TS ECET 2024 Syllabus Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

EIE

TS ECET - 2024
Syllabus for ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

MATHEMATICS (50 Marks)

Unit-I: Matrices

Matrices: Definition of Matrix, Types of matrices-Algebra of matrices-Transpose of a matrix-
Symmetric, skew symmetric matrices-Minor, cofactor of an element-Determinant of a square
matrix-Properties-Laplace‘s expansion-singular and non-singular matrices-Adjoint and
multiplicative inverse of a square matrix-System of linear equations in 3 variables-Solutions by
Cramer‘s rule, Matrix inversion method-Gauss-Jordan method.-Partial Fractions: Resolving a given
rational function into partial fractions. Logarithms: Definition of logarithm and its properties,
meaning of ‘e’, exponential function and logarithmic function.

Unit–II: Trigonometry

Properties of Trigonometric functions– Ratios of Compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple
angles – Transformations of Products into sum or difference and vice versa. Properties of triangles:
sine rule, cosine rule, tangent rule and projection rule. Solution of a triangle when (i) three sides
(SSS), (ii) two sides and an included angle (SAS), (iii) one side and two angles are given(SAA).
Inverse Trigonometric functions, Hyperbolic functions.
Complex Numbers: Definition of a complex number, Modulus, amplitude and conjugate of complex
number, arithmetic operations on complex numbers - Modulus-Amplitude form (Polar form) - Euler
form (exponential form).

Unit–III: Analytical Geometry

Straight Lines–different forms of Straight Lines, distance of a point from a line, angle between two
lines, intersection of two non-parallel lines and distance between two parallel lines. Circles-Equation
of circle given center and radius, given ends of diameter-General equation- finding center and radius,
center and a point on the circumference, 3 non-collinear points, center and tangent, equation of
tangent and normal at a point on the circle. Conic Section – Properties of parabola, ellipse and
hyperbola – Standard forms with vertex at origin and axis along co-ordinate axes only, simple
problems.

Unit–IV: Differentiation and its Applications

Functions and limits – Standard limits – Differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions,
function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, Hyperbolic
functions, implicit, explicit and parametric functions–Derivative of a function with respect to
another function-Second order derivatives – Geometrical applications of the derivative(angle
between curves, tangent and normal)–Increasing and decreasing functions–Maxima and
Minima(single variable functions) using second order derivative only physical application – Rate
Measure - Partial Differentiation–Partial derivatives up to second order–Euler’s theorem.

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Unit–V: Integration and its Applications

Indefinite Integral – Standard forms – Integration by decomposition of the integrand, integration of
trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and Hyperbolic functions– Integration by
substitution –Integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors – Integration by parts–
Definite Integrals and properties, Definite Integral as the limit of a sum – Application of Integration
to find areas under plane curves and volumes of Solids of revolution– Mean and RMS values,
Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3 Rule for approximation integrals.

Unit–VI: Differential Equations

Definition of a differential equation-order and degree of a differential equation- formation of
differential equations-solution of differential equation of the type first order first degree, variable-
separable, homogeneous equations, exact, linear differential equation of the form dy/dx+Py=Q,
Bernoulli‘s equation, 2nd order linear differential equations with constant coefficients both
homogeneous and non-homogeneous and finding the Particular Integrals for the functions eax, sin
ax, cos ax, ax2 +bx+c (a,b,c are real numbers).

Unit–VII: Laplace Transforms

Laplace Transforms (LT) of elementary functions-Linearity property, first shifting property, change
of scale property, multiplication by tn and division by t - LT of derivatives and integrals, Unit step
function, LT of unit step function, second shifting property, evaluation of improper integrals, Inverse
Laplace transform (ILT)-shifting theorems, change of scale property, multiplication by sn and
division by s, ILT by using partial fractions and convolution theorem. Applications of LT to solve
linear ordinary differential equations up to second order with initial conditions.

Unit–VIII: Fourier Series

Fourier series, Euler’s formulae over the interval (C, C+2π) for determining the Fourier
coefficients. Fourier series of simple functions in (0, 2π) and (–π, π). Fourier series for even and
odd functions in the interval (–π, π) – Half range Fourier series – sine and cosine series over the
interval (0, π).

PHYSICS( 25 Marks)

Unit-I: UNITS, DIMENSIONS AND MEASUREMENTS

Physical quantity – Fundamental and derived quantities, unit – definitions – system of units –
Advantages of S.I. units.
Dimensions and dimensional formula – definitions, units and dimensional formulae for physical
quantities, Dimensionless quantities, Principle of homogeneity, Applications of dimensional
analysis – Checking the correctness of physical equations – conversion of unit from one system to
another system – problems on density, force and energy.

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Unit-II: VECTORS

Scalar and Vector quantities – definition and examples, representation of a vector, Classification of
vectors - Proper vector, Equal vectors, Unit vector, Negative vector, null vectorand Position vector,
Resolution of avector.
Lami’s theorem, Parallelogram law of vectors – statement- expression for magnitude and direction
of resultant vector –derivation-, Representation of a vector in unit vectors i, j and k. – numerical
problems.
Scalar product of vectors- application to work done by force and power – properties of scalar
product. – Numerical problems.
Vector product of vectors– Right hand thumb rule and righthand screw rule - application to torque -
properties of vector product - Application to area of parallelogram and triangle -numerical problems.

Unit-III: MECHANICS

Concept of Friction - Normal reaction, Angle of friction, Motion of a body over a rough horizontal
surface - expressions for Acceleration, Displacement, Time taken to come to rest - derivations,
inclined plane - Motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and rough inclined plane–forces
acting on the body -angle of repose, Application of friction – brake systemin bicycle– numerical
problems
Projectile motion – definition – examples, Horizontal projection - Oblique projection, Expression
for path of a projectile in oblique projection –derivation, Maximum height, Time of ascent, Time of
descent, Time of flight, Horizontal range and maximum horizontal range in oblique projection–
derivations, numerical problems
Circular motion – definition of angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration,
frequency and time period, Relation between linear and angular velocity – derivation – related
numerical problems,Central force – examples, Expressions for centripetal and centrifugal forces (no
derivation), Applications of centripetal and centrifugal forces - Banking of roads and its expression,
bending of cyclist and principle of centrifuge - related numerical problems.

Unit-IV: PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Elasticity – Elastic body –definition - examples, Stress and Strain – definitions and expressions,
types of stress and strain, elastic limit - Hooke’s law – statement – modulus of elasticity, significance
of stress and strain curve -Young’s modulus – Derivation, numerical problems.
Surface tension - Capillarity –angle of contact – definition- examples for capillarity- Formula for
Surface tension based on capillarity (no derivation), effect of temperature and impurity on surface
tension, applications and illustrations of surface tension, numerical problems.
Viscosity - Newton’s formula for viscous force – derivation - Coefficient of viscosity - Poiseuille’s
equation (formula only), Effect of temperature on viscosity of liquids and gases, applications of
viscosity, numerical problems.
Concept of fluid motion –streamline and turbulent flow,Reynold’s number, equation of continuity,
Bernoulli’s theorem (only formula) and applications - related problems.

Unit-V: CONSERVATION LAWS AND ENERGYSOURCES

Work, Power and Energy – explanation, Potential Energy and Kinetic energy–examples –
expressions for Potential energy and Kinetic energy– derivations, Work-Energy theorem –
derivation, Law of conservation of energy – examples, Law of conservation of energy in the case of
freely falling body – proof – Illustration of conservation of energy in the case of simple pendulum,
related problems

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Unit-VI: HEAT

Heat – thermal expansion of solids – Coefficients of expansions, Boyle’s law – statement, concept
of absolute zero - Absolute scale of temperature, Charles’ laws, Ideal gas equation – derivation -
value of universal gas constant ‘R’, Gas equation in terms of density, Isothermal and Adiabatic
processes - Differences between isothermal and adiabatic processes, Internal energy and External
work done, Expression for work done – derivation, first law of thermodynamics –application of first
law to isothermal and adiabatic processes, second law of thermodynamics, specific heats of a gas,
related numerical problems.

Unit-VII: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

Periodic motion - Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)– definition – examples, Conditions for SHM,
Time period, frequency, amplitude and phase of a particle in SHM, Expressions for Displacement,
Velocity, Acceleration, Time period and frequency of a particle executing SHM – derivations,
Ideal simple pendulum – time period of simple pendulum –derivation, laws of simple pendulum,
Second’s pendulum- related numerical problems

Unit-VIII: SOUND

Stationary waves, beats - applications of beats, echo –definition - applications - relation between
time of echo and distance of obstacle,
Doppler effect in sound (no derivation, formulae only) – list the applications – ultrasound and radar
in medicine and engineering- –derivation- Reverberation and time of reverberation - Sabine’s
formula - Free and forced vibrations - Resonance - Conditions of good auditorium, noise pollution
– causes, effects and methods to minimize noise pollution, related numerical problems.

Unit-IX: MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY

Basics of magnetism, Coulomb’s inverse square law in magnetism, moment of couple on a bar
magnet placed in a uniform magnetic field – derivation, expression for magnetic induction field
strength at a point on the axial line of a bar magnet –derivation,
Kirchhoff’s laws in electricity, Wheatstone bridge – balancing condition, application of Wheatstone
bridge –Meter bridge,
Concept of electromagnetic induction - self-induction and mutual induction, Faraday’s Laws, Lenz’s
law, principle and working of transformer-types of transformers, types of magnetic materials – dia,
para and ferromagnetic materials, related numerical problems.

Unit-X: OPTICS

Light theories-dual nature, reflection, refraction, and interference,
Photo electric effect - Einstein’s photo electric equation – Work function and threshold frequency -
laws of photo electric effect - applications of photo electric effect – photo cell.

Unit-XI: MODERN PHYSICS

LASER – definition, Spontaneous emission and Stimulated emission –principle and working of
LASER, characteristics of LASER- types of LASER, applications of LASER,
Total internal reflection, critical angle, conditions for total internal reflection, Principle and working
of Optical fiber –types- Applications of optical fiber – Nanotechnology, nano particles and nano
materials-applications and devices, Superconductivity-basic concept-applications of
Superconductors.

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Unit-XII: SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

Energy bands in solids- valence band- conduction band – forbidden gap – Energy band diagram of
conductors, insulators and semiconductors – concept of Fermi level - Intrinsic semiconductors -
examples - Concept of holes in semiconductors - Doping - Extrinsic semiconductors - P-type and
N-type semiconductors, PN Junction diode – Forward Biasing and Reverse Biasing - Volt-Ampere
(V-I) characteristics - Applications of PN diode - Diode as rectifier (half wave rectifier), Light
Emitting Diode – principle and working, solar cell – principle and working.

CHEMISTRY (25 Marks)

UNIT-I: FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

Atomic Structure: Introduction – Atomic number – Mass number- Isotopes and Isobars - Bohr's Atomic
Theory - Orbitals - Shapes of s, p and d orbitals – Aufbau principle - Hund's rule - Pauli's exclusion
principle - Electronic configuration of elements.
Chemical Bonding: Introduction – Electronic theory of valency - Types of chemical bonds - Ionic,
Covalent, Co-ordinate covalent, Metallic and Hydrogen bonds with examples - Properties of Ionic and
Covalent compounds - Types of Hydrogen bonds – Effect of hydrogen bonding on physical properties.
Oxidation-Reduction: Electronic concept of Oxidation, Reduction - Oxidation Number - Calculations.

UNIT-II: SOLUTIONS AND COLLOIDS

Introduction - Solution – Solubility - Classification of solutions based on physical state- Atomic weight,
Molecular weight, Equivalent weight - Mole concept – Molarity and Normality - Numerical problems
on mole, molarity and normality – Colloids - Types of colloids - Lyophilic and Lyophobic colloids –
Protective colloids - Gold number - Properties of colloids - Industrial applications of colloids.

UNIT-III: ACIDS AND BASES

Introduction - Theories of acids and bases and limitations - Arrhenius theory - Bronsted -Lowry theory
- Lewis’s acid base theory - Ionic product of water - pH and related numerical problems - Buffer
solutions- buffer action - Applications of buffer solutions- Ostwald’s theory of indicators.

UNIT-IV: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Introduction - Environment - Scope and importance of environmental studies - Important terms - Concept
of ecosystem - Producers, consumers and decomposers - Food chain - Food web - Carbon and nitrogen
cycles - Biodiversity, definition and threats to Biodiversity - Forest resources - Deforestation – Green
Chemistry – E-waste – Management of e-waste.

UNIT-V: WATER TECHNOLOGY

Introduction - Soft and hard water - Causes of hardness – Types of hardness - Disadvantages of hard
water using in industries - Degree of hardness - Softening methods - Permutit process and Ion exchange
process - Drinking water - Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose – Osmosis and Reverse
Osmosis - Advantages of Reverse Osmosis – Desalination by Electro dialysis – Defluoridation –
Nalgonda Technique.

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UNIT-VI: ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Conductors, insulators, electrolytes – Types of electrolytes - Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation
- Electrolysis – Electrolysis of fused NaCl and aqueous NaCl –Applications of electrolysis - Faraday's
laws of electrolysis - Numerical problems.

UNIT-VII:METALLURGY

Characteristics of metals - Distinguish between metals and non-metals - Mineral, Ore, Gangue, Flux,
Slag - Concentration of ore - Construction and operation of Reverberatory furnace and Blast furnace -
Methods of extraction of crude metal - Roasting, Calcination and Smelting – Alloys - Purpose of making
alloys - Composition and uses of Brass, German Silver, Nichrome, Stainless Steel and Duralumin.

UNIT–VIII: CORROSION

Corrosion - Factors influencing the rate of corrosion – Dry and wet theories of corrosion – Composition
cell, Stress cell and Concentration cell - Rusting of iron and its mechanism - Prevention of corrosion –
Protective coatings - Cathodic protection - Paint – Constituents of paint – Functions of constituents of
paint.

UNIT–IX: POLYMERS

Polymers - Polymerization - Types of polymerizations – Addition polymerization and Condensation
polymerization - Plastics - Types of plastics - Advantages of plastics over traditional materials -
Disadvantages of using plastics - Preparation and uses of the some plastics; 1. Polythene 2. PVC 3.
Teflon 4. Polystyrene 5. Urea formaldehyde 6. Bakelite - Compounding and moulding of plastics –
Natural rubber – Vulcanization of natural rubber - Elastomers – Preparation and uses of Butyl rubber,
Buna-S rubber and Neoprene rubber - Fibres - Preparation and uses of Nylon 6,6 and Polyester
(Polyethylene terephthalate) - Biodegradable polymers and their general applications.

UNIT–X: FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

Definition and classification of fuels - Characteristics of good fuels - Calorific value - HCV and LCV -
Calculation of oxygen required for combustion of methane and ethane – Preparation method,
composition, calorific value, and uses of some gaseous fuels; a) CNG b) LPG c) Water gas, d) Producer
gas, e) Coal gas, and f) Bio gas – Explosives – Classification of explosives – Applications of explosives
– Lubricants – Classification and functions of lubricants.

UNIT-XI: ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND BATTERIES

Galvanic cell - Standard electrode potential - Reference electrodes - Types of reference electrodes -
Electro chemical series - EMF of cells and batteries -Types of batteries - Fuel cells.

UNIT–XII: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Introduction - Classification of air pollutants based on origin and physical state of matter - Air pollution
– Causes, effects and controlling methods of air pollution - Water pollution – Causes, effects and
controlling methods of water pollution – Soil pollution – Causes of soil pollution – General effects of
soil pollution - Controlling methods of soil pollution – Carbon Trading - Causes and effects - Control
measures.
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ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING (100 Marks)

UNIT-I:

Electrical Engineering: Basic principles of electricity: Ohm‘s law, Kirchhoff‘s laws, Ideal voltage
source, Ideal current source and its conversions,.
Network theorems & Machines: Node voltage and Mesh current analysis, Crammers rule,
Reciprocating theorem for impedance matching, Superposition theorem, Thevenin’s and Norton‘s
theorems, DC Maximum power transfer theorem, Resonance in series circuits, Q-factor, Motors and
generators.
AC Machines: Alternator, Induction motor, Synchronous motor.

UNIT-II:

Electronics: Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors and their specifications, , Conductors,
Semiconductors and Insulators, Formation of P-N junction, Forward and Reverse biasing voltages,
Zener diode, Varactor diode, Tunnel diode and their applications, Diode as rectifier, Half wave
rectifier, Full wave rectifier, Need for filter, Classification of filters, Working of clipper and clamper
using diodes, Working and Configurations of PNP and NPN transistors, UJT, FET, Photo Diode &
Photo Transistors, LED, LCD.
Amplifiers: h-parameter model of CE, CB and CC amplifiers, RC coupled amplifier, Transformer
coupled amplifier, Darlington and Cascode amplifiers, Class-A and Class-B push-pull amplifier,
Complementary type power amplifier, Heat sinks, Oscillator principle, RC phase shift oscillator,
Hartley oscillator, Colpitt’s oscillator, Bootstrap sweep circuit, Current sweep circuit using
transistor, Transistor as an amplifier in different configurations, AC and DC load line, Operating
points, Direct coupled amplifier, Differential amplifier, Positive and Negative feedback amplifiers.

UNIT-III:

Digital Electronics: Number systems, Different postulates, De-Morgan’s theorems, Simplification
of Boolean expressions, K-map (up to 3 variables reductions), Logic families – TTL NAND and
CMOS NAND gates - Logic gates, Half adder, Full adder, Serial adder, Parallel adder, 2’s
complement subtractor – Tristate Buffer. RS, T, D and Master- slave JK type flip-flops, Encoders,
Decoders, 4x1 Multiplexer, 1x4 De-multiplexer, Counters, Modulus of counter, Synchronous,
Asynchronous counters and their working, Decade counter, Ripple counter, Binary counter, up down
counter. Registers, Shift registers, Universal shift register, Basic memories (RAM and ROM). Types
of memories - EEPROM, UVPROM, Applications of flash ROM.

UNIT-IV:

Process Instrumentation: Fundamentals of Instrumentation, Basic transducer theory for the
measurement of displacement (LVDT, Potentiometer, inductive, capacitive, RVDT) Angular
velocity (Moving iron, Moving coil type), AC & DC tacho generators, Photoelectric tachometer.
Temperature (Thermometers, RTD, Thermo couple, Thermistor, Pyrometers) Pressure (Elastic
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elements, Strain gauge, Piezoelectric transducer, Dead weight tester), Variable capacitance pressure
transducer, Mcleodguage, Flow (Bernoulli’s theorem, Head type flow meters, Rotameter,
Electromagnetic flow meter, Anemometers, Ultrasonic flow meter, thermal flow meters), Level
measurement (Resistive method, capacitive method, gamma rays method, ultrasonic method), Force
and torque-working of load cell, column type, proving ring, hydraulic, pneumatic, piezo electric,
digital force transducers. Density and viscosity-displacement type, fluid dynamic type, ultrasonic
type density measurement, capillary viscometer, falling ball viscometer and rotational viscometer.
Humidity-Hair hygrometer. Nuclear instrumentation-Types of ionization radiation, radiation
detectors (Geiger Muller, Ionization chamber, Scintillation counter method). Smart sensors-
Evolution of smart sensors (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th generation)-Proximity sensors, IR sensors, Motion
detection sensors, accelerometer sensors, Gyroscope sensors.
Instrumentation in process industries: Power plant, Petro chemical, Iron and Steel, Paper and
Pulp plant, cement plant, textile industry.

UNIT-V:

Control Engineering: Basics of open loop and closed loop control systems.
Process Control: Different process variables, Process characteristics, Control system parameters,
ON-OFF Control, Proportional, Integral and Derivative Controllers, PID Controller, Tuning of PID
Controller, Flapper nozzle system Actuators (Pneumatic, Electro-Pneumatic, Hydraulic) P to I and
I to P converters, Solenoid valve, Stepper motor actuator, Basics of control valves, Classification of
control valves-Sliding stem control valve-Single seat plug, Rotating shaft, Butterfly control valves,
Cascade Controller, Ratio Controller, Feed forward control systems, Adaptive Control, Line
Diagrams, Letter Codes, Standards.

UNIT-VI:

Linear IC Applications:
Types of ICs: Based on integration (SSI, MSI, LSI and VLSI).
Characteristics of Operational Amplifier : Applications of Operational Amplifier like Summer,
Integrator, Differentiator, Inverter, Voltage follower, Voltage to Current Converter, Current to
Voltage Converter, Op-amp based LPF, HPF, Square wave Generator, Triangular wave generator,
Mono Stable Multi-vibrator, Astable multi-vibrator, Wien-bridge Oscillator, Schmitt Trigger,
ADC(Counter type & Successive approximation type) and DAC(R-2R ladder method & weighted
resistor method), Applications of 555 timer IC (Mono stable multi vibrator, Astable multi vibrator,
Square wave generator) Regulated power supply using 78XX regulator, PLL-LM565.

UNIT-VII:

Microcontroller and PLC’s: Architecture and Instruction set of 8051 Microcontroller,
Programming concepts of 8051, interfacing peripherals (8255, 8251 and 8257) and Applications of
8051. PLCs: Basics of PLC architecture, Instruction set of PLC and PLC ladder diagrams of various
applications, Basic concepts of SCADA, DCS, DAS, ROBOT, CNC.

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UNIT – VIII:

Electronic Measuring instruments: Analog Instruments: PMMC movement, Ammeter,
Voltmeter and Ohm meter using PMMC movement, Extension of range of Ammeter and Voltmeter,
Rectifier type Voltmeter and Ammeter, Principle of Moving Iron instruments, FET input voltmeter,
Differential voltmeter, Wheatstone bridge, Maxwell bridge, Schering bridge, Megger.
Digital instruments: Digital multi meter, Digital LCR meter, Ramp type digital volt meter,
Successive approximation type digital volt meter, Digital frequency meter.
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: CRT, Time base generator, Deflection sensitivity, Triggered sweep
circuits, CRO applications, Storage oscilloscopes, Digital oscilloscopes, Dual trace oscilloscope.
Signal generators & Other instruments: AF Oscillator, RF Signal generator, Function generator,
Q-Meter, Distortion Factor Meter, Digital IC tester, Logic analyzer, XY recorders, Plotters,

UNIT-IX

Analytical and Bio-medical instrumentation:
Analytical instrumentation: Electromagnetic Spectrum, Beer Lambert’s Law, Mono chromator,
Light Sources and Detectors, Spectrophotometer (UV, Visible, IR), Flame Photometer, Spectro
flourometer, Interferometer, Refractometer, Polari meter, Different types of Gas Analyzers, Mass
Spectrometer, Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography, Auto analyzer
Bio-medical Instrumentation; Bio electricity – Resting and action potential, Types of Bio Potential
signals generated in human body, Electrodes used for Bio potential measurement, Analysis &
measurement of ECG, EEG, EMG. Blood Pressure-Types of measurement, Electromagnetic Blood
flow meter, Ultrasonic Blood flow meter.
Therapeutic Instruments such as Cardiac Pacemakers, Defibrillators, Dialysis machine and Modern
imaging systems such as X-Ray CAT, MRI

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