NCERT Class 11 Syllabus for Geography

A. Fundamentals of Physical Geography XI CLASS XI (Periods 88) Unit I: Geography as a Discipline (Periods 6) • Geography as an integrating discipline, as a science of spatial attributes; • Branches of geography; importance of physical geography Unit II: The Earth (Periods 12) • Origin and evolution of the earth; Interior of the earth; Wegener’s continental drift theory and plate tectonics; Earthquakes and volcanoes; Unit III: Landforms (Periods 20) • Rocks and minerals – major types of rocks and their characteristics; • Landforms and their evolution • Geomorphic processes – weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition; soils – formation Unit IV: Climate (Periods 30) 103 • Atmosphere – compositions and structure; elements of weather and climate; Syllabus • Insolation – angle of incidence and distribution; heat budget of the earth – heating and cooling of for atmosphere(conduction, convection, terrestrial radiation, advection); temperature – factors controlling Secondary and temperature; distribution of temperature – horizontal and vertical; inversion of temperature; Higher • Pressure – pressure belts; winds – planetary seasonal and local, air masses and fronts; tropical Secondary and extra tropical cyclones; Levels • Precipitation – evaporation; condensation – dew, frost, fog, mist and cloud; rainfall – types and world distribution; • World climates – classification (Koeppen), greenhouse effect, global warming and climatic changes. Unit V: Water (Oceans) (Periods 12) • Hydrological Cycle; • Oceans — submarine relief; distribution of temperature and salinity; movements of ocean water–waves, tides and currents. Unit VI: Life on the Earth (Periods 8) • Biosphere – importance of plants and other organisms; biodiversity and conservation; ecosystems, bio-geo chemical cycle, and ecological balance. B. India – Physical Environment (Periods 78) Unit I: Introduction (Periods 6) • Location – space relations and India’s place in the world.