NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 8TH

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Class : 8th
Subject : Science
Chapter : 1
Chapter Name : CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

Q1 Select the correct word from the following list and �ll in the blanks. �oat, water, crop, nutrients,
preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called _____________.
(b) The �rst step before growing crops is _____________ of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would _____________ on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, suf�cient sunlight and _____________ and _____________ from the soil are
essential.

Answer. (a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called crop
(b) The �rst step before growing crops is preparation
(c) Damaged seeds would �oat on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, suf�cient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.

Page : 13 , Block name : Exercises

Q2 Match items in column A with those in column B.

Answer.

Q3 Give two examples of each.
(a) Kharif crop
(b) Rabi crop

Answer. (a) Kharif crop — paddy
(b) Rabi crop — Wheat, gram

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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science

Q4 Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil
(b) Sowing
(c) Weeding
(d) Threshing

Answer. (a) Preparation of soil:
It is the �rst method to be followed before growing a crop. This method is usually employed for
loosening the soil to allow the root to penetrate deep into it. The loosening of the soil helps in the
growth of several soil microbes, earthworms etc., which enrich the soil with humus and other
essential nutrients. Plants require nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. The process of
loosening is called tilling or ploughing the soil. Tilling of soil brings the nutrient-rich soil to the
top. This helps the plants to utilize the nutrients for their growth.

(b)Sowing:
Sowing is another important step in crop production. It is the process of placing the seed in or on
the soil for future growth. The seeds that are selected for growing should be of good quality. This
will improve the net yield of the crop. Sowing is usually done with the help of either a traditional
tool or a seed drill. The traditional tool is shaped like a funnel. It was used earlier for sowing seeds.
Nowadays, seed drills that make the use of tractors are used for sowing seeds. This tool disperses
seeds uniformly and sows seeds at proper depth. Sowing by this method saves time and also
protects the seeds from birds.

Some important weeding methods are:
(i) Weeds can be controlled using weedicides. It is a chemical, which is sprayed in the �elds to kill
all available weeds. Weedicides are not harmful to crops.
(ii) Tilling before sowing of crops also helps in removing weeds. Tilling uproots the weeds. The best
time for removal of weeds is before they produce �owers and seeds.
(iii) The manual method of removing weeds is with the help of a khurpi. It involves regular
uprooting or cutting of weeds close to the ground.
(d)Threshing:Threshing is the process of separating grains or seeds from chaff. It is done after
harvesting the crop. It is usually carried out with the help of a machine known as 'Combine'. This
machine is a combined harvester and thresher. It harvests plants as well as cleans grains.

Q5 Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.

Answer. Differences between fertilisers and manure:

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Q6 What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water

Answer. Irrigation is the process by which water is supplied to crops at different intervals. The time
and frequency of irrigation varies according to different seasons, crops, and soil types. There are
various sources of irrigation such as wells, canals, rivers, dams, ponds, and lakes. Two methods of
irrigation which help in conservation of water are:
a) Sprinkler system: This system is more useful on uneven land, having fewer water supplies. In this
method, water is supplied using pipes to one or more central locations within the �eld. When water
is allowed to �ow under high pressure with the help of a pump, it gets sprinkled on the crops.
b)Drip system: In this system, water is delivered at or near the roots of plants, drop by drop. This is
the most ef�cient method of irrigation as there is no wastage of water at all. This method is
important in areas where water availability is poor.

Q7 If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss

Answer. If wheat is sown in the kharif season (from June to October), then the whole crop might get
destroyed because of many factors such as lack of optimum temperature, adaptability, availability

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of pests, etc. Kharif season includes the rainy season, which is not favourable for the growth of
wheat crop. Therefore, wheat crop should not be sown during this season.

Q8 Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a �eld.

Answer. Continuous plantation of crops in a �eld makes the soil poor in certain nutrients such as
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. Plants require nutrients for their proper growth and
functioning. When a farmer continues to grow crops one after the other, then all nutrients available
in the soil reduce and the crop yield decreases automatically.

Q9 What are weeds? How can we control them?

Answer. Undesirable plants that grow along with crop plants are known as weeds. Xanthium,
Parthenium, etc. are some common weeds. Weeds compete with the crop for nutrients, light, and
space. As a result, crop plants get lesser nutrients, light, and space for their development. This in
turn, reduces their productivity. Thus, various weeding methods are employed. Some important
weeding methods are:
i. Weeds can be controlled using weedicides. It is a chemical, which is sprayed
in the �elds to kill all available weeds. Weedicides are not harmful to crops.
ii. Tilling before sowing of crops also helps in removing weeds. Tilling uproots the
weeds. The best time for the removal of weeds is before they produce �owers and
seeds.
iii. The manual method of removing weeds is with the help of a khurpi. It involves regular uprooting
or cutting of weeds close to ground

Q10 Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a �ow chart of sugarcane crop production.

Answer. Flow chart of sugarcane crop production

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Book : Science Ncert Solutions | Chapter-1 Science

Q11 Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.
Down
1. Providing water to the crops.
2. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions.
5. Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.
Across
3. A machine used for cutting the matured crop.
4. A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.
6. A process of separating the grain from chaff.

Answer. Down :
1. IRRIGATION
2. STORAGE
5. CROP
Across :
3. HARVESTER
4. GRAM
6. WINNOWING

Page : 15 , Block Name : Exercise

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