PSEB 12th Class Syllabus 2025 Business Studies

Punjab Board

SYLLABUS
2024-2025

CLASS-XII
Session: 2024-25
BUSINESS STUDIES

Time: 3 Hrs Theory: 80 Marks
INA: 20 Marks
Total: 100 Marks

SYLLABUS

PART – A PRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management

• Management - concept, objectives, and importance

• Management as Science, Art and Profession

• Levels of Management

• Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling

Unit 2: Principles of Management

• Principles of Management- concept and significance

• Fayol’s principles of management

• Taylor’s Scientific management- principles and techniques

Unit 3: Business Environment

• Business Environment- concept and importance

• Dimensions of Business Environment- Economic, Social, Technological, Political and legal

• Demonetization - concept and features

• Impact of Government policy changes on business with special reference to liberalization,
privatization and globalization in India

Unit 4: Planning

• Concept, importance and limitation

• Planning process

• Single use and standing plans. Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, method, Rules,

budget and Programs

Unit 5: Organising

 Concept and importance
 Organising Process
 Structure of organisation- functional and divisional concept. Formal and informal
organisation- concept

 Delegation: concept, elements and importance

 Centralisation – concept and features

 Decentralization: concept, features and importance

Unit 6: Staffing

 Concept and importance of staffing

 Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management - concept

 Staffing process

 Recruitment process

 Selection - process

 Training and Development - Concept and importance, Methods of training - on the job and off
the job - vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training

Unit 7: Directing

• Concept and importance

Elements of Directing

 Supervision- Concept and importance
 Motivation - concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Financial and non- financial incentives
 Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, democratic and laissez faire
 Communication - concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective
communication, how to overcome the barriers.

Unit 8: Controlling

• Controlling - Concept and importance

• Relationship between planning and controlling

• Steps in process of control

Unit 9- Coordination

Coordination: Meaning, Nature and importance.

PART – B BUSINESS FINANCE & MARKETING

Unit 10: Business Finance

• Financial decisions: investment, financing and dividend- Meaning and factors affecting
financial decisions.

• Financial Planning - concept and importance

• Capital Structure – concept and factors affecting capital structure

• Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and factors affecting their requirements

Unit 11: Financial Markets

• Financial Markets: Concept, Functions and types

• Money market and its instruments
• Capital market and its types (primary and secondary), methods of floatation in the
primary market
• Stock Exchange - Functions and trading procedure
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - Objectives and functions

Unit 12: Marketing

• Marketing – Concept, functions and philosophies
• Marketing Mix – Concept and elements
• Product - branding, labelling and packaging – Concept
• Price - Concept, Factors determining price
• Physical Distribution – concept, components and channels of distribution
• Promotion – Concept and elements; Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and
Public Relations

Unit 13: Consumer Protection

• Concept and importance of consumer protection
• Consumer Protection Act 2019, Meaning of consumer
• Rights and responsibilities of consumers
• Who can file a complaint?
• Redressal machinery
• Remedies available
• Consumer awareness - Role of consumer organizations and Non- Governmental
Organizations (NGOs)
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Study Materials
Notes

Model Papers Class 6 Notes

Sample Papers Class 7 Notes
Half Yearly Sample Papers Class 8 Notes

Class 9 Notes
Important Resources
Class 10 Notes
Periodic Table
Class 11 Notes
Writing Skills / Formats

Maps of India / World Class 12 Notes

Books and Solutions

NCERT Books
NCERT Book Solutions
HC Verma Chapter Wise Solutions
RD Sharma Solutions
CGBSE Solutions