NCERT Book Class 11 Biology Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases

UNIT 5
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Chapter 14 The reductionist approach to study of life forms resulted in increasing
Breathing and Exchange use of physico-chemical concepts and techniques. Majority of these
of Gases studies employed either surviving tissue model or straightaway cell-
free systems. An explosion of knowledge resulted in molecular biology.
Chapter 15 Molecular physiology became almost synonymous with biochemistry
Body Fluids and and biophysics. However, it is now being increasingly realised that
Circulation neither a purely organismic approach nor a purely reductionistic
molecular approach would reveal the truth about biological processes
Chapter 16 or living phenomena. Systems biology makes us believe that all living
Excretory Products and phenomena are emergent properties due to interaction among
their Elimination components of the system under study. Regulatory network of
molecules, supra molecular assemblies, cells, tissues, organisms and
Chapter 17 indeed, populations and communities, each create emergent
Locomotion and Movement properties. In the chapters under this unit, major human physiological
processes like, exchange of gases, blood circulation, locomotion and
Chapter 18 movement are described in cellular and molecular terms. The last
Neural Control and two chapters point to the coordination and regulation of body events
Coordination at the organismic level.

Chapter 19
Chemical Coordination
and Integration