PSEB 11th Class Syllabus 2024 Biology

Punjab Board

SYLLABUS
2023-2024

BIOLOGY
(Code No. 054)
2023-24
CLASS-XI·

Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms

Chapter-1: The Living World
Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and
systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial
nomenclature.

Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera,
Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Classification of plants into major groups; Salient and distinguishing
features and a few examples of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta,
Gymnospermae and Angiospermae brief account.

Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla
level and chordates up to class level (salient features and at a few examples
of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)

Unit-II Structural Organization in Animals and Plants

Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf,
inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Description of family Solanaceae.

Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots.

Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory,
respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of frog.

Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function
Chapter-8: Cell –The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelop; cell membrane, cell wall; cell
organelles- structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi bodies, Lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies;
cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and
function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzyme -
types, properties, enzyme action.

C hapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Unit-IV Plant Physiology
Chapter 1 1 : Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis,
pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and
biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and now-cyclic
photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and
C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

Chapter12: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation
(anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy
relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways;
respiratory quotient.

Chapter13: Plant - Growth and Development
Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions
of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence
of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators - auxin,
gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA;

Unit-V Human Physiology

Chapter 14: Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in
humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange
of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory
volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema,
occupational respiratory disorders.

Chapter-15: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition
of lymph and its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human
heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double
circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system -
hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Chapter-16: Excretory Products and their elimination
Modes of excretion-ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human
excretory system-structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation;
regulation of kidney function-renin- angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor,
ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders-
uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney,
kidney transplant.

Chapter -17: Locomotion and Movement
Types of movement-ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle, contractile
proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints;
disorders of muscular and skeletal systems-myasthenia gravis, tetany,
muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.

Chapter-18: Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans-central nervous system;
peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and
conduction of nerve impulse.

Chapter-19: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and harmones; human endocrine system-hypothalamus,
pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads;
mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as
messengers and regulators, hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders;
dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes,
Addison’s disease.
Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological system to be taught in
brief.
PRACTICALS
Time: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 25

Evaluation Marks
Scheme
One Major Experiment Part A 4 Marks
(Experiment No-1,3,7,8)
One Minor Experiment Part A 3 Marks
(Experiment No-6,9,10,11,12,13)
Slide Preparation Part A 3 Marks
(Experiment No-2,4,5)
Spotting Part B 7 Marks
Practical Record+Viva Voce (Credit to the students 4 Marks
Project Record+Viva Voce ‘work over the academic 4 Marks
session may be given)
Total 25 Marks

A: List of Experiments

1. Study and describe locally available common flowering plants, from
family Solanaceae (Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can be
substituted in case of particular geographical location) including
dissection and display of floral whorls, anther and ovary to show
number of chambers (floral formulae and floral diagrams), type of root
(tap and adventitious); type of stem (herbaceous and woody); leaf
(arrangement, shape, venation, simple and compound).
2. Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems
(primary).
3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.

4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo/lily leaves or flashy
scale leaves of onion bulb.)
5. Study of distribution of stomata on the upper and lower surface of leaves.
6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower
surfaces of leaves.
7. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats in suitable plant and
animal materials.
8. Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.
9. Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating
seeds.
10.Test for presence of urea in urine.
11.Test for presence of sugar in urine.
12.Test for presence of albumin in urine.
13.Test for presence of bile salts in urine.

B. Study and Observe the following (spotting):

1. Parts of a compound microscope.
2. Specimen/slides/models and identification with reasons-Bacteria,
Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern,
pine, one monocotyledonous plant, one dicotyledonous plant and one
lichen.
3. Virtual specimens/slides/models and identifying features of –Amoeba,
Hydra, liverfluke, Ascaris, leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honey bee,
snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog, lizard, pigeon and rabbit.
4. Mitosis in onion root tip cells and animals cells (grasshopper) from
permanent slides.
5. Different types of inflorescence (cymose and racemose).
6. Human skeleton and different types of joints with the help of virtual
images/models only.