ICSE Class 10 Syllabus 2028 Geography (Thailand)

ICSE
INDIAN CERTIFICATE OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION
EXAMINATION
YEAR 2028

H.C.G
GEOGRAPHY
(THAILAND 58)

Developed by:
Research, Development and Curriculum Division (RDCD)
CISCE

January 2026
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Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE)

MISSION STATEMENT

The Council for the Indian School Certificate
Examinations is committed to serving the nation's
children, through high quality educational
endeavours, empowering them to contribute towards
a humane, just and pluralistic society, promoting
introspective living, by creating exciting learning
opportunities, with a commitment to excellence.

ETHOS OF CISCE

Trust and fair play.
Minimum monitoring.
Allowing schools to evolve their own niche.
Catering to the needs of the children.
Giving freedom to experiment with new ideas
and practices.
Diversity and plurality - the basic strength for
evolution of ideas.
Schools to motivate pupils towards the
cultivation of:
Excellence - The Indian and Global
experience.
Values - Spiritual and cultural - to be the bedrock
of the educational experience.
Schools to have an 'Indian Ethos', strong roots in
the national psyche and be sensitive to national
aspirations.

CLASS X
There will be one paper of two hours duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of 20 marks.
Candidates will be expected to make the fullest use of sketches, diagrams, graphs and charts in their answers.
Questions set may require answers involving the interpretation of photographs of geographical interest.

PART – I: MAP WORK

1. Interpretation of Topographical Maps
(a) Locating features with the help of a four figure or a six-figure grid reference.
(b) Identification of landforms marked by contours lines (steep slope, gentle slope, hill, valley, ridge, plateau,
saddle-shaped, U-shaped valley, spur, escarpment) by contour cross-section method.
(c) Identifying and drawing of the conventional symbols.
(d) Definition of contour lines, contour interval, definitions of different types of scales (statement of scale,
linear scale, representative fraction), triangulated height, nucleated settlement, dispersed settlement,
water-divide, ridge.
(e) Markings directions between different locations, using eight cardinal points.

2. Map of Thailand
On an outline map of Thailand, candidates will be required to locate, mark and name the following:
Mountains, Peaks: Daen Lao Range, Sankalakhiri, Doi Inthanon, Thanon Thong Chai Range;
Plateaus, plains, peninsula and islands: Khorat plateau, plains in central Thailand, Malay Peninsula, phi
phi island;
Longitude: Indo China Time (105°E);
Rivers: Ping river, Wang river, Yom river, Nan river, Chao Phraya river, Tha Chin River
Water Bodies: Songkhla Lake, Gulf of Thailand, Andaman Sea, South China Sea.
Direction of Winds: South West Monsoon, North East Monsoon.
Distribution of Minerals: Oil and coal in Kamphaengphet city; Tin in Phuket, Gem stones in Chantaburi,
Erawan Natural Gas field.
Soil Distribution – Alluvial Soil (Sandy soil, clayey soil, shallow soil, sandy loam soil), Laterite soil.
Cities -Bangkok, Chinag Mai, Chaing Rai, Phuket, Ayuthaya, Sukhothai, Krabi, Nonthaburi, Nakhon
Ratchasima, Hat Yai, Udon Thani, Pak Kret, Pattaya.
Population - Distribution of Population (dense and sparse).

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PART – II: GEOGRAPHY OF THAILAND

3. Location, Extent, Physical features
• Position and Extent of Thailand (through Map only).
• The physical features of Thailand – Archipelagos, mountains, plateaus, plains and rivers. (through Map
only).
• Northern Thailand, North-eastern Thailand, Central Thailand, Eastern Thailand, Western Thailand,
Southern Thailand.

4. Climate
Distribution of Temperature, Rainfall, winds in Summer and Winter and factors affecting the climate.
Monsoon and its mechanism. Seasons –Hot Season-March to Mid-May, Rainy Season-Mid May to October
affected by South West Monsoon; Dry, Cool Season-November to February affected by North-East Monsoon.

5. Soil Resources
• Types of soil: Alluvial (Sandy soil, clayey soil, shallow soil, sandy loam soil), Laterite soil.
• Distribution, composition and characteristics such as colour, texture, minerals and crops associated.
• Soil Erosion: causes, prevention and conservation.

6. Natural Vegetation
• Importance of forests.
• Types of vegetation (tropical semi-evergreen, tropical deciduous monsoon, savanna); distribution and
Characteristics and adaptation with their environment
• Significance of Forest conservation and importance of community forests.

7. Water Resources
• Sources (Surface water and ground water).
• Need for conservation and conservation practices, water harvesting (Watershed management).
Irrigation: Importance and methods (canal, well, tube well- advantages and disadvantages of each).

8. Mineral and Energy Resources
• Iron ore, Feldspar, Tin and Lead – uses and their distribution.
• Conventional Sources: Coal, Natural gas (distribution, advantages and disadvantages).
• Hydel Power generation and advantages; examples of Bhumibol Dam, Srinagarind Dam and the rivers
on which they are constructed.
• Non-conventional Sources: Solar, wind (generation and advantages).

9. Agriculture in Thailand
• Agriculture: role in the economy; problems of agriculture.
• Types of farming in Thailand: subsistence: shifting, intensive; Commercial: extensive, plantation and
mixed- characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each.

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• Climatic conditions, soil requirements, methods of cultivation, processing and distribution of the
following crops:
- Rice and Maize
- Rubber and Sugarcane
-Palm and Soyabean

10. Manufacturing Industries
• Importance and classification of industries (agro based, mineral based);
• Agro based Industry - Sugar, rice, food processing, fisheries and textile (economic importance and
problems of each);
• Mineral based Industry – Iron and Steel in Samut Prakan city of Thailand-sources of raw materials and
power; significance to the economy; Electronics in Ayutthaya city of Thailand- importance; cement and
automobile industries (sources of raw materials and power; significance to the economy).

11. Transport
Importance of transport; Modes – Roadways, Railways, Airways and Waterways - advantages and
disadvantages.

12. Tourism
Definition of tourism, advantages, important places-natural and cultural, positive and negative impacts of
tourism.

13. Waste Management
• Impact of waste accumulation - spoilage of landscape, pollution, health hazards, effect on terrestrial,
aquatic (fresh water and marine) life.
• Need for waste management.
• Methods of safe disposal - segregation, dumping and composting.
• Need and methods for reducing, reusing and recycling waste.

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INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
PRACTICAL / PROJECT WORK
Candidates will be required to prepare a project report on any one topic. The topics for assignments may be
selected from the list of suggested assignments given below. Candidates can also take up an assignment of their
choice under any of the broad areas given below.
SUGGESTED LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS
1. Geography of Thailand
(a) Land use pattern in different regions of Thailand – a comparative analysis.
(b) The survey of a local/ floating markets on the types of shops and services offered.
2. Environment: Wildlife conservation efforts in Thailand.
3. Current Geographical Issues: Development of tourism in Thailand.
4. Transport in Thailand: Development of Road, Rail, Water and Air routes.
5. List different type of industries in the provinces and collect information about the types of raw materials
used, modes of their procurement and disposal of wastes generated. Classify these industries as polluting or
environment friendly and suggest possible ways of reducing pollution caused by these units.
6. Visit a water treatment plant, sewage treatment plant or garbage dumping or vermicomposting sites in the
locality and study their working.
7. Need for industrialisation in Thailand, the latest trends and its impact on economy of Thailand.

EVALUATION
The assignments/project work is to be evaluated by the subject teacher and by an External Examiner. (The External
Examiner may be a teacher nominated by the Head of the school, who could be from the faculty, but not teaching
the subject in the section/class.
The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner will assess the assignments independently.
Award of Marks (20 Marks)
Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner) 10 marks
External Examiner 10 marks
The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent to CISCE by the Head of the school.
The Head of the school will be responsible for the online entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal by the due
date.

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INTERNAL ASSESSMENT IN GEOGRAPHY (Thailand) -GUIDELINES FOR MARKING WITH GRADES
Criteria Preparation Procedure/ Observation Inference/Results Presentation
Testing
Grade I Gives complete States the Studies text and States theoretical information in a coherent Neatly and correctly
(4 marks) theoretical objectives and source material and and concise manner using geographical stated statement of
information defines the makes a list. terminology. Uses a variety of techniques. intent and conclusion
using relevant aspects to be Shows resourcefulness. Supports matches with
geographical studied. investigation with relevant evidence. objectives.
terms
Grade II Provides States objectives Makes a limited list Uses sound methodology-using methods Limited use of
(3 marks) adequate but not the of source material suggested. Makes a valid statement about the reference material
information limitations of the only from secondary data collected. Attempts to develop and a presentation,
using appropriate study. sources. explanations using available information. which is routine.
terms.
Grade III States objectives Only lists the References are Uses methodology in which selective Simple and neat with
(2 marks) using some aspects to be minimal. techniques are applied correctly. Makes correct placement of
geographical studied. descriptive statement. Analysis is limited. references,
terms but mostly Relates and describes systematically the data acknowledgements,
in descriptive collected. Tries to relate conclusion to contents, maps and
terms. original aim. diagrams.
Grade IV States intent Shows evidence Uses methodology Makes few relevant statements. Does analyse Neat but lacking in
(1 mark) without using of what to look with some techniques data that is not presented or tends to copy correct placement of
relevant for and how to but is unable to analysis available from other sources. Makes table of contents,
geographical record the same. systematically record superficial conclusions. Link between the maps, diagrams and
terms but data and collect original aim and conclusion is not clear. pictures.
explaining them information.
correctly.
Grade V Does not make Has not collected Does not use any Does not analyse data. Does not use the Presents the report
(0 marks) any use of any relevant data logical technique and suggested methods. without reference.
geographical and has not does not follow the Makes conclusions but does not relate them to
terms. presented methodology the original aim.
sources suggested.
correctly.

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