CBSE Senior Secondary Syllabus 2027 Physics

FOR CBSE SENIOR SECONDARY SYLLABUS EXAM PREPARATION

CBSE Senior
Secondary Syllabus
2027
Question Paper ·
Physics
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT

CBSE Senior Secondary Syllabus 2027 Question Paper Physics

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

m
m .co

m .co s e m
se
PHYSICS
l a
Subject Code – 042 g
a
Class XI-XII
Class XI-XII(2025-26)
(2026-27)

Senior Secondary stage of school education is a stage of transition from general education
to discipline-based focus on curriculum. The present updated syllabus keeps in view the
rigor and depth of disciplinary approach as well as the comprehension level of learners.
m
o m
Due care has also been taken that the syllabus is comparable to the international
c m .co
standards. Salient. features of the syllabus include: e
em l as
l as ag
g
a on basic conceptual understanding of the content.
 Emphasis

 Emphasis on use of SI units, symbols, nomenclature of physical quantities and
formulations as per international standards.

 Providing logical sequencing of units of the subject matter and proper placement
of concepts with their linkage for better learning.

m
.co
 Reducing the curriculum load by eliminating overlapping of concepts/content within the
discipline and other disciplines.
s em
g la
 Promotion of process-skills, problem-solving abilities and applications of Physics
concepts. a

Besides, the syllabus also attempts to

Strengthen the concepts developed at the secondary stage to provide firm foundation
for further learning in the subject.
m
m Expose the learners to different processes used in Physics-related industrial and
.co
m .co technological applications.
s em
as e g la
g l a
Develop process-skills and experimental, observational, manipulative, decision making

a and investigatory skills in the learners.

Promote problem solving abilities and creative thinking in learners.

Develop conceptual competence in the learners and make them realize and appreciate
the interface of Physics with other disciplines.

m .
m .co s e m
s e l a
g l a ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 1 of 23

PHYSICS (Code No. 042)
COURSE STRUCTURE
Class XI - 2026-27 (Theory)

Time: 3 hrs. Max Marks: 70

UNIT CHAPTERS MARKS

Unit–I Physical World and Measurement

Chapter–1: Units and Measurements

Unit-II Kinematics

Chapter–2: Motion in a Straight Line
23
Chapter–3: Motion in a Plane

Unit–III Laws of Motion

Chapter–4: Laws of Motion

Unit–IV Work, Energy and Power

Chapter–5: Work, Energy and Power

Unit–V Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body

Chapter–6: System of Particles and Rotational Motion 17

Unit-VI Gravitation

Chapter–7: Gravitation

Unit–VII Properties of Bulk Matter

Chapter–8: Mechanical Properties of Solids

Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Chapter–10: Thermal Properties of Matter

Unit–VIII Thermodynamics 20
Chapter–11: Thermodynamics

Unit–IX Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases

Chapter–12: Kinetic Theory

Unit–X Oscillations and Waves

Chapter–13: Oscillations 10

Chapter–14: Waves

Total 70

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 2 of 23

Unit I: Physical World and Measurements

Chapter–1: Units and Measurements

Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and
derived units. significant figures, Determining the uncertainty in result. Dimensions of
physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.

Unit II: Kinematics

Chapter–2: Motion in a Straight Line

Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Elementary concepts of differentiation and
integration for describing motion, uniform and non- uniform motion, average speed and
average velocity and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity - time
and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical and calculus
treatment).

Chapter–3: Motion in a Plane

Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their
notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and
subtraction of vectors, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components,
Scalar and Vector product of vectors.

Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration- projectile motion,
uniform circular motion.

Unit III: Laws of Motion

Chapter–4: Laws of Motion

Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum and Newton's
second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion.

Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.

Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction,
lubrication.

Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion
(vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 3 of 23

m
m .co

c. o Unit IV: s e m
m Work, Energy and Power
a
se Chapter– 5: Work, Energy and Power ag l
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work- energy theorem,
power.

Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: non-conservative
forces, motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
m
m .co
Unit V:
.co
Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body
m s e m
s e of Particles and Rotational Motion g l a
a
Chapter–6: System

Centre ofa
mass
a
gl of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and Centre of mass motion.
Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod. Moment of a force, torque,
angular momentum, law of conservation of angular momentum and its applications.

Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison
of linear and rotational motions.

m
.co
Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical

m
objects (no derivation).

s e
g la
Unit VI: Gravitation a
Chapter – 7: Gravitation

Kepler's laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and
its variation with altitude and depth.

Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential, escape speed, orbital velocity of a
m
.co
satellite, energy of an orbiting satellite.
m
.co s e m
s emUnit VII: Properties of Bulk Matter g l a
g la Chapter–8: Mechanical Properties of Solids a
a
Elasticity, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear
modulus of rigidity (qualitative idea only), Poisson's ratio; elastic energy. Application of elastic
behavior of materials (qualitative idea only).

m .
m .co s e m
s e l a
g l a ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 4 of 23

Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic
brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure.

Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity,
Bernoulli's theorem and its simple applications (Torricelli's law and Dynamic lift).

Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved
surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.

Chapter–10: Thermal Properties of Matter

Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases,
anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv - calorimetry; change of state
- latent heat capacity.

Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, qualitative ideas of
Blackbody radiation, Wein's displacement Law, Stefan's law.

Unit VIII: Thermodynamics

Chapter–11: Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, work
and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics, Second law of thermodynamics:
Thermodynamic state variable and equation of state. Change of condition of gaseous state -
isothermal, adiabatic, reversible, irreversible, and cyclic processes.

Unit IX: Behavior of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases

Chapter–12: Kinetic Theory

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas.

Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of
temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi-partition of energy
(statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free
path, Avogadro's number.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 5 of 23

Unit X: Oscillations and Waves

Chapter–13: Oscillations

Periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions
and their applications.

Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M), uniform circular motion and its equations of motion; phase;
oscillations of a loaded spring- restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.
Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum derivation of expression for its time period.

Chapter–14: Waves

Wave motion: Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of travelling wave, displacement
relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves,
standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 6 of 23

m
m .co

m .co s em
la
PRACTICALS
se ag
The record, to be submitted by the students, at the time of their annual examination, has
to include:

• Record of at least 8 Experiments [with 4 from each section], to be performed by the
students.

•
m
Record of at least 6 Activities [with 3 each from section A and section B], to be

c o m
performed by the students.
m .co
m . carried out by the students.
• Report of the project s e
s e l a
l a ag
ag EVALUATION SCHEME

Time 3 hours Max. Marks: 30

Topic Marks

Two experiments one from each section 7+7
Practical record (experiment and activities) 5
m
One activity from any section
.co 3
Investigatory Project
s em 3

g laand project
a
Viva on experiments, activities 5
Total 30

SECTION–A
Experiments

o m
1. To measure diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body and to measure internal
m c
. and hence
c. o diameter m
and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using Vernier Callipers
s e
e m find its volume.
l a
l as g
2. To measure diameter of a given wire and thickness ofa a given sheet using screw
ag
gauge.

3. To determine volume of an irregular lamina using screw gauge.

4. To determine radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a spherometer.

5. To determine the mass of two different objects using a beam balance.

m .
.co m
6. To find the weight of a given body using parallelogram law of vectors.

m s e
s e l a
g l a ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 7 of 23

7. Using a simple pendulum, plot its graph and use it to find the effective length of
second's pendulum.

8. To study variation of time period of a simple pendulum of a given length by taking bobs
of same size but different masses and interpret the result.

9. To study the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction and to
find the co- efficient of friction between a block and a horizontal surface.

10. To find the downward force, along an inclined plane, acting on a roller due to
gravitational pull of the earth and study its relationship with the angle of inclination θ by
plotting graph between force and Sinθ.

Activities

1. To make a paper scale of given least count, e.g., 0.2cm, 0.5 cm.

2. To determine mass of a given body using a metre scale by principle of moments.

3. To plot a graph for a given set of data, with proper choice of scales and error bars.

4. To measure the force of limiting friction for rolling of a roller on a horizontal plane.

5. To study the variation in range of a projectile with angle of projection.

6. To study the conservation of energy of a ball rolling down on an inclined plane (using
a double inclined plane).

7. To study dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between
square of amplitude and time.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 8 of 23

SECTION–B

Experiments

1. To determine Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire.

2. To find the force constant of a helical spring by plotting a graph between load and
extension.

3. To study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at constant
temperature by plotting graphs between P and V, and between P and 1/V.

4. To determine the surface tension of water by capillary rise method.

5. To determine the coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal
velocity of a given spherical body.

6. To study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time by plotting a
cooling curve.

7. To determine specific heat capacity of a given solid by method of mixtures.

8. To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant
tension using sonometer.

9. To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constant
frequency using sonometer.

10. To find the speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube by two
resonance positions.

Activities

1. To observe change of state and plot a cooling curve for molten wax.
2. To observe and explain the effect of heating on a bi-metallic strip.
3. To note the change in level of liquid in a container on heating and interpret the
observations.
4. To study the effect of detergent on surface tension of water by observing capillary rise.

5. To study the factors affecting the rate of loss of heat of a liquid.

6. To study the effect of load on depression of a suitably clamped metre scale loaded at
(i) its end (ii) in the middle.
7. To observe the decrease in pressure with increase in velocity of a fluid.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 9 of 23

m
m .co

m .co s em
se Students Class XI gl
a
Practical Examination for Visually Impaired

a
Note: Same Evaluation scheme and general guidelines for visually impaired students as given
for Class XII may be followed.

A. Items for Identification/Familiarity of the apparatus for assessment in practical’s
(All experiments)

m
m .co
Spherical ball, Cylindrical objects, vernier calipers, beaker, calorimeter, Screw gauge,

.co
wire, Beam balance, spring balance, weight box, gram and milligram weights, forceps,
m s e m
s e
Parallelogram law of vectors apparatus, pulleys and pans used in the same l a
‘weights’
g
a a
used,l Bob and string used in a simple pendulum, meter scale, split cork, suspension
g
a
arrangement, stop clock/stop watch, Helical spring, suspension arrangement used,
weights, arrangement used for measuring extension, Sonometer, Wedges, pan and
pulley used in it, ‘weights’ Tuning Fork, Meter scale, Beam balance, Weight box, gram
and milligram weights, forceps, Resonance Tube, Tuning Fork, Meter scale,
Flask/Beaker used for adding water.

m
B. List of Practicals
.co
s em
la and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using
1. To measure diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body using vernier calipers.

a g
2. To measure the internal diameter
vernier calipers and hence find its volume.
3. To measure diameter of given wire using screw gauge.
4. To measure thickness of a given sheet using screw gauge.
5. To determine the mass of a given object using a beam balance.
6. To find the weight of given body using the parallelogram law of vectors.
m
.co
7. Using a simple pendulum plot L-T and graphs. Hence find the effective length of
m
.co em
second’s pendulum using appropriate length values.

e m s
la a graph between load
l as a g
8. To find the force constant of given helical spring by plotting

ag and extension.

9. (i) To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under
constant tension using a sonometer.

(ii) To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension, for
constant frequency, using a sonometer.
10. To find the speed of sound in air, at room temperature, using a resonance tube, by
m .
.co
observing the two resonance positions.
m s e m
s e l a
g l a ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 10 of 23

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than
recording observations.

Prescribed Books:

1. Physics Part-I, Textbook for Class XI, Published by NCERT
2. Physics Part-II, Textbook for Class XI, Published by NCERT
3. Laboratory Manual of Physics, Class XI Published by NCERT
4. The list of other related books and manuals brought out
by NCERT (consider multimedia also).

Note:

The content indicated in NCERT textbooks as excluded for the year 2026-27 is not to
be tested by schools.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 11 of 23

CLASS XII (2026-27)
PHYSICS (THEORY)

Time: 3 hrs. Max Marks: 70

UNIT CHAPTERS MARKS

Unit–I Electrostatics
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 16

Unit-II Current Electricity

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Unit-III Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 17

Unit-IV Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Unit–V Electromagnetic Waves

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

Unit–VI Optics 18
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Unit–VII Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Unit–VIII Atoms and Nuclei 12
Chapter–12: Atoms

Chapter–13: Nuclei

Unit–IX Electronic Devices
Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices 7

and Simple Circuits

Total 70

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 12 of 23

m
m .co

c. o Unit I: s e m
m Electrostatics
a
se Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields ag l
Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two- point charges,
forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric
field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.
m
m .co
Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely

.co
long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical
s e m
s em l a
ag
shell (field inside and outside).

g la
a Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Chapter–2:

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and
system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point
charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics

o m
c
and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and

m . with and without dielectric medium
e (no derivation, formulae only).
in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor

la s
between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor

a g
Unit II: Current Electricity

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and
their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear),

o m
m . c
electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence
ofcoresistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of
. e ma cell, combination

e m l as
l as of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone
g
bridge.
a
ag Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.
Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.

m
Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight solenoid (only
.
.co
qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
m s e m
s e l a
g l a ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 13 of 23

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel
current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in
uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment,
moving coil galvanometer- its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field
intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis
(qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic
field (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines.

Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro – magnetic substances with examples,
Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Self and
mutual induction.

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and
impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor,
wattless current. AC generator, Transformer.

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their
transverse nature (qualitative idea only).

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays,
gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 14 of 23

Unit VI: Optics

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total
internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula,
lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact,
refraction of light through a prism.

Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting)
and their magnifying powers.

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at
a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s
principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No
derivation final expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light,
diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's
photoelectric equation-particle nature of light.
Experimental study of photoelectric effect
Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei

Chapter–12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of hydrogen
atom, Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of electron in nth orbit,
hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

Chapter–13: Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force

Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass
number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 15 of 23

m
m .co

m .co s e m
se Unit IX: Electronic Devices
g la
a
Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic
and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction

Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction
diode -diode as a rectifier.
m
m .co
m .co s em
s e l a
l a ag
ag

m
m .co
s e
g la
a

m
m .co
m .co s e m
s e g l a
g l a a
a

m .
m .co s e m
s e l a
g l a ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 16 of 23

PRACTICALS

The record to be submitted by the students at the time of their annual examination has to
include:

Record of at least 8 Experiments [with 4 from each section], to be performed by the
students.
Record of at least 6 Activities [with 3 each from section A and section B], to be
performed by the students.
The Report of the project carried out by the students.

Evaluation Scheme
Max. Marks: 30 Time 3 hours

Two experiments one from each section 7+7 Marks
Practical record [experiments and activities] 5 Marks
One activity from any section 3 Marks
Investigatory Project 3 Marks
Viva on experiments, activities and project 5 Marks
Total 30 marks

Experiments SECTION–A

1. To determine resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference
versus current.

2. To find resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using metre bridge.

3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.

OR

To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.

4. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its
figure of merit.

5. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a
voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.

OR
To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an
ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.

6. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 17 of 23

Activities
1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.

2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given
circuit using multimeter.

3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse

and a power source.

4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.

6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery,
resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not
connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION-B
Experiments

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the
focal length.
2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.

3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between
1/u and 1/v.

4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.

5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between
angle of incidence and angle of deviation.

6. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.

7. To find the refractive index of a liquid using convex lens and plane mirror.

8. To find the refractive index of a liquid using a concave mirror and a plane mirror.

9. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse
bias.

Activities
1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such
items.
2. Use of multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an
LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 18 of 23

m
m .co

m .co s em
3. To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
se g laof light incident obliquely on a
a
4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam
glass slab.

5. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
6. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, or (ii) concave
mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle
from the lens/mirror).
m
o m
7. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from
c m .co
m . lenses.
the given set of
s e
s e l a
a
l Investigatory Projects ag
ag
Suggested

1. To study various factors on which the internal resistance/EMF of a cell depends.
2. To study the variations in current flowing in a circuit containing an LDR because of a
variation in

(a) the power of the incandescent lamp, used to 'illuminate' the LDR (keeping all

m
the lamps at a fixed distance).

c o
. (of fixed power) used to 'illuminate' the
m
(b) the distance of an incandescent lamp

s e
la water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane mirror, an
LDR.
3. To find the refractive indices ofg(a)
a
equiconvex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index) and an adjustable
object needle.
4. To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) output and input voltage and (ii)
number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self-designed transformer.
5. To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence

o m
c
using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids.
m .
c. o6. To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical s
m
elaw.
Styrofoam (or pith)

e m balls suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb's a
ldepends by observing the
l as a g
g
7. To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil
a effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
A.C. source of adjustable frequency.
8. To study the earth's magnetic field using a compass needle -bar magnet by plotting
magnetic field lines and tangent galvanometer.

m .
m .co s e m
s e l a
g l a ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 19 of 23

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students of
Classes XI and XII Evaluation Scheme

Time 2 hours Max. Marks: 30

Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus 5 marks
Written test (based on given/prescribed practicals) 10 marks
Practical Record 5 marks
Viva 10 marks
Total 30 marks

General Guidelines
 The practical examination will be of two-hour duration.

 A separate list of ten experiments is included here.

 The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the time of
practical examination of all other students.

 The written test will be of 30 minutes duration.

 The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should contain a
total of 15 practical skill based very short answer type questions. A student would be
required to answer any 10 questions.

 A writer may be allowed to such students as per CBSE examination rules.

 All questions included in the question papers should be related to the listed practicals.

 Every question should require about two minutes to be answered.

 These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is expected to
record at least five of the listed experiments as per the specific instructions for each
subject. These practicals should be duly checked and signed by the internal examiner.

 The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim, apparatus
required, simple theory, procedure, related practical skills, precautions etc.

 Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and used for
assessment.

 The viva questions may include questions based on basic theory/principle/concept,
apparatus/ materials/chemicals required, procedure, precautions, sources of error etc.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 20 of 23

Class XII

A. Items for Identification/ familiarity with the apparatus for assessment in
practicals (All experiments)

Meter scale, general shape of the voltmeter/ammeter, battery/power supply, connecting
wires, standard resistances, connecting wires, voltmeter/ammeter, meter bridge, screw
gauge, jockey Galvanometer, Resistance Box, standard Resistance, connecting wires,
Potentiometer, jockey, Galvanometer, Lechlanche cell, Daniell cell [simple distinction
between the two vis-à-vis their outer (glass and copper) containers], rheostat connecting
wires, Galvanometer, resistance box, Plug-in and tapping keys, connecting wires
battery/power supply, Diode, Resistor (Wire-wound or carbon ones with two wires
connected to two ends), capacitors (one or two types), Inductors, Simple
electric/electronic bell, battery/power supply, Plug- in and tapping keys, Convex lens,
concave lens, convex mirror, concave mirror, Core/hollow wooden cylinder, insulated
wire, ferromagnetic rod, Transformer core, insulated wire.

B. List of Practicals

1. To determine the resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph between
voltage and current.
2. To verify the laws of combination (series/parallel combination) of resistances by
Ohm’s law.
3. To find the resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using a meter bridge.
4. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
5. To identify a resistor, capacitor, inductor and diode from a mixed collection of such
items.
6. To observe the difference between
(i) a convex lens and a concave lens
(ii) a convex mirror and a concave mirror and to estimate the likely difference
between the power of two given convex /concave lenses.
7. To design an inductor coil and to know the effect of
(i) change in the number of turns
(ii) Introduction of ferromagnetic material as its core material on the inductance of
the coil.
8. To design a (i) step up (ii) step down transformer on a given core and know the
relation between its input and output voltages.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 21 of 23

m
m .co

m .co s em
se g la manner rather than recording
a
Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential
observations.

Prescribed Books:

1. Physics, Class XI, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.

2. Physics, Class XII, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.
m
o m
3. Laboratory Manual of Physics for class XII Published by NCERT.
c m .co
. s e
s emalso).
4. The list of other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider
g l a
la
multimedia
g a
a
Note:

The content indicated in NCERT textbooks as excluded for the year 2026-27 is not to
be tested by schools and will not be assessed in the Board examinations 2026-27.

m
m .co
s e
g la
a

m
m .co
m .co s e m
s e g l a
g l a a
a

m .
m .co s e m
s e l a
g l a ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 22 of 23

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN
Theory (Class: XI/XII)
Maximum Marks: 70 Duration: 3 hrs.

S No. Typology of Questions Total Approximate
Marks Percentage
1 Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned 27 38 %
material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and
answers.
Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and
ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting,
giving descriptions, and stating main ideas

2 Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying 22 32%
acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a
different way.
3 Analysing : Examine and break information into parts by 21 30%
identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find
evidence to support generalizations
Evaluating:
Present and defend opinions by making judgments about
information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a
set of criteria.
Creating:
Compile information together in a different way by
combining elements in a new pattern or proposing
alternative solutions.
Total Marks 70 100
Practical 30
Gross Total 100

Note:
The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating
similar templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of
questions same.
For more details kindly refer to Sample Question Paper of class XII for the year 2026-
27 to be published by CBSE at its website.

For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 23 of 23