NIOS Class 12 Question Paper 2021 (Oct) Introdoction to Law

This Question Paper consists of 33 questions [Section-A (21) + Section-B (6+6)] and 6 printed pages.
ß‚ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ◊¥ 33 ¬˝‡Ÿ [πá«U “•” (21) + πá«U “’” (6+6) ] ÃÕÊ 6 ◊ÈÁŒ˝Ã ¬Îc∆UU „¥Ò –
Roll No. Code No.
•ŸÈ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ ∑§Ê«U Ÿ¥. 62/SS/N
INTRODUCTION TO LAW
∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∞∑§ ¬Á⁄Uøÿ
(338)
Set/‚≈U A
Day and Date of Examination
¬⁄UˡÊÊ ∑§Ê ÁŒŸ fl ÁŒŸÊ¥∑§
Signature of Invigilators 1.
ÁŸ⁄UˡÊ∑§Ê¥ ∑§ „SÃÊˇÊ⁄U
2.

General Instructions :
1. Candidate must write his/her Roll Number on the first page of the Question Paper.
2. Please check the Question Paper to verify that the total pages and total number of questions contained in the
Question Paper are the same as those printed on the top of the first page. Also check to see that the questions are
in sequential order.
3. Making any identification mark in the Answer-Book or writing Roll Number anywhere other than the specified
places will lead to disqualification of the candidate.
4. Write your Question Paper Code No. 62/SS/N-A on the Answer-Book.
5. (a) The Question Paper is in English/Hindi medium only. However, if you wish, you can answer in any one
of the languages listed below :
English, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, Oriya, Gujarati,
Konkani, Manipuri, Assamese, Nepali, Kashmiri, Sanskrit and Sindhi. You are required to indicate the
language you have chosen to answer in the box provided in the Answer-Book.
(b) If you choose to write the answer in the language other than Hindi and English, the responsibility for any
errors/mistakes in understanding the question will be yours only.
‚Ê◊Êãÿ •ŸÈŒ‡Ê —
1. ¬⁄UˡÊÊÕ˸ ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§ §¬„‹ ¬Îc∆U ¬⁄U •¬ŸÊ •ŸÈ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ •fl‡ÿU Á‹π¥–
2. ∑Χ¬ÿÊ ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§Ê ¡ÊÚ°ø ‹¥ Á∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§ ∑ȧ‹ ¬Îc∆UÊ¥ ÃÕÊ ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë ©ÃŸË „Ë ‚¥ÅUÿÊ „Ò Á¡ÃŸË ¬˝Õ◊ ¬Îc∆ ∑ §‚’‚ ™§¬⁄U ¿U¬Ë „Ò– ß‚ ’ÊÃ
∑§Ë ¡ÊÚ°ø ÷Ë ∑§⁄U ‹¥ Á∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑˝ Á◊∑§ UM§¬ ◊¥ „Ò¥–
3. § ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSUÃ∑§Ê ◊¥ ¬„øÊŸ-Áøq ’ŸÊŸ •ÕflÊ ÁŸÁŒ¸c≈U SÕÊŸÊ¥ ∑§§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà ∑§„Ë¥ ÷Ë •ŸÈ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ Á‹πŸ ¬⁄U ¬⁄UˡÊÊÕ˸ ∑§Ê •ÿÊÇÿ ∆U„⁄UÊÿÊ
¡ÊÿªÊ–
4. •¬ŸË ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSUÃ∑§Ê ¬⁄U ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§Ë ∑§Ê«U ‚¥ÅÿÊ 62/SS/N-A Á‹π¥–
5. (∑§) ¬˝‡Ÿ¬òÊ ∑§fl‹ Á„¥ŒË/•¥ª˝¡Ë ◊¥ „Ò– Á»§⁄U ÷Ë, ÿÁŒ •Ê¬ øÊ„¥ ÃÊ ŸËø ŒË ªß¸ Á∑§‚Ë ∞∑§ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄ Œ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥ —
•¥ª˝¡Ë, Á„¥ŒË, ©ŒÍ¸, ¬¥¡Ê’Ë, ’°ª‹Ê, ÃÁ◊‹, ◊‹ÿÊ‹◊, ∑§ãŸ«∏, Ã‹ÈªÈ, ◊⁄UÊ∆UË, ©Á«∏ÿÊ, ªÈ¡⁄UÊÃË, ∑§Ê¥∑§áÊË, ◊ÁáʬÈ⁄UË, •‚Á◊ÿÊ,
Ÿ¬Ê‹Ë, ∑§‡◊Ë⁄UË, ‚¥S∑Χç•ÊÒ⁄U Á‚¥œË–
∑Χ¬ÿÊ ©ûÊ⁄U-¬ÈÁSÃ∑§Ê ◊¥ ÁŒ∞ ª∞ ’ÊÚÄ‚ ◊¥ Á‹π¥ Á∑§ •Ê¬ Á∑§‚ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄U Á‹π ⁄U„ „Ò¥– §
(π) ÿÁŒ •Ê¬ Á„¥ŒË ∞fl¥ •¥ª˝¡Ë ∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà Á∑§‚Ë •ãÿ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ©ûÊ⁄U Á‹πÃ „Ò¥ ÃÊ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§Ê ‚◊¤ÊŸ ◊¥ „ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë
òÊÈÁ≈UÿÊ¥/ª‹ÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë Á¡ê◊UŒÊ⁄Ë ∑ fl‹ •Ê¬∑§Ë „ÊªË–

62/SS/N-338-A ] 1 [ Contd...

INTRODUCTION TO LAW
∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∞∑§ ¬Á⁄Uøÿ
(338)

Time : 3 Hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 100
‚◊ÿ — 3 ÉÊá≈U ] [ ¬ÍáÊÊZ∑§ — 100

Note : (i) This Question Paper consists of two Sections, viz., ‘A’ and ‘B’.
(ii) All questions from Section ‘A’ are to be attempted.
(iii) Section ‘B’ has two options. Candidates are required to attempt questions from one
option only.
(iv) Marks for each question are indicated against it.

ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê — (i) ß‚ ¬˝‡Ÿ-¬òÊ ◊¥ ŒÊ πá«U „Ò¥ - πá«U “•” ÃÕÊ πá«U “’”–
(ii) πá«U “•” ∑§ ‚÷Ë ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê „‹ ∑§⁄UŸÊ „Ò–
(iii) πá«U “’” ◊¥ ŒÊ Áfl∑§À¬ „Ò¥– ¬⁄UˡÊÊÁÕ¸ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑§fl‹ ∞∑§ Áfl∑§À¬ ∑§ „Ë ¬˝‡ŸÊ¥ ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄U ŒŸ „Ò¥–
(iv) ¬˝àÿ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§ •¥∑§ ©‚∑§ ‚Ê◊Ÿ •¥Á∑§Ã „Ò¥–

SECTION - A/πá« - •U

1. What is judicial precedent ? 2

ãÿÊÁÿ∑§ Á◊‡ÊÊ‹ ÄÿÊ „Ò?

2. Explain the term ‘Drafting’. 2

“¬˝ÊL§¬áÊ” ‡ÊéŒ ∑§Ê fláʸŸ ∑§⁄¥U–

3. What are the matrimonial customs of the Jews in India ? Give two examples. 2

÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ÿ„ÍÁŒÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÁflflÊ„ ‚¥’¥œË ⁄UËÁÃ-Á⁄UflÊ¡ ÄÿÊ „Ò¥? ∑§Ê߸ ŒÊ ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ŒËÁ¡∞–

62/SS/N-338-A ] 2 [ Contd...

4. Write the full form of ADR. 2

flÒ.Áfl.‚. (ADR) ∑§Ê ¬Í⁄UÊ ŸÊ◊ ’ËÊß∞–

5. Write a short note on Subordinate Legislation. 2

•œËŸSÕ ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë ‚¥ˇÊ¬ ◊¥ √ÿÊÅÿÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

6. Name the highest Criminal court and Civil court in a District. 2

∞∑§ Á¡‹ ◊¥ ‚’‚ ’«∏ •Ê¬⁄UÊÁœ∑§ fl ŒËflÊŸË ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞–

7. Define FIR. 2

∞»§.•Ê߸.•Ê⁄U. (¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§Ë) ∑§Ê ¬Á⁄U÷ÊÁ·Ã ∑§⁄¥U–

8. “The preamble is a part of the Constitution”. Do you agree with this statement ? If yes, cite 2
the relevant case in support of your answer.

“¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ ‚¥ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ê •¥ª „Ò”– ÄÿÊ •Ê¬ ß‚ ∑§ÕŸ ‚ ‚„◊à „Ò¥, ÿÁŒ „Ê° ÃÊ •¬Ÿ ©ûÊ⁄U ∑§ ¬ˇÊ ◊¥ ¬˝Ê‚¥Áª∑§ flÊŒ
ŒËÁ¡∞–

9. Identify the different sources of law. 4

∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§ ÁflÁ÷㟠dÊÃÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¬„øÊŸ ∑§⁄¥U–

10. Define the ‘Principle of Joint Liability’. 4

“‚¥ÿÈÄàÊ ŒÊÁÿàfl ∑§ Á‚hÊãÔ ∑§Ê ¬Á⁄U÷ÊÁ·Ã ∑§⁄¥U–

11. Write about in short any two theories of punishment. 4

Œá«U ∑§ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ŒÊ Á‚hÊãÃÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¥ˇÊ¬ ◊¥ fláʸŸ ∑§⁄UÊ–

12. Which form of ADR was popular and prevalent in ancient India ? List the cases which can 4
be resolved through ADR ?

¬˝ÊøËŸ∑§Ê‹ ◊¥ ∞.«UË.•Ê⁄U. ∑§Ê ∑§ÊÒŸ ‚Ê M§¬ ¬˝øÁ‹Ã ÕÊ? ∞‚ ∑§‚Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ’ŸÊß∞, Á¡ã„¥ ∞.«UË.•Ê⁄.U ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚
„‹ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò?

62/SS/N-338-A ] 3 [ Contd...

13. What is the meaning and Nature of Directive Principles of state policy ? Mention any two 4
Directives (DPSPS).

⁄UÊíÿ ∑§ ŸËÁà ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ Á‚hÊãÃÊ¥ ∑§Ê •Õ¸ ∞fl¥ SflM§¬ ÄÿÊ „Ò? Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ŒÊ ŸËÁà ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ∑§Ê Á‹Áπ∞–

14. Write about Legislative powers of the President. 4

⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ë ÁflœÊÿË ‡ÊÁÄàÊÿÊ¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ Á‹Áπ∞–

15. What are the basic difference between Civil Law and Criminal Law ? 4

Á‚Áfl‹ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ÃÕÊ •Ê¬⁄UÊÁœ∑§ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§ ’Ëø ÄÿÊ ◊ÊÒÁ‹∑§ •ãÃ⁄U „Ò?

16. Discuss the role of judges in shaping law. 6

∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§Ê •Ê∑§Ê⁄U ŒŸ ◊¥ ãÿÊÿʜˇÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê ∑§Ë øøʸ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

17. Discuss the importance of the Preamble to the Constitution as to interpretation of the 6
Constitution.

‚¥ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ ∑§ ◊„àfl ∑§Ë øøʸ ‚¥ÁflœÊŸ ∑§Ë √ÿÊÅÿÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

18. Who appoints the Prime Minister of India ? Write the power and functions of the Prime 6
Minister.

÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ¬˝œÊŸ◊¥òÊË ∑§Ê ∑§ÊÒŸ ÁŸÿÈÄàÊ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „Ò? ¬˝œÊŸ◊¥òÊË ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ fl ‡ÊÁÄàÊÿÊ° Á‹Áπ∞–

19. How does the President of India appoint the judges of the Supreme Court, other than the 6
Chief Justice ?

÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ◊ÈÅÿ ãÿÊÿÊœË‡Ê ∑§ •‹ÊflÊ ‚flÊ¸ìÊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§ •ãÿ ãÿÊÿʜˇÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑Ò§‚ ÁŸÿÈÄàÊ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „Ò?

20. What is ‘Bias’ ? Define pecuniary bias and subject matter bias. 6

¬Íflʸª˝„ ÄÿÊ „Ò? œŸ‚¥’¥œË ¬Íflʸª˝„ ÃÕÊ Áfl·ÿ-flSÃÈ ¬Íflʸª˝„ ∑§Ë √ÿÊÅÿÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

21. What are the conditions of marriage under Hindu Law ? Is child marriage void ? 6

Á„ãŒÍ ÁflflÊ„ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÃZ ÄÿÊ „Ò¥? ÄÿÊ ’Ê‹ ÁflflÊ„ ‡ÊÍãÿ „ÊÃÊ „Ò?

62/SS/N-338-A ] 4 [ Contd...

SECTION - B/πá« - ’

OPTION - I/Áfl∑§À¬ - I

(Environmental Law and Sustainable Development)

(¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ •ÊÒ⁄U œÊ⁄UáÊËÿ Áfl∑§Ê‚)

22. Define the term Environment. 2

¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ‡ÊéŒ ∑§Ë √ÿÊÅÿÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

23. What are the components of ‘Sustainable Development’ ? 2

œÊ⁄UáÊËÿ Áfl∑§Ê‚ ∑§ ÉÊ≈U∑§ ∑§ÊÒŸ ‚ „Ò¥?

24. How a ‘Hazardous waste’ may impact us ? 2

πÃ⁄UŸÊ∑§ •¬Á‡Êc≈U ¬ŒÊÕ¸ „◊¥ ∑Ò§‚ ¬˝÷ÊÁflà ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥?

25. What does the term ‘Right Based Approach’ mean ? 4

“•Áœ∑§Ê⁄U •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ¬Á⁄UŒÎ‡ÿ” ‚ •Ê¬ ÄÿÊ ‚◊¤ÊÃ „Ò¥?

26. Define the ‘Public Trust Doctrine Principle’. 4

‹Ê∑§ ãÿÊ‚ Á‚hÊãà ∑§Ë √ÿÊÅÿÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

27. What is the Role of courts in protection of the Environment ? Write it with example of atleast 6
3 case laws.

¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ◊¥ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë ÄÿÊ ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê „Ò ∑§◊-‚ ∑§◊ ÃËŸ flʌʥ/◊È∑§Œ◊Ê¥ ∑§Ê ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë ‚„ÊÿÃÊ ‚ Á‹π–

62/SS/N-338-A ] 5 [ Contd...

OPTION - II/Áfl∑§À¬ - II

(Consumer Protection and Right to Information)

(©¬÷ÊÄàÊÊ ‚È⁄UˇÊÊ ‚¥’¥ÁœÃ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚ÍøŸÊ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U)

22. Name any two Rights of consumer under the Consumer Protection Act (C.P.A.) 1986. 2

©¬÷ÊÄàÊÊ ‚È⁄UˇÊÊ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, 1986 ∑§ •ãê¸Ã ©¬÷ÊÄàÊÊ ∑§ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ŒÊ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©À‹π ∑§⁄¥U–

23. What is ‘Monopoly’ ? Give one example. 2

∞∑§ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U ‚ ÄÿÊ •Á÷¬˝Êÿ „Ò? ∑§Ê߸ ∞∑§ ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ŒËÁ¡∞–

24. Define a ‘Consumer Court’. 2

“©¬÷ÊÄàÊÊ •ŒÊ‹Ã” (ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ) ∑§Ê ¬Á⁄U÷ÊÁ·Ã ∑§⁄¥U–

25. Describe any four rights of the consumers. 4

©¬÷ÊÄàÊÊ ∑§ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ øÊ⁄U •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê fláʸŸ ∑§⁄UÊ–

26. Write about abuse of dominant position. 4

∞∑§ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ŒÈL§¬ÿÊª ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ Á‹π¥–

27. Explain the goals, objectives and tactics of consumer movement in India. 6

÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ©¬÷ÊÄàÊÊ •ÊãŒÊ‹Ÿ ∑§ ‹ˇÿ, ©g‡ÿ fl ÿÈÁÄàÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë √ÿÊÅÿÊ ∑§⁄¥U–

-o0o-

62/SS/N-338-A ] 6 [ Contd...