands (qualitative treatment), Intrinsic semiconductor,
Extrinsic semiconductor: P and n type, P-n junction formation,
Semiconductor diode: p-n junction diode under forward bias, p-n
junction diode under reverse bias, semiconductor diode I-V
characteristics in forward and reverse bias, junction diode as
Rectifier: Half wave and full wave rectifier.

6

PRACTICALS:
The record to be submitted by the students, at the time of their annual
examination, has to include:
* Record of at least 8 experiments [with 4 from each section], to be performed
by the students.
* Record of at least 6 Activities [with 3 from each section], to be performed by
the students.
* Report on the project carried out by the students.

SECTION-A
1. To determine resistivity of two/three given wires by plotting a graph for
potential difference versus current.
2. To find resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using meter bridge.
3. To verify the laws of combination (series) / parallel of resistances using a
meter bridge.
4. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to
find its figure of merit.
5. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit)
into a voltmeter/ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.
6. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Activities
1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron
core.
2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity
of a given circuit using multi-meter.
3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off)
switches, a fuse and a power source.
4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady
current.
6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery,
resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are
not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit
diagram. 7

SECTION-B
1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and
to find the focal length.
2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v
or between 1/u and 1/v.
4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a
graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.
6. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
7. To find the refractive index of a liquid using (i) convex lens, (ii) concave
mirror and plane mirror.
8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and
reverse bias.

Activities
1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed
collection of such items.
2. Use of multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode
and an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is
in working order.
3. To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on
an LDR.
4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident
obliquely on a glass slab.
5. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
6. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, or (ii)
concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different
distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
7. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two
lenses from the given set of lenses.

Suggested Investigatory Projects
1. To study various factors on which the internal resistance/EMF of a cell
depends.
2. To study the variations in current flowing in a circuit containing an LDR
because of a variation in 8

(a) the power of the incandescent lamp, used to 'illuminate' the LDR
(keeping all the lamps at a fixed distance).
(b) the distance of a incandescent lamp (of fixed power) used to "illuminate'
the LDR.
3. To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane
mirror, and equiconvex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index)
and an adjustable object needle.
4. To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) output and input voltage
and (ii) number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self-
designed transformer.
5. To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of
incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent
fluids.
6. To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam
(or pith) balls suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb's law.
7. To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a
circuit fed up with an A.C. source of adjustable frequency.

9

Month wise Syllabus Teaching Plan (2024-25)
Class: XII Subject: Physics Code: 850

Month Subject-content Teaching Revision Practical
Periods Periods Periods
April Chapter 1: Electric Charges and 10 2
Fields

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential 12 02
and Capacitance

Practical:
To determine resistivity of
two/three given wires by plotting 8
a graph for potential difference
versus current.
May Chapter 3: Current Electricity 11 02

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and 12 02
Magnetism

Practical:
To find resistance of a given wire 12
/ standard resistor using meter
bridge.
Activities:
To measure the resistance and
impedance of an inductor with or
without iron core.
June Summer Vacation (Project work)
July Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter 09 02

10

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic 12 02
Induction

Practical:
To verify the laws of
combination (series) / parallel of 12
resistances using a meter bridge.
Activities:
To assemble a household
circuit comprising three bulbs,
three (on/off) switches, a fuse
and a power source.
To assemble the components
of a given electrical circuit.

August Chapter 7: Alternating Current 10 04

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic 04 01
Waves

Practical:
To determine resistance of a
galvanometer by half-
deflection method and to find
its figure of merit.
To convert the given 12
galvanometer (of known
resistance and figure of merit)
into a voltmeter/ammeter of
desired range and to verify the
same.
Activities:
To study the variation in potential
drop with length of a wire for a
steady current.
To draw the diagram of a given
open circuit comprising at least
a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, 11

ammeter and voltmeter. Mark
the components that are not
connected in proper order and
correct the circuit and also the
circuit diagram.
September Revision for Half-Yearly Exam 10

Practical:
To find the frequency of AC
mains with a sonometer.
Activities: 10
To measure resistance, voltage
(AC/DC), current (AC) and
check continuity of a given
circuit using multi-meter.

October Chapter 9: Ray Optics and 14 03
Optical Instruments

Chapter 10: Wave optics 10 02

Practical:
1. To find the value of v for
different values of u in case of
a concave mirror and to find 10
the focal length.
2. To find the focal length of a
convex mirror, using a convex
lens.
3.To find the focal length of a
convex lens by plotting graphs
between u and v or between 1/u
and 1/v.
Activities:
To study the nature and size of
the image formed by a (i)
convex lens, or (ii) concave 12

mirror, on a screen by using a
candle and a screen (for
different distances of the
candle from the lens/mirror).

To obtain a lens combination
with the specified focal length
by using two lenses from the
given set of lenses.

November Chapter 11: Dual Nature of 08 02
Radiation and Matter

Chapter 12: Atoms 10 04

Practical:
To find the focal length of a
concave lens, using a convex
lens. 12
To determine angle of minimum
deviation for a given prism by
plotting a graph between angle
of incidence and angle of
deviation.

To determine refractive index of
a glass slab using a travelling
microscope.

Activities:
To observe refraction and lateral
deviation of a beam of light
incident obliquely on a glass
slab.

To observe diffraction of light
due to a thin slit.
13

December Chapter 13: Nuclei 08 02

Chapter 14: Semiconductor 12 04
Electronics: Materials, Devices
and Simple Circuits

Practical:
To find the refractive index of a
liquid using (i) convex lens,
(ii) concave mirror and plane
mirror.
12
To draw the I-V characteristic
curve for a p-n junction diode
in forward and reverse bias.

Activities:
To identify a diode, an LED, a
resistor and a capacitor from a
mixed collection of such items.

Use of multimeter to see the
unidirectional flow of current
in case of a diode and an LED
and check whether a given
electronic component (e.g.,
diode) is in working order.

To study effect of intensity of
light (by varying distance of the
source) on an LDR.
January Revision 10 10
February Revision 08 08
March Annual Examination

14

Note:
1. Subject teachers are advised to direct the students to prepare
notebook of the Terminology/Definitional Words used in the chapters
for enhancement of vocabulary or clarity of the concept.

2. The NCERT textbooks present information in boxes across the
book. These help students to get conceptual clarity. However, the
information in these boxes would not be assessed in the year-
end examination.

Prescribed Books:
1. Physics, Class XII, Part -I and II, Published by BSEH © NCERT.
2. Laboratory Manual of Physics for class XII Published by NCERT.

15

Question Paper Design (2024-25)
Class: XII Subject: Physics
Code: 850 Time: 3 hours

Type of Marks Number Description Total
Question Marks

Objective 1 18 09 Multiple Choice Questions 18
Questions 03 Fill in the blanks
03 One Word Answer Based
03 Assertion-Reason Questions

Very Short 2 7 Internal choice will be given in 14
Answer Type any 3 questions
Question

Short Answer 3 5 Internal choice will be given in 15
Type Question any 2 questions

Case Study 4 2 Internal choice will be given 8
only in one part of both
questions

Long Answer 5 3 Internal options will be given in 15
Type Question all the questions and may be
given in the parts

Total 35 70

16

Haryana Board
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Model Papers

Previous Year Question Papers

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Notes