NIOS Class 12 Question Paper 2021 (Oct) Environmental Science

This Question Paper consists of 32 questions [Section-A (22) + Section-B (5+5)] and 8 printed pages.
ß‚ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ◊¥ 32 ¬˝‡Ÿ [πá«U “•” (22) + πá«U “’” (5+5) ] ÃÕÊ 8 ◊ÈÁŒ˝Ã ¬Îc∆UU „¥Ò –
Roll No. Code No.
•ŸÈ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ ∑§Ê«U Ÿ¥. 62/SS/O
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (Theory)
¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ÁflôÊÊŸ (Á‚hÊ¥Ã)
(333)
Set/‚≈U A
Day and Date of Examination
¬⁄UˡÊÊ ∑§Ê ÁŒŸ fl ÁŒŸÊ¥∑§
Signature of Invigilators 1.
ÁŸ⁄UˡÊ∑§Ê¥ ∑§ „SÃÊˇÊ⁄U
2.

General Instructions :
1. Candidate must write his/her Roll Number on the first page of the Question Paper.
2. Please check the Question Paper to verify that the total pages and total number of questions contained in the
Question Paper are the same as those printed on the top of the first page. Also check to see that the questions are
in sequential order.
3. Making any identification mark in the Answer-Book or writing Roll Number anywhere other than the specified
places will lead to disqualification of the candidate.
4. Write your Question Paper Code No. 62/SS/O-A on the Answer-Book.
5. (a) The Question Paper is in English/Hindi medium only. However, if you wish, you can answer in any one
of the languages listed below :
English, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, Oriya, Gujarati,
Konkani, Manipuri, Assamese, Nepali, Kashmiri, Sanskrit and Sindhi. You are required to indicate the
language you have chosen to answer in the box provided in the Answer-Book.
(b) If you choose to write the answer in the language other than Hindi and English, the responsibility for any
errors/mistakes in understanding the question will be yours only.
‚Ê◊Êãÿ •ŸÈŒ‡Ê —
1. ¬⁄UˡÊÊÕ˸ ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§ §¬„‹ ¬Îc∆U ¬⁄U •¬ŸÊ •ŸÈ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ •fl‡ÿU Á‹π¥–
2. ∑Χ¬ÿÊ ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§Ê ¡ÊÚ°ø ‹¥ Á∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§ ∑ȧ‹ ¬Îc∆UÊ¥ ÃÕÊ ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë ©ÃŸË „Ë ‚¥ÅUÿÊ „Ò Á¡ÃŸË ¬˝Õ◊ ¬Îc∆ ∑ §‚’‚ ™§¬⁄U ¿U¬Ë „Ò– ß‚ ’ÊÃ
∑§Ë ¡ÊÚ°ø ÷Ë ∑§⁄U ‹¥ Á∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑˝ Á◊∑§ UM§¬ ◊¥ „Ò¥–
3. § ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSUÃ∑§Ê ◊¥ ¬„øÊŸ-Áøq ’ŸÊŸ •ÕflÊ ÁŸÁŒ¸c≈U SÕÊŸÊ¥ ∑§§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà ∑§„Ë¥ ÷Ë •ŸÈ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ Á‹πŸ ¬⁄U ¬⁄UˡÊÊÕ˸ ∑§Ê •ÿÊÇÿ ∆U„⁄UÊÿÊ
¡ÊÿªÊ–
4. •¬ŸË ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSUÃ∑§Ê ¬⁄U ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§Ë ∑§Ê«U ‚¥ÅÿÊ 62/SS/O-A Á‹π¥–
5. (∑§) ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§fl‹ Á„¥ŒË/•¥ª˝¡Ë ◊Êäÿ◊ ◊¥ „Ò– Á»§⁄U ÷Ë, ÿÁŒ •Ê¬ øÊ„¥ ÃÊ ŸËø ŒË ªß¸ Á∑§‚Ë ∞∑§ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄ Œ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥ —
•¥ª˝¡Ë, Á„¥ŒË, ©ŒÍ¸, ¬¥¡Ê’Ë, ’°ª‹Ê, ÃÁ◊‹, ◊‹ÿÊ‹◊, ∑§ãŸ«∏, Ã‹ÈªÈ, ◊⁄UÊ∆UË, ©Á«∏ÿÊ, ªÈ¡⁄UÊÃË, ∑§Ê¥∑§áÊË, ◊ÁáʬÈ⁄UË, •‚Á◊ÿÊ,
Ÿ¬Ê‹Ë, ∑§‡◊Ë⁄UË, ‚¥S∑Χç•ÊÒ⁄U Á‚¥œË–
∑Χ¬ÿÊ ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSÃ∑§Ê ◊¥ ÁŒ∞ ª∞ ’ÊÚÄ‚ ◊¥ Á‹π¥ Á∑§ •Ê¬ Á∑§‚ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄U Á‹π ⁄U„ „Ò¥– §
(π) ÿÁŒ •Ê¬ Á„¥ŒË ∞fl¥ •¥ª˝¡Ë ∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà Á∑§‚Ë •ãÿ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄U Á‹πÃ „Ò¥ ÃÊ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§Ê ‚◊¤ÊŸ ◊¥ „ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë
òÊÈÁ≈UÿÊ¥/ª‹ÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë Á¡ê◊UŒÊ⁄Ë ∑ fl‹ •Ê¬∑§Ë „ÊªË–

62/SS/O-333-A ] 1 [ Contd...

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (Theory)
¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ÁflôÊÊŸ (Á‚hÊ¥Ã)
(333)

Time : 3 Hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 80
‚◊ÿ — 3 ÉÊá≈U ] [ ¬ÍáÊÊZ∑§ — 80

Note : (i) This Question Paper consists of two Sections, viz., Section ‘A’ and Section ‘B’.
(ii) All questions from Section ‘A’ are compulsory.
(iii) Section ‘B’ has two options. Candidates are required to attempt questions from one
option only.
(iv) Marks allotted are indicated against each question.

ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê — (i) ß‚ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ◊¥ ŒÊ πá«U „Ò¥ - πá«U “•” ÃÕÊ πá«U “’”–
(ii) πá«U “•” ◊¥ ÁŒ∞ ª∞ ‚÷Ë ¬˝‡Ÿ •ÁŸflÊÿ¸ „Ò¥–
(iii) πá«U “’” ◊¥ ŒÊ Áfl∑§À¬ „Ò¥– ¬⁄UˡÊÊÁÕ¸ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑§fl‹ ∞∑§ Áfl∑§À¬ ∑§ „Ë ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄U ŒŸ „Ò¥–
(iv) ¬˝àÿ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§ ‚Ê◊Ÿ ©‚∑§ •¥∑§ ÁŒ∞ ª∞ „Ò¥–

SECTION - A
πá« - •U

1. What do you understand by ‘oil-spill’ ? 1
Ã‹ Á⁄U‚Êfl (Á¿U«∏∑§Ÿ) ‚ •Ê¬∑§Ê ÄÿÊ ÃÊà¬ÿ¸ „Ò?

2. Define Biofertilisers. 1
¡Òfl-©fl¸⁄U∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë ¬Á⁄U÷Ê·Ê Á‹Áπ∞–

3. Where is Tehri Power Project situated ? 1
““Ã„⁄UË ÁfllÈà ¬Á⁄UÿÊ¡ŸÊ”” ∑§„Ê° ¬⁄U ÁSÕà „Ò?

4. Name the chemical responsible for minamata disease. 1
Á◊ŸÊ◊ÊÃÊ ⁄UÊª ∑§ Á‹∞ ©ûÊ⁄UŒÊÿË ⁄U‚ÊÿŸ ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ ’ÃÊß∞–

62/SS/O-333-A ] 2 [ Contd...

5. Give the main difference between habitat and niche with a suitable example. 2
©¬ÿÈÄà ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚„ÊÿÃÊ ‚ ¬ÿʸflÊ‚ •ÊÒ⁄U ÁŸ∑§Ã ◊¥ •¥Ã⁄U ’ÃÊß∞–

6. Who founded Sulabh International ? What sort of work does this organisation undertake ? 2
‚È‹÷ ߥ≈U⁄UŸ‡ÊŸ‹ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁìʌŸ Á∑§‚Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ? ÿ„ ‚¥ÅÿÊ Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ ¬⁄U ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄UÃË „Ò?

7. (a) When fertilizers and sewage enter water bodies, phytoplankton and algae grow rapidly. 2
What is this phenomenon called ?
(b) Name the process by which the domestic and agricultural organic wastes are segregated
and made into manure.
(a) ©fl¸⁄U∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊‹¡‹ ¡’ ¡‹-ÁŸ∑§ÊÿÊ¥ ∑§ ¬ÊŸË ◊¥ ÉÊÈ‹ „Ê ¡ÊÃ „Ò¥ Ã’ ¬ÊŒ¬ å‹fl∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ‡ÊÒflÊ‹ ÃËfl˝ ªÁà ‚
flÎÁh ∑§⁄UŸ ‹ªÃ „Ò¥– ß‚ ¬Á⁄UÉÊ≈UŸÊ ∑§Ê ÄÿÊ ∑§„Ã „Ò¥?
(b) ©‚ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ ’ÃÊß∞ Á¡‚∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ÉÊ⁄U‹Í •ÊÒ⁄U ∑ΧÁ· ∑§ ∑§Ê’¸ÁŸ∑§ •¬Á‡Êc≈UÊ¥ ∑§Ê •‹ª ∑§⁄U ∑§ ©Ÿ‚ πÊŒ
’ŸÊÿË ¡ÊÃË „Ò–

8. List the four conditions that make earth a unique planet. 2
©Ÿ øÊ⁄U ¬Á⁄UÁSÕÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ŸÊß∞ Á¡Ÿ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ¬ÎâflË ∞∑§ •ŸÍ∆UÊ ª˝„ ’Ÿ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò–

9. (a) What are environmental legislations and how are they important for environmental 2
improvement and conservation ?
(b) Expand EIA and define the term.
(a) ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊËÿ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ÄÿÊ „ÊÃ „Ò¥ ÃÕÊ fl ÁŸêŸ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ’„Ã⁄U ’ŸÊŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ©‚∑§ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞
◊„àfl¬Íáʸ „Ò?
(b) EIA ∑§Ê ¬Í⁄UÊ ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞ ÃÕÊ ß‚ ‡ÊéŒ ∑§Ë ¬Á⁄U÷Ê·Ê Á‹Áπ∞–

10. List the four basic components of Disaster Management. 2
•Ê¬ŒÊ ¬˝’¥œŸ ∑§ øÊ⁄U ◊Í‹÷Íà ‚¥ÉÊ≈U∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ŸÊß∞–

11. (a) Arrange in proper sequence the evolutionary stages of the human species : 2
Homo habilis; Homo sapiens; Homo erectus; Australopithecus.
(b) Name two draught animals.
(a) ◊ÊŸfl S¬Ë‡ÊË$¡ ∑§Ë ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà Áfl∑§Ê‚Ëÿ •flSÕÊ•Ê¥ ∑§ ©Ÿ∑§ ‚„Ë ∑˝§◊ ◊¥ Á‹Áπ∞ —
„Ê◊Ê „ÒÁ’Á‹‚˜, „Ê◊Ê ‚Á¬∞゘, „Ê◊Ê ß⁄UÄ≈U‚˜, •ÊÚS≈Ò˛U‹ÊÁ¬Õ∑§‚˜
(b) ŒÊ ÷Ê⁄UflÊ„Ë ¡¥ÃÈ•Ê¥ ∑§ ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞–

62/SS/O-333-A ] 3 [ Contd...

12. Give the botanical names of any two medicinal plants and also name the diseases for which 2
they are used.
Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ŒÊ •ÊÒ·œËÿ ¬ÊÒœÊ¥ ∑§Ê flŸS¬Áà flÒôÊÊÁŸ∑§ ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞ ÃÕÊ ÿ„ ÷Ë ’ÃÊß∞ Á∑§ fl Á∑§Ÿ ⁄UÊªÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬˝ÿÈÄà Á∑§∞
¡ÊÃ „Ò¥?

13. (a) What do the following statements mean : 4
(i) Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas are considered ‘Hot-spots’.
(ii) How many animals and how many plants in India are listed as critically
endangered in the IUCN Red List ?
(b) Distinguish between the two conservation categories giving suitable examples.
(a) ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ∑§ÕŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÄÿÊ •Õ¸ „Ò —
(i) ¬Á‡ø◊Ë ÉÊÊ≈U •ÊÒ⁄U ¬Ífl˸ Á„◊Ê‹ÿ ∑§Ê ““„ÊÚ≈U-S¬ÊÚ≈U”” ◊ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò–
(ii) IUCN ⁄U«U Á‹S≈U ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ Á∑§ÃŸ ¡¥ÃÈ•Ê¥ ∞fl¥ ¬ÊÒœÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑˝§Ê¥ÁÃ∑§ M§¬ ‚ ‚¥∑§≈UʬÛÊ ’ÃÊÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò?

(b) ©¬ÿÈÄà ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ŒÃ „È∞ ŒÊ ‚¥⁄UˇÊË üÊÁáÊÿÊ¥ ◊¥ •¥Ã⁄U ’ÃÊß∞–

14. Ram and Mohan are two village youths who have left their village along with their families 4
and migrated to a neighboring city for a better life. List any four advantages and any four
disadvantages they would have to encounter.
⁄UÊ◊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊Ê„Ÿ ŒÊ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ÿÈfl∑§Ê¥ Ÿ •¬ŸÊ ªÊ°fl ¿UÊ«∏ ÁŒÿÊ ÃÕÊ ‚◊ˬ ∑§ ‡Ê„⁄U ◊¥ •Ê∑§⁄U ’‚ ª∞ ÃÊÁ∑§ ©Ÿ∑§Ê ¡ËflŸ
’„Ã⁄U „Ê ‚∑§– ’ÃÊß∞ Á∑§ ßã„¥ ∑§ÊÒŸ-‚ øÊ⁄U ‹Ê÷ •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§ÊÒŸ-‚ øÊ⁄U ŸÈ∑§‚ÊŸ „ÊªÊ?

15. (a) What is the full form of WHO and what is its main objective ? 4
(b) Name the first disease in human history to be eradicated by human efforts.
(c) Why is it necessary to have environmental ethics ?
(a) WHO ∑§Ê ¬Í⁄UÊ ŸÊ◊ ’ÃÊß∞– ß‚ ‚¥SÕÊ ∑§ ¬˝◊Èπ ©g‡ÿ Á‹Áπ∞–
(b) ◊ÊŸfl ßÁÄʂ ◊¥ ©‚ ¬„‹ ⁄UÊª ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞ Á¡‚∑§Ê ÁŸ⁄UÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ◊ÊŸfl-¬˝ÿÊ‚Ê¥ ‚ „È•Ê ÕÊ–
(c) ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊËÿ ŸÒÁÃ∑§ÃÊ ÄÿÊ¥ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „Ò?

16. (a) List any four remedial strategies to prevent Soil erosion. 4
(b) Continued application of biocides on cultivated crops cause various adverse affects.
List any four affects.
(a) ◊ÎŒÊ •¬⁄UŒŸ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ øÊ⁄U ¬˝ÁÃ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Êÿ¸-ŸËÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍÁø ’ŸÊß∞–
(b) ∑ΧÁ· ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë »§‚‹Ê¥ ¬⁄U ’ÊÿÊ‚Êß«UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‹ªÊÃÊ⁄U ¬˝ÿÊª ∑§⁄UŸ ¬⁄U ÁflÁflœ ŒÈc¬˝÷Êfl ¬«∏Ã „Ò¥– Á∑§ã„Ë¥ øÊ⁄U
ŒÈc¬˝÷ÊflÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ÃÊß∞–

62/SS/O-333-A ] 4 [ Contd...

17. (a) Draw a diagrammatic representation of the carbon cycle in nature. 4
(b) What is the overall impact of human activities on the global carbon cycle ?
(a) ¬˝∑ΧÁà ◊¥ ∑§Ê’¸Ÿ-ø∑˝§ ∑§Ê •Ê⁄UπË ÁŸM§¬áÊ ’ŸÊß∞–
(b) flÒÁ‡fl∑§ ∑§Ê’¸Ÿ-ø∑˝§ ¬⁄U ◊ÊŸfl Á∑˝§ÿÊ∑§‹Ê¬Ê¥ ∑§Ê ‚∑§‹ ¬˝÷Êfl ’ÃÊß∞–

18. Answer the following : 4
(a) Name a disease transmitted by vectors.
(b) Diarrhoea with or without blood or mucous in stools, fever and gripping pain in the
abdomen are all symptoms of a water borne disease. Name the disease.
(c) Name the pathogen which causes typhoid.
(d) Name two eye - diseases caused due to poor quality of water used for eye washing.
ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄U ŒËÁ¡∞ —
(a) Á∑§‚Ë ∞∑§ ⁄UÊª ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞ ¡Ê flÄ≈U⁄UÊ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ ‚¥øÊÁ⁄Uà „ÊÃÊ „Ò–
(b) ¡‹-¡ÁŸÃ «UÊÿÁ⁄UÿÊ ⁄UÊª‹ˇÊáÊ „Ò¥ πÍŸ •ÕflÊ πÍŸ ⁄UÁ„à ‡ÊÊÒø, ‡ÊÊÒø ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‡‹c◊Ê, ífl⁄U ÃÕÊ ¬≈U ◊¥ ÃËfl˝
¬Ë«∏Ê– ß‚ ⁄UÊª ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞–
(c) ≈UÊß»§Êÿ«U ∑§ ⁄UÊª¡Ÿ∑§ ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞–
(d) •Ê°π-◊È°„ œÊÃ ‚◊ÿ ª¥Œ ¬ÊŸË ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ©à¬ÛÊ „ÊŸ flÊ‹ ŒÊ ŸòÊ-⁄UÊªÊ¥ ∑§ ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞–

19. (a) A food chain is given below :
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake. 6
(i) What is each step of the food chain known as ?
(ii) In the above food chain, if the grass has 10,000 k.cal. of energy, calculate the
amount of energy the snake will receive.
(b) (i) Where are Mangrove ecosystems found in India ?
(ii) List any four characteristics of the Mangrove ecosystem.
(a) ŸËø ∞∑§ πÊl-oÎ¥π‹Ê ŒË ªÿË „Ò —
ÉÊÊ‚ → Á≈UaÊ → ◊¥…∏∑§ → ‚Ê°¬–
(i) πÊl-oÎ¥π‹Ê ∑§Ê ¬˝àÿ∑§ ø⁄UáÊ ÄÿÊ ∑§„‹ÊÃÊ „Ò?
(ii) ©¬⁄UÊÄà πÊl-oÎ¥π‹Ê ◊¥ ÿÁŒ ÉÊÊ‚ ∑§Ê 10,000 k.cal. ™§¡Ê¸ ¬˝Êåà „ÊÃË „Ò ÃÊ ‚Ê°¬ ∑§Ê Á◊‹Ÿ flÊ‹Ë ™§¡Ê¸
∑§Ë ◊ÊòÊÊ ∑§Ê •Ê∑§‹Ÿ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–
(b) (i) ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ◊Ò¥ª˝Êfl ¬ÊÁ⁄UÃ¥òÊ ∑§„Ê° ¬ÊÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò?
(ii) ◊Ò¥ª˝Êfl ¬ÊÁ⁄UÃ¥òÊ ∑§Ë Á∑§ã„Ë¥ øÊ⁄U ÁflÁ‡Êc≈UÃÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ÃÊß∞–

62/SS/O-333-A ] 5 [ Contd...

20. (a) List the four main stages of coal formation. 6

(b) List any four methods by which we can conserve water.

(c) (i) Name two chemical compounds which can be called biofuels.

(ii) Name a biodiesel yielding plant.

(a) ∑§Êÿ‹Ê-ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ë øÊ⁄U ¬˝◊Èπ •flSÕÊ•Ê¥ ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ’ÃÊß∞–

(b) ©Ÿ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ øÊ⁄U ÁflÁœÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ÃÊß∞ Á¡Ÿ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ „◊ ¡‹-‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥–

(c) (i) ©Ÿ ŒÊ ⁄UÊ‚ÊÿÁŸ∑§ ÿÊÒÁª∑§Ê¥ ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ’ÃÊß∞ Á¡ã„¥ ¡ÒflßZœŸ ∑§„Ê ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò–

(ii) ’ÊÿÊ«UË¡‹ ¬˝ŒÊŸ ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹ ¬ÊÒœ ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞–

21. As a responsible member of the society which are the basic six areas we should focus on to 6
conserve our natural resources and protect our environment.

fl ∑§ÊÒŸ-‚ ¿U„ ◊Í‹÷Íà ˇÊòÊ „Ò Á¡Ÿ¬⁄U ‚◊Ê¡ ∑§ Á¡ê◊ŒÊ⁄U ‚ŒSÿ „ÊŸ ∑§ ŸÊÃ „◊¥ •¬Ÿ ¬˝Ê∑ΧÁÃ∑§ ‚¥‚ÊœŸÊ¥ ∑§ ¬⁄ËU⁄UˇÊáÊ
∑§ Á‹∞ ÃÕÊ •¬Ÿ ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ‚È⁄UÁˇÊà ⁄UπŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ äÿÊŸ ŒŸÊ øÊÁ„∞–

22. (a) List any four strategies useful in reducing release of green house gases into the 6
atmosphere.

(b) What do you understand by Desertification ? What kind of activities promote
desertification ?

(c) What is Acid rain ? How does acid rain affect ?

(i) aquatic life and

(ii) buildings and monuments

(a) flÊÃÊfl⁄UáÊ ◊¥ ª˝ËŸ „Ê©‚ ªÒ‚Ê¥ ∑§ ÁŸÿÈÄà ∑§Ê ∑§◊ ∑§⁄UŸ ◊¥ ‚„Êÿ∑§ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ øÊ⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸ÁŸÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ŸÊß∞–

(b) ◊L§SÕ‹Ë∑§⁄UáÊ ‚ •Ê¬∑§Ê ÄÿÊ ÃÊà¬ÿ¸ „Ò? Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ Á∑˝§ÿÊ∑§‹Ê¬ ◊L§SÕ‹Ë∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ’…∏ÊflÊ ŒÃ „Ò¥?

(c) •ê‹-fl·Ê¸ ÄÿÊ „ÊÃË „Ò? •ê‹-fl·Ê¸ ∑§Ê ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ¬⁄U ÄÿÊ ¬˝÷Êfl ¬«∏ÃÊ „Ò?

(i) ¡‹Ëÿ ¡ËflŸ ¬⁄U

(ii) ÷flŸÊ¥ ∞fl¥ S◊Ê⁄U∑§Ê¥ ¬⁄U

62/SS/O-333-A ] 6 [ Contd...

SECTION - B

πá« - ’
OPTION - I

Áfl∑§À¬ - I
(Water Resource Management)

(¡‹ ‚¥‚ÊœŸ ¬˝’¥œŸ)

23. State two reasons for the decline of quality of groundwater. 1

÷Í-¡‹ ∑§Ë ªÈáÊflûÊÊ ∑§Ê ÉÊ≈UÃ ¡ÊŸ ∑§ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ŒÊ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ’ÃÊß∞–

24. Arsenic is a highly toxic metal found in the groundwater in some parts of West Bengal. The 1
treatment technology is based on flocculation; oxidation; filtration; coagulation; sedimentation.
Arrange these processes in order.

¬Á‡ø◊Ë ’¥ªÊ‹ ∑§ ∑ȧ¿U ÷ʪÊ¥ ∑§ ÷Í-¡‹ ◊¥ ’„Èà Áfl·Ò‹Ê •Ê‚¸ÁŸ∑§ ¬ÊÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– ß‚∑§Ë ©¬øÊ⁄U ¬˝ÊÒlÊÁª∑§Ë
ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ¬⁄U •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà „Ò — ™§áʸŸ, •ÊÚÄ‚Ë∑§⁄UáÊ, ÁŸSÿ¥ŒŸ, S∑¥§ŒŸ, •fl‚ÊŒŸ– ߟ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ‚„Ë ∑˝§◊ ◊¥
‹ªÊß∞–

25. What do you mean by rainwater harvesting ? List any four benefits of rainwater harvesting 2
in modern times.

fl·Ê¸¡‹ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ‚ •Ê¬∑§Ê ÄÿÊ ÃÊà¬ÿ¸ „Ò? •ÊœÈÁŸ∑§ ¡◊ÊŸ ◊¥ fl·Ê¸¡‹ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ øÊ⁄U ‹Ê÷Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË
’ŸÊß∞–

26. Draw a diagrammatic representation of a Global hydrological cycle. 2

flÒÁ‡fl∑§ ¡‹ ø∑˝§ ∑§Ê •Ê⁄UπË ÁŸM§¬áÊ ’ŸÊß∞–

27. What is meant by Artificial Recharge ? List any four advantages and two disadvantages of 6
artificial recharge.

∑ΧÁòÊ◊ ¬ÈŸ÷¸⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ÄÿÊ •Õ¸ „Ò? ∑ΧÁòÊ◊ ¬ÈŸ÷¸⁄UáÊ ∑§ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ øÊ⁄U ‹Ê÷Ê¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ŒÊ „ÊÁŸÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ŸÊß∞–

62/SS/O-333-A ] 7 [ Contd...

OPTION - II

Áfl∑§À¬ - II
(Energy and Management)

(™§¡Ê¸ ∞fl¥ ¬˝’¥œŸ)

23. Give the scientific name of any Petro plant. 1

∞∑§ ¬≈˛UÊ å‹Ê¥≈U ∑§Ê flÒôÊÊÁŸ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ’ÃÊß∞–

24. Why is hydrogen known as a clean energy source ? 1

„Êß«˛UÊ¡Ÿ ∑§Ê Sflë¿U ™§¡Ê¸ dÊà ÄÿÊ¥ ◊ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò?

25. What are fossil fuels ? How are they produced ? 2

¡Ëflʇ◊ ßZœŸ ÄÿÊ „ÊÃ „Ò¥? ÿ Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ’ŸÃ „Ò¥?

26. What are photovoltaic cell and how do they work ? 2

¬˝∑§Ê‡Ê flÊÀ≈Uß∑§ ‚‹ ÄÿÊ „ÊÃ „Ò¥ •ÊÒ⁄U fl Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§⁄UÃ „¥Ò?

27. How is energy conservation possible while constructing buildings ? Explain with the help of 6
a suitable example of any energy efficient building.

÷flŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ ∑§⁄UÃ ‚◊ÿ ™§¡Ê¸-‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ‚¥÷fl „Ò? Á∑§‚Ë ™§¡Ê¸-∑ȧ‡Ê‹ ÷flŸ ∑§Ê ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ŒÃ „È∞
√ÿÊÅÿÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

-o0o-

62/SS/O-333-A ] 8 [ Contd...