PSEB 12th Class Syllabus 2027 Business Studies

FOR PUNJAB CLASS 12 PREPARATION

PSEB 12th Class
Syllabus 2027 Business
Studies
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT

Punjab Class 12 2027 Syllabus Business Studies

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

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s em BUSINESS STUDIES g l a
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Session: 2026-27

Time: 3 Hrs Theory: 80 Marks
INA: 20 Marks
Total: 100 Marks
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om SYLLABUS . co
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PART- emI : PRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT l as
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la and Significance of Management ag
Unit 1: g
Nature
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• Management: Concept, Characteristics, Objectives and Importance
• Nature - Management as Science, Art and Profession
• Levels of Management
• Management functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling
• Coordination - The Essence of Management
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• Coordination: Characteristics and Importance .c
• Management in the twenty-first Century.se
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Unit 2: Principles of Management

• Principles of Management: Concept, Nature and Significance
• Taylor’s Scientific management: Principles and Techniques
• Fayol’s Principles of Management
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• Fayol Versus Taylor - A Comparison.
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m Unit 3: Business Environment s e m
s e g la
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a • Business Environment: Meaning and Importance
• Dimensions of Business Environment: Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal
Environment
• Economic Environment in India: Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation in India
• Demonetisation: Features and Impact.

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Unit 4: Planning

• Planning: Introduction, Concept, Importance, Features and Limitations
• Planning Process
• Types of Plans: Single use and Standing plans, Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method,
Rules, Programs and Budget.

Unit 5: Organising

 Organising: Meaning and Importance
 Organising Process
 Organisation Structure - Functional Structure and Divisional Structure. Formal Organisation
and Informal Organisation
 Delegation: Concept, Elements and Importance
 Decentralization: Concept and Importance
 Delegation and Decentralisation: A Comparative view.

Unit 6: Staffing

 Staffing: Introduction, Meaning and Importance
 Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management - Concept
 Staffing Process
 Recruitment: Concept and Sources
 Selection: Concept and Process
 Training and Development: Concept and Importance, Training Methods: On the Job Methods
and Off the Job Methods.

Unit 7: Directing

• Directing: Introduction, Meaning, Characteristics, Importance and Principles
Elements of Direction
 Supervision: Concept and Importance
 Motivation: Concept, Importance, Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory, Financial and Non-
Financial Incentives

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 Leadership: Concept, Features, Importance, Leadership Styles -gAutocratic, Democratic
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and laissez Faire
 Communication: Concept, Process, Importance, Formal and Informal Communication;
Barriers to Effective Communication, Measures to Overcome the Barriers.

Unit 8: Controlling
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• Controlling: Meaning, Importance and Limitations

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• Relationship Between mPlanning and Controlling m .
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• Controlling Process.
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Unit 9: Financial Management

• Business Finance: Introduction and Meaning
• Financial Management: Concept, Importance, Objectives
• Financial Decisions: Investment Decision, Factors Affecting Capital Budgeting Decision;

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Financing Decision, Factors Affecting Financing Decision; Dividend Decision, Factors
Affecting Dividend Decision
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Financial Planning: Concept, Objectives, Importance

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• Capital Structure: Concept and Factors Affecting the Choice of Capital Structure
• Fixed and Working Capital: Meaning, Management of Fixed Capital, Factors Affecting the
Requirement of Fixed Capital; Working Capital: Meaning, Factors Affecting the Working
Capital Requirements.

Unit 10: Marketing
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• Marketing: Concept and Features
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c. o• Marketing Management: Concept, Process and Philosophies s e m
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las • Functions of Marketing
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Marketing Mix – Concept and Elements
Products: Concept, Classification, Branding: Related Terms and Characteristics; Packaging:
Concept, Levels, Importance and Functions; Labelling: Concept and Functions
• Pricing: Concept, Factors Affecting Price Determination
• Physical Distribution: Concept and Components
• Promotion: Concept, Promotion Mix and Elements- Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales
Promotion and Public Relations.
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Unit 11: Consumer Protection

• Consumer Protection: Introduction and Importance
• Consumer Protection Act 2019: Meaning of Consumer, Consumer Rights, Consumers
Responsibilities
• Ways and means of Consumer Protection
• Redressal Agencies under the Consumer Protection Act
• Relief Available
• Role of Consumer Organizations and NGOs

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