NIOS Class 12 October 2024 Question Paper Environmental Science

This Question Paper consists of 39 questions and 16 printed pages.
ß‚ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ◊¥ 39 ¬˝‡Ÿ ÃÕÊ 16 ◊ÈÁŒ˝Ã ¬Îc∆U „Ò¥–
Roll No. Code No.
•ŸÈ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ ∑§Ê«U Ÿ¥.
68/SS/O
SET/‚ ≈ A
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (Theory)
¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ÁflôÊÊŸ (Á‚hÊ¥Ã)
(333)
Day and Date of Examination :
(¬⁄UˡÊÊ ∑§Ê ÁŒŸ fl ÁŒŸÊ¥∑§)
Signature of Invigilators :
(ÁŸ⁄UˡÊ∑§Ê¥ ∑§ „SÃÊˇÊ⁄U) 1.

2.

General Instructions :
1. Candidate must write his/her Roll Number on the first page of the Question Paper.
2. Please check the Question Paper to verify that the total pages and total number of questions contained in the
Question Paper are the same as those printed on the top of the first page. Also check to see that the questions are
in sequential order.
3. Making any identification mark in the Answer-Book or writing Roll Number anywhere other than the specified
places will lead to disqualification of the candidate.
4. Write your Question Paper Code No. 68/SS/O-A on the Answer-Book.
5. (a) The Question Paper is in English/Hindi medium only. However, if you wish, you can answer in any one
of the languages listed below :
English, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, Oriya, Gujarati,
Konkani, Manipuri, Assamese, Nepali, Kashmiri, Sanskrit and Sindhi.
You are required to indicate the language you have chosen to answer in the box provided in the
Answer-Book.
(b) If you choose to write the answer in the language other than Hindi and English, the responsibility for any
errors/mistakes in understanding the question will be yours only.
6. In case of any doubt or confusion in the question paper, the English Version will prevail.
‚Ê◊Êãÿ •ŸÈŒ‡Ê —
1. ¬⁄UˡÊÊÕ˸ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ∑§ §¬„‹ ¬Îc∆U ¬⁄U •¬ŸÊ •ŸÈ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ •fl‡ÿU Á‹π¥–
2. ∑Χ¬ÿÊ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ∑§Ê ¡ÊÚ°ø ‹¥ Á∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ∑§ ∑ȧ‹ ¬Îc∆UÊ¥ ÃÕÊ ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë ©ÃŸË „Ë ‚¥ÅUÿÊ „Ò Á¡ÃŸË ¬˝Õ◊ ¬Îc∆ ∑ §‚’‚ ™§¬⁄U ¿U¬Ë „Ò– ß‚
’Êà ∑§Ë ¡ÊÚ°ø ÷Ë ∑§⁄U ‹¥ Á∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑˝ Á◊∑§ UM§¬ ◊¥ „Ò¥–
3. § ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSUÃ∑§Ê ◊¥ ¬„øÊŸ-Áøq ’ŸÊŸ •ÕflÊ ÁŸÁŒ¸c≈U SÕÊŸÊ¥ ∑§§•ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà ∑§„Ë¥ ÷Ë •ŸÈ∑§˝ ◊Ê¥∑§ Á‹πŸ ¬⁄U ¬⁄UˡÊÊÕ˸ ∑§Ê •ÿÊÇÿ ∆U„⁄UÊÿÊ ¡ÊÿªÊ–
4. •¬ŸË ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSUÃ∑§Ê ¬⁄U ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ∑§Ë ∑§Ê«U ‚¥ÅÿÊ 68/SS/O-A Á‹π¥–
5. (∑§) ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ∑§fl‹ Á„¥ŒË/•¥ª˝¡Ë ◊Êäÿ◊ ◊¥ „Ò– Á»§⁄U ÷Ë, ÿÁŒ •Ê¬ øÊ„¥ ÃÊ ŸËø ŒË ªß¸ Á∑§‚Ë ∞∑§ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄ Œ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥ —
•¥ª˝¡Ë, Á„¥ŒË, ©ŒÍ¸, ¬¥¡Ê’Ë, ’°ª‹Ê, ÃÁ◊‹, ◊‹ÿÊ‹◊, ∑§ãŸ«∏, Ã‹ÈªÈ, ◊⁄UÊ∆UË, ©Á«∏ÿÊ, ªÈ¡⁄UÊÃË, ∑§Ê¥∑§áÊË, ◊ÁáʬÈ⁄UË, •‚Á◊ÿÊ,
Ÿ¬Ê‹Ë, ∑§‡◊Ë⁄UË, ‚¥S∑Χç•ÊÒ⁄U Á‚¥œË–
∑Χ¬ÿÊ ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSÃ∑§Ê ◊¥ ÁŒ∞ ª∞ ’ÊÚÄ‚ ◊¥ Á‹π¥ Á∑§ •Ê¬ Á∑§‚ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄U Á‹π ⁄U„ „Ò¥–
(π) ÿÁŒ •Ê¬ Á„¥ŒË ∞fl¥ •¥ª˝¡Ë ∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà Á∑§‚Ë •ãÿ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄U Á‹πÃ „Ò¥ ÃÊ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§Ê ‚◊¤ÊŸ ◊¥ „ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë
òÊÈÁ≈UÿÊ¥/ª‹ÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë Á¡ê◊UŒÊ⁄Ë ∑ fl‹ •Ê¬∑§Ë „ÊªË–
6. ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ◊¥ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ‚¥Œ„ •ÕflÊ ŒÈÁflœÊ ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà ◊¥ •¥ª˝¡Ë •ŸÈflÊŒ „Ë ◊Êãÿ „ÊªÊ–

68/SS/O-333-A ] 1 [ Contd...

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (Theory)
¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ÁflôÊÊŸ (Á‚hÊ¥Ã)
(333)

Time : 3 Hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 80
‚◊ÿ — 3 ÉÊá≈U ] [ ¬ÍáÊÊZ∑§ — 80
Note : (i) All 39 questions are compulsory. Maximum mark of each question has been indicated
against it.
(ii) Answer the questions from either Optional Module-8A or Optional Module-8B only.
(iii) Questions from 1 to 16 (13 core modules and 3 optional modules) are objective question
type-I questions (MCQ) carrying 1 mark each.
(iv) Questions from 17 to 24 (5 core modules and 3 optional modules) are objective questions
type-II questions (comprehensive questions with two sub-parts, VSA, one word. Fill in
the blanks and True/False) carrying 1 mark each.
(v) Questions from 25 to 32 are short answer type questions from core modules carrying
2 marks with 40-50 words.
(vi) Questions from 33 to 34 are long answer type-I questions from core modules carrying
4 marks with 80-100 words.
(vii) Questions from 35 to 36 are long answer type-II questions from core modules carrying
5 marks with 100-150 words.
(viii) Questions from 37 to 39 are short answer type questions from optional modules carrying
two marks with 40-50 words.
ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê — (i) ‚÷Ë 39 ¬˝‡Ÿ •ÁŸflÊÿ¸ „Ò¥– „⁄U ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ã◊ •¥∑§ ©‚∑§ ‚Ê◊Ÿ ÁŒ∞ ª∞ „Ò¥–
(ii) flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹-8A •ÕflÊ flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹-8B ◊¥ ‚ Á∑§‚Ë ∞∑§ ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ „Ë ∑§⁄¥U–
(iii) ¬˝‡Ÿ 1 ‚ 16 (13 ∑§ÁãŒ˝∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ •ÊÒ⁄U 3 flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹) flSÃÈÁŸc∆U ¬˝‡Ÿ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U-I (MCQ) ¬˝‡Ÿ „Ò¥
•ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝àÿ∑§ ∞∑§ •¥∑§ ∑§ „Ò¥–
(iv) ¬˝‡Ÿ 17 ‚ 24 (5 ∑§ÁãŒ˝∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ •ÊÒ⁄U 3 flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹) flSÃÈÁŸc∆U ¬˝‡Ÿ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U-II ¬˝‡Ÿ (ÁflSÃÎà ¬˝‡Ÿ
- ŒÊ ©¬÷ʪ ‚Á„Ã, •ÁËÉÊÈ ©ûÊ⁄U, ∞∑§ ‡ÊéŒ, Á⁄UÄàÊ SÕÊŸ ÷⁄UÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚„Ë/ª‹Ã) ∞∑§ •¥∑§ ∑§ „Ò¥–
(v) ¬˝‡Ÿ 25 ‚ 32 ‹ÉÊÈ ©ûÊ⁄U ¬˝‡Ÿ „Ò¥ ¡Ê ∑§ÁãŒ˝∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ ‚ Á‹∞ „Ò¥– ÿ„ ŒÊ •¥∑§ ∑§ „Ò¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ߟ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄U 40-50
‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ◊¥ Œ¥–
(vi) ¬˝‡Ÿ 33 ‚ 34 ŒËÉʸ ©ûÊ⁄U ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U-I ¬˝‡Ÿ „Ò¥ ¡Ê ∑§ÁãŒ˝∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ ‚ Á‹∞ ª∞ „Ò¥– ÿ„ øÊ⁄U •¥∑§ ∑§ „Ò¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ߟ∑§
©ûÊ⁄U 80 ‚ 100 ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ◊¥ Œ¥–
(vii) ¬˝‡Ÿ 35-36 ŒËÉʸ ©ûÊ⁄U ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U-II ¬˝‡Ÿ „Ò¥ ¡Ê ∑§ÁãŒ˝∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ ‚ Á‹∞ ª∞ „Ò¥– ÿ„ ¬Ê°ø •¥∑§ ∑§ „Ò¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ߟ∑§
©ûÊ⁄U 100 ‚ 150 ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ◊¥ Œ¥–
(viii) ¬˝‡Ÿ 37-39 ‹ÉÊÈ ©ûÊ⁄U ¬˝‡Ÿ „Ò¥ ¡Ê flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ ‚ Á‹∞ ª∞ „Ò¥– ÿ„ ŒÊ •¥∑§ ∑§ „Ò¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ߟ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄U
40 ‚ 50 ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ◊¥ Œ¥–

68/SS/O-333-A ] 2 [ Contd...

NOTE / ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê :
(1) Answers of all questions are to be given in the Answer-Book given to you.
‚÷Ë ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄U •Ê¬∑§Ê ŒË ªÿË ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSÃ∑§Ê ◊¥ „Ë Á‹π¥–
(2) 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will be
distributed at 02.15 p.m. From 02.15 p.m. to 02.30 p.m., the students will read the question
paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this period.
ß‚ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ∑§Ê ¬…∏Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ 15 Á◊Ÿ≈U ∑§Ê ‚◊ÿ ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ∑§Ê ÁflÃ⁄UáÊ ŒÊ¬„⁄U ◊¥ 02.15 ’¡ Á∑§ÿÊ
¡Ê∞ªÊ– 02.15 ’¡ ‚ 02.30 ’¡ Ã∑§ ¿UÊòÊ ∑§fl‹ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ∑§Ê ¬…∏¥ª •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚ •flÁœ ∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ fl ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSÃ∑§Ê ¬⁄U
∑§Ê߸ ©ûÊ⁄U Ÿ„Ë¥ Á‹π¥ª–

CORE MODULES / ∑§ÁãŒ˝∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS TYPE - I
flSÃÈÁŸc∆U ¬˝‡Ÿ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U - I

1. The order of correct sequence of human evolution among the following is : 1
(a) Homo habilis
(b) Homo erectus
(c) Australopithecines
(d) Homo sapiens
(A) (c), (a), (b), (d) (B) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(C) (b), (c), (a), (d) (D) (c), (d), (b), (a)
ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ◊¥ ‚ ◊ÊŸfl Áfl∑§Ê‚ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄ ‚„Ë ∑˝§◊ „Ò —
(a) „Ê◊Ê „Ò’ËÁ‹‚
(b) „Ê◊Ê ß⁄UÄ≈U‚
(c) •ÊS≈˛U‹ÊÁ¬Õ∑§ã‚
(d) „Ê◊Ê ‚Á¬ÿ¥‚
(A) (c), (a), (b), (d) (B) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(C) (b), (c), (a), (d) (D) (c), (d), (b), (a)

2. One of the consequences of Global warming can be : 1
(A) Allows heat radiations given out by earth will escape.
(B) Large fish will move to cooler areas and thrive.
(C) Global temperature will be raised.
(D) Sea levels will be decreased.
Ç‹Ê’‹ flÊÁ◊Zª ∑§ ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊Ê¥ ◊¥ ‚ ∞∑§ ÿ„ „Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò —
(A) ¬ÎâflË mÊ⁄UÊ ŒË ªß¸ ™§c◊Ê ÁflÁ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ’Ê„⁄U ÁŸ∑§Ê‹Ÿ ∑§Ë •ŸÈ◊Áà ŒÃÊ „Ò–
(B) ’«∏Ë ◊¿UÁ‹ÿÊ° ∆¥U«U ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ◊¥ ø‹Ë ¡Ê∞°ªË •ÊÒ⁄U ¬Ÿ¬¥ªË–
(C) flÒÁ‡fl∑§ Ãʬ◊ÊŸ ’…∏ªÊ–
(D) ‚◊ÈŒ˝ ∑§Ê SÃ⁄U ∑§◊ „Ê ¡Ê∞ªÊ–

68/SS/O-333-A ] 3 [ Contd...

3. Counting of human population is called : 1

(A) Census (B) Natality (C) Density (D) Mortality

◊ÊŸfl ¡Ÿ‚¥ÅÿÊ ∑§Ë ªáÊŸÊ ∑§Ê ∑§„Ê ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò —
(A) ¡ŸªáÊŸÊ (B) ¡ã◊Œ⁄U (C) ÉÊŸàfl (D) ◊ÎàÿÈŒ⁄U

4. Rural folks are more homogeneous socially due to : 1

(A) The Caste System

(B) Follow of Indian Samvat

(C) Their dominant occupation-agriculture

(D) Simple living

ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ‹Êª ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ M§¬ ‚ •Áœ∑§ ‚◊M§¬ „ÊÃ „Ò¥ ß‚∑§Ê ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ _________ „Ò–
(A) ¡ÊÁÃ √ÿflSÕÊ
(B) ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‚¥flà ∑§Ê ¬Ê‹Ÿ
(C) ©Ÿ∑§Ê ¬˝◊Èπ √ÿfl‚Êÿ-∑ΧÁ·
(D) ‚ÊŒÊ ¡ËflŸ

5. Deforestation refers to : 1

(A) Non forest areas being converted to forest.

(B) Agriculture pasture being converted to forest.

(C) Human settlement being converted to forest.

(D) Loss of tree cover from a land.

flŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë ∑§≈UÊ߸ ‚ ÃÊà¬ÿ¸ „Ò —
(A) ªÒ⁄U-flŸËÿ ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê flŸ ◊¥ ¬Á⁄UflÁøà Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ⁄U„Ê „Ò–
(B) ∑ΧÁ· øÊ⁄Uʪʄ ∑§Ê ¡¥ª‹ ◊¥ ’Œ‹Ê ¡Ê ⁄U„Ê „Ò–
(C) ◊ÊŸfl ’SÃË ∑§Ê ¡¥ª‹ ◊¥ ’Œ‹Ê ¡Ê ⁄U„Ê „Ò–
(D) ÷ÍÁ◊ ‚ flÎˇÊ •Êfl⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê Ÿc≈ „ÊŸÊ–

68/SS/O-333-A ] 4 [ Contd...

6. The Great Indian Bustard is a rare species of India as categorized by IUCN because : 1

(A) Its Numbers are continuously decreasing.

(B) They live in unusual environment (endemics) and are few in numbers.

(C) They need special protection or else they may became extinct.

(D) Their status is not known.

“ª˝≈U ߥÁ«UÿŸ ’S≈U«¸U” ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ë ∞∑§ ŒÈ‹¸÷ ¬˝¡ÊÁà „Ò Á¡‚ “•Ê߸ ÿÍ ‚Ë ∞Ÿ” (IUCN) mÊ⁄UÊ flªË¸∑Χà Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò
ÄÿÊ¥Á∑§ __________–
(A) ߟ∑§Ë ‚¥ÅÿÊ ‹ªÊÃÊ⁄U ÉÊ≈U ⁄U„Ë „Ò–
(B) fl •‚Ê◊Êãÿ flÊÃÊfl⁄UáÊ ◊¥ ⁄U„Ã „Ò¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚¥ÅÿÊ ◊¥ ∑§◊ „Ò¥–
(C) ©ã„¥ Áfl‡Ê· ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ „Ò •ãÿÕÊ fl Áfl‹ÈåàÊ „Ê ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥–
(D) ©Ÿ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà ôÊÊà Ÿ„Ë¥ „Ò–

7. A more productive ecosystem than ocean or freshwater is : 1

(A) Mangrove (B) Estuary (C) Reservoir (D) Lakes

◊„ʂʪ⁄U ÿÊ ◊Ë∆U ¬ÊŸË ∑§Ë ÃÈ‹ŸÊ ◊¥ •Áœ∑§ ©à¬ÊŒ∑§ ¬ÊÁ⁄UÁSÕÁÃ∑§Ë Ã¥òÊ ___________ „Ò–
(A) ◊Ò¥ª˝Êfl (B) íflÊ⁄UŸŒ◊Èπ (C) ¡‹Ê‡Êÿ (D) ¤ÊË‹

8. The base of a ecological pyramid consists of : 1

(A) Herbivores (B) Carnivores (C) Producers (D) Omnivores

¬ÊÁ⁄UÁSÕÁÃ∑§ Á¬⁄UÊÁ◊«U ∑§Ê •ÊœÊ⁄U ÁŸêŸ ‚ ’ŸÊ „ÊÃÊ „Ò —
(A) ‡ÊÊ∑§Ê„Ê⁄UË (B) ◊Ê¥‚Ê„Ê⁄UË (C) ©à¬ÊŒ∑§ (D) ‚flʸ„Ê⁄UË

9. Under the Montreal protocol ammended in 1990 it was decided to completely phase out : 1

(A) CNG (B) Tetraethyl lead (C) CFC (D) SPM

‚Ÿ˜ 1990 ◊¥ ‚¥‡ÊÊÁœÃ ◊ÊÁã≈˛Uÿ‹ ¬˝Ê≈UÊ∑§ÊÚ‹ ∑§ Äà ߂ ¬Í⁄UË Ã⁄U„ ‚ ‚◊ÊåàÊ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê ÁŸáʸÿ Á‹ÿÊ ªÿÊ —
(A) ‚Ë ∞Ÿ ¡Ë (B) ≈ÒU≈˛UÊßÕÊß‹ ‹Ò«U (C) ‚Ë ∞»§ ‚Ë (D) ∞‚ ¬Ë ∞◊

68/SS/O-333-A ] 5 [ Contd...

10. The phenomenon of nutrient enrichment of a water body is called its : 1
(A) Biological demand for oxygen (B) Point source depletion
(C) Eutrophication (D) Point source pollution

Á∑§‚Ë ¡‹ ÁŸ∑§Êÿ ∑§ ¬Ê·∑§ ÃàflÊ¥ ‚ ‚◊Îh „ÊŸ ∑§Ë ÉÊ≈UŸÊ ∑§Ê ∑§„Ê ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò —
(A) •ÊÚÄ‚Ë¡Ÿ ∑§Ë ¡ÒÁfl∑§ ◊Ê¥ª (B) Á’¥ŒÈ dÊà OÊ‚
(C) ÿÍ≈˛UÊÁ»§∑§‡ÊŸ (‚ȬÊ·áÊ) (D) Á’¥ŒÈ dÊà ¬˝ŒÍ·áÊ

11. The ‘Carrying Capacity’ of the environment refer to the : 1
(A) Availability of many resources
(B) Maximum load that the environment can withstand.
(C) Population growth
(D) Rate of consumption of natural resources

¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë fl„Ÿ ˇÊ◊ÃÊ ∑§Ê ‚¥ŒÁ÷¸Ã ∑§⁄UÃÊ „Ò —
(A) ’„Èà •Áœ∑§ ‚¥‚ÊœŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë ©¬‹éœÃÊ
(B) •Áœ∑§Ã◊ ÷Ê⁄U, Á¡‚ ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ‚„Ÿ ∑§⁄U ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò–
(C) ¡Ÿ‚¥ÅÿÊ flÎÁh
(D) ¬˝Ê∑ΧÁÃ∑§ ‚¥‚ÊœŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë π¬Ã ∑§Ë Œ⁄U

12. The substitute for petroleum in some conventional engines which is obtained from vegetable 1
oil is :
(A) Ethanol (B) Biogas (C) Biodiesel (D) CNG

∑ȧ¿U ¬Ê⁄¥U¬Á⁄U∑§ ߥ¡ŸÊ¥ ◊¥ ¬≈˛UÊÁ‹ÿ◊ ∑§Ê Áfl∑§À¬ ¡Ê flŸS¬Áà Ã‹ ‚ ¬˝ÊåàÊ „ÊÃÊ „Ò fl„ „Ò —
(A) ßÕŸÊÚ‹ (B) ’ÊÿÊªÒ‚ (C) ’ÊÿÊÁ«U$¡‹ (D) ‚Ë.∞Ÿ.¡Ë

13. The provision for penalties or punishment to prevent poaching and illegal trade was introduced 1
in the :
(A) Biodiversity Act (B) Project Elephant
(C) Project Tiger (D) Wildlife Act

•flÒœ Á‡Ê∑§Ê⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U •flÒœ √ÿʬÊ⁄U ∑§Ê ⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ Œ¥«U ÿÊ ‚$¡Ê ∑§Ê ¬˝ÊflœÊŸ ß‚◊¥ ¬‡Ê Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ —
(A) ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ (B) ¬˝Ê¡Ä≈U „ÊÕË
(C) ¬˝Ê¡Ä≈U ≈UÊߪ⁄U (D) flãÿ ¡Ëfl •ÁœÁŸÿ◊

68/SS/O-333-A ] 6 [ Contd...

OPTIONAL MODULE - A / flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ - A

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

¡‹ ‚¥‚ÊœŸ ¬˝’¥œŸ

14. The untreated household water which has not came into contact with toilet waste is : 1

(A) Waste water (B) Grey water (C) Surface water (D) Black water

•ŸÊÒ¬øÊÁ⁄Uà ÉÊ⁄U‹Í ¡‹, ¡Ê ‡ÊÊÒøÊ‹ÿ ∑§ •¬Á‡Êc≈U ∑§ ‚¥¬∑¸§ ◊¥ Ÿ„Ë¥ •ÊÿÊ „Ò —

(A) •¬Á‡Êc≈U ¡‹ (B) ª˝-flÊ≈U⁄U (C) ™§¬⁄UË ‚Ä ∑§Ê ¬ÊŸË (D) ∑§Ê‹Ê ¬ÊŸË

15. TBS water conservation model was pioneered by : 1

(A) Mangu Ram (B) Rajendra Singh

(C) Vidut Joshi (D) Jaiprakash Narayan

≈UË ’Ë ∞‚ ¡‹ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ◊ÊÚ«U‹ ∑§Ê ŸÃÎàfl ߟ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ —

(A) ◊¥ªÍ ⁄UÊ◊ (B) ⁄UÊ¡ãŒ˝ Á‚¥„

(C) ÁfllÈà ¡Ê‡ÊË (D) ¡ÿ¬˝∑§Ê‡Ê ŸÊ⁄UÊÿáÊ

16. Artificial recharge, percolation tank method and catchment area protection are techniques 1
to manage and conserve :

(A) Rain water (B) Ground water

(C) Waste water (D) Recycled water

∑ΧÁòÊ◊ ¬ÈŸ÷¸⁄UáÊ, ≈U¬∑§Ÿ ≈Ò¥U∑§ ÁflÁœ •ÊÒ⁄U ¡‹ ª˝„áÊ ˇÊòÊ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ - ÿ Ã∑§ŸË∑§ ß‚∑§Ê ¬˝’¥œŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§⁄UÃË „Ò¥ —

(A) fl·Ê¸ ∑§Ê ¡‹ (B) ÷ÍÁ◊ªÃ ¡‹

(C) •¬Á‡Êc≈U ¡‹ (D) ¬ÈŸø¸Á∑˝§Ã ¡‹

68/SS/O-333-A ] 7 [ Contd...

OPTIONAL MODULE - B / flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ - B

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

™§¡Ê¸ ∞fl¥ ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ

14. Photovoltaic cells are made up of silicon and are used to convert : 1
(A) Electrical energy into solar energy
(B) Hydropower to electrical energy
(C) Nuclear energy to solar energy
(D) Solar energy to electrical energy

»§Ê≈UÊflÊÀ≈UÊß∑§ ‚‹ Á‚Á‹∑§ÊÚŸ ‚ ’ŸË „ÊÃË „Ò •ÊÒ⁄U ߟ∑§Ê ©¬ÿÊª ¬Á⁄UflÁøà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò —
(A) ÁfllÈÃËÿ ™§¡Ê¸ ∑§Ê ‚ÊÒ⁄U ™§¡Ê¸ ◊¥
(B) ¡‹ ÁfllÈà ‚ ÁfllÈà ™§¡Ê¸
(C) ¬⁄U◊ÊáÊÈ ™§¡Ê¸ ‚ ‚ÊÒ⁄U ™§¡Ê¸
(D) ‚ÊÒ⁄U ™§¡Ê¸ ‚ ÁfllÈà ™§¡Ê¸

15. The highly efficient power generating system that produces electricity by combining fuel 1
and oxygen in electrochemical reaction is :
(A) Biomass (B) Fuel cell
(C) Hydrogen energy (D) Geothermal cells

•àÿÁœ∑§ ∑ȧ‡Ê‹ ÁfllÈà ©à¬ÊŒŸ ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë ¡Ê ÁfllÈà ⁄UÊ‚ÊÿÁŸ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁ∑˝§ÿÊ ◊¥ ßZœŸ •ÊÒ⁄U •ÊÚÄ‚Ë¡Ÿ ∑§ ‚¥ÿÊ¡Ÿ ‚
Á’¡‹Ë ¬ÒŒÊ ∑§⁄UÃË „Ò fl„ „Ò —
(A) ’ÊÿÊ◊Ê‚ (B) ßZœŸ ‚Ò‹
(C) „Êß«˛UÊ¡Ÿ ™§¡Ê¸ (D) ÷ÍÃʬËÿ ‚‹

16. CFL, ecohouse and solar kitchen concepts are related to an : 1
(A) Energy deficient town (B) Energy neutral town
(C) Energy efficient town (D) A non renewable energy technique

‚Ë ∞»§ ∞‹, ß∑§Ê „Ê©‚ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚ÊÒ⁄U ⁄U‚Ê߸ªÎ„ ∑§Ë •flœÊ⁄UáÊÊ∞° ‚¥’¥ÁœÃ „Ò¥ —
(A) ™§¡Ê¸ ∑§Ë ∑§◊Ë flÊ‹Ê ‡Ê„⁄U (B) ™§¡Ê¸ Ã≈USÕ ‡Ê„⁄U
(C) ™§¡Ê¸ ∑ȧ‡Ê‹ ‡Ê„⁄U (D) ∞∑§ ªÒ⁄U-ŸflË∑§⁄UáÊËÿ ™§¡Ê¸ Ã∑§ŸË∑§

68/SS/O-333-A ] 8 [ Contd...

CORE MODULES / ∑§ÁãŒ˝∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS TYPE - II

flSÃÈÁŸc∆UU ¬˝‡Ÿ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U - II

17. Write the names of the kind of forests found in India on the basis of features listed below. 2
(a) Tropical trees found in Chhota Nagpur plateau which cast their leaves for about 6 to 8
weeks in summer.
(b) Trees which are found in places with plenty of rainfall and sunshine throughout the
year.

ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ‚ÍøË’h Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ•Ê¥ ∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ¬⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ¬Ê∞ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹ flŸÊ¥ ∑§ ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞–
(a) ¿UÊ≈UÊ ŸÊª¬È⁄U ¬∆UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ¬Ê∞ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹ ©cáÊ∑§Á≈U’¥œËÿ flÎˇÊ ¡Ê ªÁ◊¸ÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ‹ª÷ª 6 ‚ 8 ‚åàÊÊ„ Ã∑§ ¬ûÊ Áª⁄UÊÃ „Ò¥–
(b) fl ¬«∏ ¡Ê ¬Í⁄U fl·¸ ÷⁄U¬Í⁄U fl·Ê¸ •ÊÒ⁄U œÍ¬ flÊ‹ SÕÊŸÊ¥ ¬⁄U ¬Ê∞ ¡ÊÃ „Ò¥–

18. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. (15-20 words) 1x6=6
(1) Intake of groundwater with increased level of nitrates by infants results in a kind of
anaemia. Name the condition.
(2) Himalayan and peninsular regions are covered with endemic flora. What do you
understand by the term endemic ?
(3) Internal migration within a country does not affect its total population size. Why ?
(4) How floating masses of water hycinth helps in removing pollutants from waste water.
(5) What are the three zones of a biosphere reserve.
(6) Azolla bio fertilizers has one limiting factor. What is it ?

ŸËø Á‹π ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄U ∞∑§ ÿÊ ŒÊ flÊÄÿ ◊¥ ŒËÁ¡∞– (15-20 ‡ÊéŒ)
(1) Á‡Ê‡ÊÈ•Ê¥ mÊ⁄UÊ ŸÊß≈˛U≈U ∑§ ’…∏ „È∞ SÃ⁄U flÊ‹ ÷Í¡‹ ∑§ ‚flŸ ‚ ∞∑§ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ∞ŸËÁ◊ÿÊ „ÊÃÊ „Ò– ©‚ ÁSÕÁà ∑§Ê
ŸÊ◊ ’ÃÊß∞–
(2) Á„◊Ê‹ÿË •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝ÊÿmˬËÿ ˇÊòÊ SÕÊÁŸ∑§ flŸS¬ÁÃÿÊ¥ ‚ •Êë¿UÊÁŒÃ „Ò– SÕÊÁŸ∑§ ‡ÊéŒ ‚ •Ê¬ ÄÿÊ ‚◊¤ÊÃ „Ò¥?
(3) Á∑§‚Ë Œ‡Ê ∑§ ÷ËÃ⁄U •Ê¥ÃÁ⁄U∑§ ¬˝flÊ‚Ÿ ‚ ©‚∑§Ë ∑ȧ‹ ¡Ÿ‚¥ÅÿÊ ¬⁄U ∑§Ê߸ ¬˝÷Êfl Ÿ„Ë¥ ¬«∏ÃÊ– ÄÿÊ¥?
(4) •¬Á‡Êc≈U ¡‹ ‚ ¬˝ŒÍ·∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê „≈UÊŸ ◊¥ ¡‹∑È¥§÷Ë ∑§ ÃÒ⁄UÃ „È∞ Œ˝√ÿ◊ÊŸ Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥?
(5) ¡Òfl ◊¥«U‹ •Ê⁄UÁˇÊà ÃËŸ ˇÊòÊ ∑§ÊÒŸ ‚ „Ò¥?
(6) ∞¡Ê‹Ê ¡Òfl ©fl¸⁄U∑§Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞∑§ ‚ËÁ◊à ∑§Ê⁄U∑§ „Ò– fl„ ÄÿÊ „Ò?

68/SS/O-333-A ] 9 [ Contd...

19. Answer the following questions in one word only : 1x6=6

(1) An appropriate technique for efficient clean up from garbage accumulation and can be
prepared in the backyard of your home.

(2) A cropping practice in which two or more crops are grown all at the same time.

(3) Name the act which aims at regulating access to biological resources so as to ensure
equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use.

(4) Identify the legislation/act which provides for setting up of National biodiversity
authority and state biodiversity boards.

(5) The process of reusing waste water from industrial or domestic sources after poper
treatment.

(6) A measure of biologically productive area of earth required per person to produce
required resources and to absorb the waste produced.

ŸËø Á‹π ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄U ∑§fl‹ ∞∑§ ‡ÊéŒ ◊¥ ŒËÁ¡∞ —

(1) ∑§ø⁄UÊ ‚¥øÿ ‚ ∑ȧ‡Ê‹ ‚»§Ê߸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ ©¬ÿÈÄàÊ Ã∑§ŸË∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚ •Ê¬∑§ ÉÊ⁄U ∑§ Á¬¿UflÊ«∏ ◊¥ ÃÒÿÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ
¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò–

(2) ∞∑§ »§‚‹ ¬hÁà Á¡‚◊¥ ŒÊ ÿÊ ŒÊ ‚ •Áœ∑§ »§‚‹¥ ∞∑§ „Ë ‚◊ÿ ◊¥ ©ªÊ߸ ¡ÊÃË „Ò¥–

(3) ©‚ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ ’ÃÊß∞ Á¡‚∑§Ê ©g‡ÿ ¡ÒÁfl∑§ ‚¥‚ÊœŸÊ¥ Ã∑§ ¬„È°ø ∑§Ê ÁflÁŸÿÁ◊à ∑§⁄UŸÊ „Ò ÃÊÁ∑§ ©Ÿ∑§
©¬ÿÊª ‚ „ÊŸ flÊ‹ ‹Ê÷Ê¥ ∑§Ê ãÿÊÿ‚¥ªÃ ’°≈UflÊ⁄UÊ ‚ÈÁŸÁ‡øà Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§–

(4) ©‚ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ/•ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë ¬„øÊŸ ∑§⁄¥U ¡Ê ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝ÊÁœ∑§⁄UáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊíÿ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ’Ê«¸U ∑§Ë
SÕʬŸÊ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÊflœÊŸ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „Ò–

(5) •ÊÒlÊÁª∑§ ÿÊ ÉÊ⁄U‹Í dÊÃÊ¥ ‚ ÁŸ∑§‹ •¬Á‡Êc≈U ¡‹ ∑§Ê ©Áøà ©¬øÊ⁄U ∑§ ’ÊŒ ¬ÈŸ— ©¬ÿÊª ◊¥ ‹ÊŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ–

(6) •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ ‚¥‚ÊœŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©à¬ÊŒŸ ∑§⁄UŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ©à¬ÊÁŒÃ •¬Á‡Êc≈U ∑§Ê •fl‡ÊÊÁ·Ã ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬˝Áà √ÿÁÄàÊ
•Êfl‡ÿ∑§ ¬ÎâflË ∑§ ¡ÒÁfl∑§ M§¬ ‚ ©à¬ÊŒ∑§ ˇÊòÊ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ◊ʬ–

68/SS/O-333-A ] 10 [ Contd...

20. Fill in the blank by using appropriate words given below : 1x4=4

(Impact assessment agency, Ramser convention, Kyoto Protocol, Montreal Protocol)

(a) A frame work for international co-operation for the conservation and wise use of
wetland and habitats is __________.

(b) The convention for the protection of Ozone layer is __________.

(c) Convention held in Japan on climate change objectives is __________.

(d) ‘Go ahead’ signal or the environmental clearance is granted by __________ in the
Ministry of Environment and forests.

ŸËø ÁŒ∞ ª∞ ©¬ÿÈÄàÊ ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÊª ∑§⁄U∑§ Á⁄UÄàÊ SÕÊŸ ÷Á⁄U∞ —

(¬˝÷Êfl ‚◊ˡÊÊ ∞¡¥‚Ë, ⁄UÊ◊‚⁄U ‚◊¤ÊÊÒÃÊ, ÄÿÊ≈UÊ ¬˝Ê≈UÊ∑§Ê‹, ◊ÊÚÁã≈˛Uÿ‹ ¬˝Ê≈UÊ∑§Ê‹)

(a) •ÊŒ˝¸÷ÈÁ◊ •ÊÒ⁄U •ÊflÊ‚Ê¥ ∑§ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Áflfl∑§¬Íáʸ ©¬ÿÊª ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ •¥Ã⁄Uʸc≈˛UËÿ ‚„ÿÊª „ÃÈ ∞∑§ M§¬⁄UπÊ
ÃÒÿÊ⁄U ∑§Ë ªß¸ „Ò ©‚ __________ ∑§„Ã „Ò¥–

(b) •Ê$¡ÊŸ ¬⁄Uà ∑§ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ ‚ê◊‹Ÿ __________ „Ò–

(c) ¡‹flÊÿÈ ¬Á⁄UfløŸ ¬⁄U ¡Ê¬ÊŸ ◊¥ •ÊÿÊÁ¡Ã ‚ê◊‹Ÿ ∑§Ê ©g‡ÿ __________ „Ò–

(d) ∑§Ê◊ ∑§Ê •Êª ’…∏ÊŸ ∑§Ê ‚¥∑§Ã ÿÊ ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ◊¥¡Í⁄UË ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U flŸ ◊¥òÊÊ‹ÿ ◊¥ __________
mÊ⁄UÊ ¬˝ŒÊŸ ∑§Ë ¡ÊÃË „Ò–

21. Write the following statement is true or false. 1x3=3

(a) Five star refrigerator is least efficient than one star refrigerator.

(b) Nile perch, an exotic predatory fish eliminated small Cichlid fish in a fresh water aquatic
system.

(c) Poor sex ratio of a country is suggesting that there is no discrimination between male
and female child.

ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ∑§ÕŸ ‚„Ë „Ò ÿÊ ª‹Ã, Á‹Áπ∞ —

(a) ¬Ê°ø Á‚ÃÊ⁄UÊ ⁄UÁ»˝§¡⁄U≈U⁄U ∞∑§ Á‚ÃÊ⁄UÊ ⁄UÁ»˝§¡⁄U≈U⁄U ∑§Ë ÃÈ‹ŸÊ ◊¥ ‚’‚ ∑§◊ ∑ȧ‡Ê‹ „Ò–

(b) ŸÊ߸‹ ¬ø¸, ∞∑§ ÁflŒ‡ÊË ¬⁄U÷ˇÊË ◊¿U‹Ë Ÿ ¿UÊ≈UË Á‚ÁÄÀÊ«U ◊¿U‹Ë ∑§Ê •‹fláÊ¡‹Ëÿ Ã¥òÊ ‚ ‚◊ÊåàÊ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ „Ò–

(c) Á∑§‚Ë Œ‡Ê ∑§Ê π⁄UÊ’ Á‹¥ªÊŸÈ¬Êà ÿ„ ’ÃÊÃÊ „Ò Á∑§ fl„Ê° ‹«∏∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ‹«∏Á∑§ÿÊ¥ ∑§ ’Ëø ∑§Ê߸ ÷Œ÷Êfl Ÿ„Ë¥ „Ò¥–

68/SS/O-333-A ] 11 [ Contd...

OPTIONAL MODULE - A / flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ - A

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

¡‹ ‚¥‚ÊœŸ ¬˝’¥œŸ

22. Certain aquatic areas requires special protection. Why ? 1

∑ȧ¿U ¡‹Ëÿ ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê Áfl‡Ê· ‚È⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ „Ò– ÄÿÊ¥?

23. Write two precautions while storing rain harvested water in cisterns. 1

„ÊÒ¡ ◊¥ fl·Ê¸ ¡‹ ‚¥øÿŸ ∑§⁄UÃ ‚◊ÿ Á¡Ÿ ŒÊ ‚ÊflœÊÁŸÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ’⁄UÃŸÊ øÊÁ„∞ ©Ÿ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ Á‹Áπ∞–

24. Watershed management helps in promoting water conservation. How ? 1

¡‹‚¥÷⁄U ˇÊòÊ ¬˝’¥œŸ ¡‹ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§Ê ’…∏ÊflÊ ŒŸ ◊¥ ∑Ò§‚ ◊ŒŒ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „Ò?

OPTIONAL MODULE - B / flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ - B

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

™§¡Ê¸ ∞fl¥ ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ

22. Wind energy is an indirect form of solar energy. Justify. 1

¬flŸ ™§¡Ê¸ ‚ÊÒ⁄U ™§¡Ê¸ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ •¬˝àÿˇÊ M§¬ „Ò– ß‚∑§Ê •ÊÒÁøàÿ Á‚h ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

23. Jatropa curcas is considered as an important petro plant. Why ? 1

¡Ò≈˛UÊ¬Ê ∑§⁄U∑§‚ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ◊„àfl¬Íáʸ ¬≈˛UÊ å‹Ê¥≈U ◊ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– ÄÿÊ¥?

24. What does process modification mean in energy conservation in industry ? 1

©lÊª ◊¥ ™§¡Ê¸ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ◊¥ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ‚¥‡ÊÊœŸ ∑§Ê ÄÿÊ •Õ¸ „Ò?

68/SS/O-333-A ] 12 [ Contd...

CORE MODULES / ∑§ÁãŒ˝∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹

SUBJECTIVE PART

Áfl·ÿÁŸc∆U ¬˝‡Ÿ

25. Fill in the blanks 1 to 4, based on four factors on which density of a population depends. 2

Á⁄UÄàÊ SÕÊŸ ÷Á⁄U∞ 1 ‚ 4, øÊ⁄U ∑§Ê⁄U∑§Ê¥ ∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ¬⁄U Á¡Ÿ ¬⁄U ¡Ÿ‚¥ÅÿÊ ∑§Ê ÉÊŸàfl ÁŸ÷¸⁄U ∑§⁄UÃÊ „Ò–

OR/•ÕflÊ
How is xerarch succession different from hydrarch ?

‡ÊÈc∑§ÃÊ⁄Uê÷Ë •ŸÈ∑˝§◊ ¡‹Ê⁄Uê÷Ë •ŸÈ∑˝§◊ ‚ Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U Á÷㟠„Ò?

26. How is rural society different from urban society with reference to following factors ? 2

(a) Community size
(b) Population density

ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ∑§Ê⁄U∑§Ê¥ ∑§ ‚¥Œ÷¸ ◊¥ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ‚◊Ê¡ ‡Ê„⁄UË ‚◊Ê¡ ‚ Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U Á÷㟠„Ò?
(a) ∞∑§ ‚◊ÈŒÊÿ ∑§Ê •Ê∑§Ê⁄U
(b) ¡Ÿ‚¥ÅÿÊ ÉÊŸàfl

27. Write two ways by which development can take place without causing damage and 2
destruction to environment.

∞‚ ŒÊ Ã⁄UË∑§ ’ÃÊß∞ Á¡Ÿ‚ ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ˇÊÁà •ÊÒ⁄U ÁflŸÊ‡Ê ¬„È°øÊ∞ Á’ŸÊ Áfl∑§Ê‚ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò–

28. Deforestation leads to soil erosion. Justify. 2

flŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë ∑§≈UÊ߸ ‚ ◊ÎŒÊˇÊ⁄UáÊ „ÊÃÊ „Ò– S¬c≈U ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

68/SS/O-333-A ] 13 [ Contd...

29. How is environmental legislation important for environment improvement and conservation ? 2
¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ‚ÈœÊ⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊËÿ ÁflœÊŸ (∑§ÊŸÍŸ) Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ◊„àfl¬Íáʸ „Ò?

30. State what is biological diveristy ? Which are the three different levels at which biological 2
diversity should be considered ?
¡ÒÁfl∑§ ÁflÁflœÃÊ ÄÿÊ „Ò? ’ÃÊß∞– fl ÃËŸ •‹ª-•‹ª SÃ⁄U ∑§ÊÒŸ ‚ „Ò¥ Á¡Ÿ ¬⁄U (¡ÒÁfl∑§ ÁflÁflœÃÊ) ÁfløÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ
¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò?

31. State two reasons for migration of rural folk towards cities. 2
ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§ ‡Ê„⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U ¬‹ÊÿŸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ ŒÊ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ’ÃÊß∞–
OR/•ÕflÊ
Tribal communities were able to live in forest without harming it. Which two ways of their
living should we embrace ?
•ÊÁŒflÊ‚Ë ‚◊ÈŒÊÿ ¡¥ª‹ ∑§Ê ŸÈ∑§‚ÊŸ ¬„È°øÊ∞ Á’ŸÊ ©‚◊¥ ⁄U„Ÿ ◊¥ ‚ˇÊ◊ Õ, ÃÊ „◊¥ ©Ÿ∑§ ¡ËflŸ ¡ËŸ ∑§ ∑§ÊÒŸ ‚ ŒÊ
Ã⁄UË∑§ •¬ŸÊŸ øÊÁ„∞?

32. Examine the case of thar desert and identify a mammal, a bird, a plant which are now in the 2
list of endangered species. Also mention a national bird which is well protected by people.
ÕÊ⁄U ⁄UÁªSÃÊŸ ∑§ ‚¥Œ÷¸ ◊¥ ∞∑§ S߬ÊÿË, ∞∑§ ¬ˇÊË •ÊÒ⁄U ∞∑§ ¬ÊÒœ ∑§Ë ¬„øÊŸ ∑§⁄¥U ¡Ê •’ ‹Èåàʬ˝Êÿ ¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË
◊¥ „Ò– ‚ÊÕ „Ë ∞∑§ ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ¬ˇÊË ∑§Ê ÷Ë ©ÀÀÊπ ∑§⁄¥U ¡Ê ‹ÊªÊ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ •ë¿UË Ã⁄U„ ‚ ‚¥⁄UÁˇÊà „Ò–
OR/•ÕflÊ
What do you understand by desertification ? Which human activity in thar desert makes
regeneration of plant process in the desert very difficult ?
◊L§SÕ‹Ë∑§⁄UáÊ ‚ •Ê¬ ÄÿÊ ‚◊¤ÊÃ „Ò¥? ÕÊ⁄U ◊L§SÕ‹ ◊¥ ∑§ÊÒŸ-‚Ë ◊ÊŸflËÿ ªÁÃÁflÁœ „Ò, ¡Ê ◊M§SÕ‹ ◊¥ ¬ÊÒœÊ¥ ∑§
¬ÈŸ¡¸ŸŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ê ’„Èà ∑§Á∆UŸ ’ŸÊ ŒÃË „Ò?

33. In which two groups radiations can be categorized ? Give an example of each group. Write 4
the possible damages caused to humans by radiation pollution.
ÁflÁ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê Á∑§Ÿ ŒÊ ‚◊Í„Ê¥ ◊¥ flªË¸∑Χà Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò? ¬˝àÿ∑§ ‚◊Í„ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ŒËÁ¡∞– ÁflÁ∑§⁄UáÊ ¬˝ŒÍ·áÊ
‚ ◊ŸÈcÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê „ÊŸ flÊ‹ ‚¥÷ÊÁflà ŸÈ∑§‚ÊŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê Á‹Áπ∞–
OR/•ÕflÊ
How can disease causing pathogens reach humans ? List all modes of transmission with one
example each.
⁄UÊª ¬ÒŒÊ ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹ ⁄UÊªÊáÊÈ (⁄UÊª-¡ãÿ) ◊ŸÈcÿÊ¥ Ã∑§ ∑Ò§‚ ¬„È°ø ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥? ¬˝àÿ∑§ ∑§ ∞∑§ ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‚¥∑˝§◊áÊ
∑§ ‚÷Ë Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ŸÊ∞°–

68/SS/O-333-A ] 14 [ Contd...

34. You are invited to give a talk on how exotic species can cause biodiversity depletion. Give 4
four examples and highlight the biodiversity loss due to exotic species.
•Ê¬∑§Ê ß‚ Áfl·ÿ ¬⁄U ’Êà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ •Ê◊¥ÁòÊà Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò Á∑§ ÁflŒ‡ÊË ¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÊ° Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ◊¥
∑§◊Ë ‹Ê ‚∑§ÃË „¥Ò– øÊ⁄U ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ŒËÁ¡∞ ÃÕÊ ÁflŒ‡ÊË ¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ∑§Ë „ÊÁŸ ¬⁄U ¬˝∑§Ê‡Ê
«ÊUÁ‹∞–

35. ‘Cycling of Nitrogen is vitally important for all living organisms’. Write one sentence each on 5
the five main processes essential for nitrogen cycle.
ŸÊß≈˛UÊ¡Ÿ ø∑˝§ ‚÷Ë ¡ËÁflà ¡ËflÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ •àÿ¥Ã ◊„àfl¬Íáʸ „Ò¥– ŸÊß≈˛UÊ¡Ÿ ø∑˝§ ∑§ Á‹∞ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ ¬Ê°ø ◊ÈÅÿ
¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ•Ê¥ ¬⁄U ∞∑§ flÊÄÿ Á‹Áπ∞–

36. When does a occupational health hazard arise ? What is the common name of black lung 5
disease ? Which people suffer the most from it ? Write its causes, symptoms and ways of
prevention.
√ÿÊfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ SflÊSâÿ πÃ⁄UÊ ∑§’ ©à¬ãŸ „ÊÃÊ „Ò? é‹Ò∑§ ‹¥ª ⁄UÊª ∑§Ê ‚Ê◊Êãÿ ŸÊ◊ ÄÿÊ „Ò? ß‚‚ ∑§ÊÒŸ ‚ ‹Êª ‚’‚
•Áœ∑§ ¬ËÁ«∏à „ÊÃ „Ò¥? ß‚ ⁄UÊª ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ, ‹ˇÊáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊ∑§ÕÊ◊ ∑§ Ã⁄UË∑§ Á‹Áπ∞–
OR/•ÕflÊ
What are the reasons for rapid decline of biodiversity ? List any five reasons.
¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ◊¥ Ã$¡Ë ‚ Áª⁄UÊfl≈U ∑§ ÄÿÊ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „Ò¥? Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ¬Ê°ø ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚ÍøË’h ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

OPTIONAL MODULE - 8A / flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ - 8A
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
¡‹ ‚¥‚ÊœŸ ¬˝’¥œŸ

37. What are the major water quality issues in context of India. 2
÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ‚¥Œ÷¸ ◊¥ ¡‹ ªÈáÊflûÊÊ ∑§ ¬˝◊Èπ ◊ÈŒ˜Œ ÄÿÊ „Ò¥?

38. Suggest four benefits of rainwater harvesting to the people facing scarcity of water. 2
¡‹ ∑§Ë ∑§◊Ë ‚ ¡Í¤Ê ⁄U„ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê fl·Ê¸ ¡‹ ‚¥øÿŸ ∑§ øÊ⁄U ‹Ê÷ ‚ȤÊÊß∞–
OR/•ÕflÊ
Which two ways will you adopt to conserve ground water in your City/Village ?
•Ê¬ •¬Ÿ ‡Ê„⁄U/ªÊ°fl ◊¥ ÷Í¡‹ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§ÊÒŸ-‚ ŒÊ Ã⁄UË∑§ •¬ŸÊ∞°ª?

39. List any four government’s efforts on water conservation. 2
¡‹ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ¬⁄U Á∑§ã„Ë¥ øÊ⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ¬˝ÿÊ‚Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ŸÊß∞–
OR/•ÕflÊ
Management of crops growing pattern should be made aware to farmers. What advice will
you give regarding this to conserve water in water scarce area ?
»§‚‹ ©ªÊŸ ∑§ Ã⁄UË∑§ ∑§ ¬˝’¥œŸ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ Á∑§‚ÊŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¡ÊªM§∑§ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ øÊÁ„∞– ¡‹ ∑§Ë ∑§◊Ë flÊ‹ ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ◊¥ ¡‹
‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ •Ê¬ ÄÿÊ ‚‹Ê„ Œ¥ª?

68/SS/O-333-A ] 15 [ Contd...

OPTIONAL MODULE - 8B / flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ◊ÊÚ«KÍ‹ - 8B

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

™§¡Ê¸ ∞fl¥ ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ

37. Solar kitchen is an energy efficient building. How meals are cooked in this kitchen ? 2

‚ÊÒ⁄U ⁄U‚Ê߸ÉÊ⁄U ∞∑§ ™§¡Ê¸ ∑ȧ‡Ê‹ ß◊Ê⁄Uà „Ò– ß‚ ⁄U‚Ê߸ÉÊ⁄U ◊¥ ÷Ê¡Ÿ ∑Ò§‚ ¬∑§ÊÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò?

38. Which four alternative natural sources of energy can be used in order to conserve fossil fuels ? 2

çÿÍÁ‚‹ ßZœŸ ∑§ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ™§¡Ê¸ ∑§ Á∑§Ÿ øÊ⁄U flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ¬˝Ê∑ΧÁÃ∑§ dÊÃÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©¬ÿÊª Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò¥?
OR/•ÕflÊ

What are the limitations of alternative energy sources ?

flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ™§¡Ê¸ dÊÃÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚Ë◊Ê∞° ÄÿÊ „Ò¥?

39. Which behavioural changes in human will positively result in energy conservation ? 2

◊ÊŸfl ◊¥ ∑§ÊÒŸ ‚ √ÿfl„ÊÁ⁄U∑§ ¬Á⁄UfløŸ ‚∑§Ê⁄UÊà◊∑§ M§¬ ‚ ™§¡Ê¸ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ◊¥ ¬Á⁄UáÊà „Ê¥ª?
OR/•ÕflÊ

How solar energy can be used for cooling purposes ?

‡ÊËËŸ ¬˝ÿÊ¡ŸÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ‚ÊÒ⁄U ™§¡Ê¸ ∑§Ê ©¬ÿÊª ∑Ò§‚ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò?

-oOo-

68/SS/O-333-A ] 16 [ Contd...