Goa Board Class 12 Sample Paper 2024 Geology

Sample Paper
&
Question Paper Pattern
2023
2024

GOA BOARD

GOA BOARD OF SECONDARY AND HIGHER SECONDARY
EDUCATION
GEOLOGY SYLLABUS STD XI
FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024 ONWARDS
Objectives
The students should be able to:-
a) Understand the basic concept of Geology
b) Understand the nature of the planet Earth.
c) Become acquainted with the fundamentals of mineralogy, petrology, structural, Geology,
Economic Geology and stratigraphy
d) Develop an interest in and enthusiasm for observing nature and its process at work.
e) Develop an awareness of problems of environment and identify measures to overcome them.
f) f)Understand and interpret geological information presented in verbal, cartographical, or
illustrative form and translate such information one form to another.
g) Develop an ability to use and interpret to graphical and geological maps’
h) Understand the contemporary nature of Geology
i) Link Geology with different areas of national development.

Geology syllabus for STD XIth science

UNIT 1 EARTH (periods) –20

1) Introduction to the science of Geology
Definition, Importance and various branches of Geology. Relation to other sciences,
Interdisciplinary nature of the subject.
2) Earth as planet
Important parts of earth--- Atmosphere, Lithosphere and Hydrosphere. Age of the earth----
Brief mention of method, Origin of earth—theories of origin of earth, nebular hypothesis,
Tidal hypothesis and gas dust hypothesis. Evolution of continents and oceans.
3) Internal structure of earth
Description of crust, mantle, and core with respect to their chemical composition, rock types,
depth and thickness, brief mention of direct and indirect evidence.

UNIT IIEXTERNAL PROCESS AFFECTING THE EARTH’S CRUST (PERIODS) – 49
1) Weathering and Erosion --- Types of erosion ,revolution and deep physical weathering—Frost
action, Thermal effect, chemical weathering, solution, hydration, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
and leaching carbonation, colloid formation, factors affecting weathering, products of weathering.
2) Soil
Introduction, constitution, physical, attributes soil formation, soil profile, classification as soils-
Geological classification, soil groups of India, soil erosion and its control
3) Geological action of rivers

Introduction ,Terminology ,sources of steam water, Geological work, method of river erosion,
rate of river erosion, Feature of steam erosion--- pot holes, water fall, gorges and river valleys,
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River transportation, River deposition and its features—Alluvial fan, Flood plain, and deltas, ox-
bow lakes. Study of drainage pattern.
4) Geological action of ground water.
Introduction, ground water and man , sources of ground water, hydrological cycle zonal
distribution, Aquifer and their types porosity and permeability, Artisan aquifer .Different rocks as
aquifers, well, springs, and chemical work ,constructive and management of ground water.
5) Geological action of wind
Introduction, wind erosion ---- Deflation, abrasion, attrition, wind, transportation, wind
deposition, and its features.
6) Geological action of Ice-glaciers
Introduction, Glacial morphology, types of glaciers, geological work, Glacial erosion, and its rate.
Features of glacial erosion---striations, glacial trough, hanging valleys, glacial transport,
movement of glaciers, glacial deposits, morphological notes, glaciations in past, ice ages and their
causes.

UNIT –III APPLIED GEOLOGY (periods) 20
1) Mass Movements
Introduction, classification, causes of mass movement, nature of scope ,role of water, composition
of mass, structure types of mass movements- soil creep , soilfluction, mudflows, slides—rocks
slide ,subsidence ,control and monitoring of mass movements
2) Building stones
Study of rocks use as building material w.r.t. strength, durability, color, study of following rocks
as building materials, granite, Basalt ,sandstone ,limestone ,marble.

UNIT IV MINEROLOGY (Periods) 20

1) Introduction to crystallography
Definition of crystal, crystal faces, interfacial angle.
Crystal symmetry—plane, axis, center crystal classes and system. Study of following crystal
system w.r.t. definition, Axial diagram, symmetry of normal class. Example of minerals
crystallizing in a) Cubic b) Tetragonal c)Triagonal e) Orthorhombic f) Monoclinic g) Triclinic
2) Study of physical properties of Minerals
Definition and concept of mineral. Study of following physical properties color, luster streak,
fracture, cleavage, hardness, habit, chemical composition, and sp.gravity
3) Rock forming minerals
Study of following rock forming minerals group a) silica b)Feldspar c) Mica d) Amphibole e)
Olivine f) Pyroxene w.r.t. physical properties, chemical composition and use.

UNIT V PETROLOGY (periods) 33
1) Igneous rocks
Introduction, definition, Magma its generation and composition, volcanic Hypabyssal and
plutonic rocks
Texture – coarse, medium and fine

Structure – flow, pillow, ropy, vesicular, columnar, and amygdaloidal, forms of igneous rocks.
Study of following rocks Granite, Diorite, Syenite, Gabbro, Dunite with their volcanic and glassy
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equivalents.
2) Sedimentary rocks
Introduction, formation, structures
Mechanical ---- Stratification, Lamination, Cross bedding, graded bedding, mud cracks, rain
prints ripple marks w.r.t. their uses.
Chemical --- Pisolitic
Classification based on mode of origin study of following rocks late rite, bauxite, sandstone,
shale, conglomerate, limestone, and breccias.
3) Metamorphic rocks
Introduction, Definition, kinds of metamorphism, Agents of metamorphism, structures of
metamorphic rocks, classification
Study of following rocks: - slate, Phyllite, schist’s, gneiss, marble and quartzite.

UNIT VI MAPS (periods) 10

1) Map reading
Definition of map, introduction to various elements of map, scale and their types, types of maps,
contour and their use.
2) Bearings
Definition, fore, and back bearing, types of bearing, whole circle Quadrantal, conversions of
bearings
3) Slope analysis
Definition, types of slopes- concave, convex, and uniform .calculation of slope using geometric
methods and expressing it as gradient, degrees etc.

PRACTICAL COURSEFOR XI SCIENCE

1) Description and Identification of crystal modals with respect to axis, plane and center of
symmetry.
Isomeric system, Tetragonal system, Hexagonal system, Triagonal system, orthorhombic system,
monoclinic system, and triclinic system.

2) Description and Identification of Rock Forming mineral w.r.t to their physical properties.
Crystalline verities quartz (min four), crypto-crystalline verities of quartz (min
four),orthocline,microcline,Hornblende,Actinolite,tremolite,asbestos,Biotite,Muscovite,olivine,ca
lcite,netrolite,stilbite.

3) Description and Identification of rocks
Igneous rocks----- Granite, Rhyolite, Gabbro, Dolerite, Basalt, Diorite, Syenite, Trachyte,
Sedimentary rocks- Breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, limestone, coal, shelf limestone, laterite,
bauxite.
Metamorphic rocks---- marble, quartzite slate, Phyllite, mica schist hornblende schist gneiss.

4) Map work
Orientation of map, location of position, determine features bearing and distances determination
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of gradients on contour map.

5) Study of contour maps with profile sections
Identification of following relief features
1) (Symmetrical and asymmetrical)
2) Valley (u and v shaped)
3) Ridge
4) Plateau
5) Basin
6) Spur

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PATTERN AND DESIGN OF THEORY QUESTION PAPERS (2023-2024)
CLASS XI SCIENCE
MID TERM 1st Terminal 2nd Terminal
TIME IN TWO& HALF INNOVATIVE TWO& HALF
60/ONE HOUR
MINS/HRS HOUR TEST HOUR
20 20
MAX MARKS 20(THEORY) 60(THEORY) 20 60
(PRACTICAL) (PRACTICAL)
NO OF MCQ andsubjective MCQ andsubjective
2 5
QUESTIONS questions questions
KNOWLEDGE:25% KNOWLEDGE:25% KNOWLEDGE:25%
WEIGHTAGE UNDESTANDING UNDESTANDING UNDESTANDING
TO AND SKILL: 50% AND SKILL: 50% AND SKILL: 50%
OBJECTIVE
APPLICATION:25% APPLICATION:25% APPLICATION:25%
1. drawing
of contours
WEIGHTAGE Introduction to 1.Identification and cross
1 earth as a
TO the science to of minerals 1.Igneous rocks(15) section of
CONTENTS planet(15)
geology (2) (10) various
landforms
(8)
2. Study of 2.
2.Introduction to 2. Mineralogy 2.sedimentary
crystal modals identification
crystallography(6) (15) rock(10)
(8) of rocks (10)
3. study of
physical 3. Geological 3.metamorphic Journal &
Viva(2)
properties of action of rivers(5) rocks(10) Viva(2)
minerals(6)
4. Rock forming 4. Geological 4. mass
minerals(6) action of wind (5) movement (10)

5.weathering and 5.builiding stone
erosion (5) (5)

6. Geological 7.Map reading,
action of glacier’s Bearings & slope
(5) analyses(5)
8. Geological
7. soil (5) action of ground
water (5)
Total marks
Total marks: 20 Total marks: 60 Total marks: 20 Total marks: 20 Total marks: 60
20

THEORY MARKS:-

Midterm Examination-------------------20 MARKS

1st Terminal------------------60 MARKS (Theory)

2nd Terminal-----------------60 MARKS (Theory)

TOTAL--------------------------140/2=70MARKS
1st Terminal------------------20 MARKS (Practical)
2nd Terminal-----------------20 MARKS (Practical)

INNOVATIVE TEST-----------20 MARKS
TOTAL--------------------------60/2=30MARKS

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GOA BOARD OF SECONDARY AND HIGHER SECONDARY
EDUCATION
Matter pertaining to scheme of evaluation in Geology for STD XII for the academic year
2023-2024 Onwards

Scheme In General
Board Examination- marks-90
Internal Assessment- marks-10
Total-100

Pattern of board examination
(External Component)

Examination Total Typeof Topic/Unit Marks weightage
Marks questions allotted
Final Board 70 M.C.Q. 1.EconomicGeology 12 17%
Examination And 2.StructuralGeology 16 23%
(Theory) Subjective
3.Petrology 12 17%
questions
4.DynamicalGeology 16 23%

5.Stratigraphy 14 20%
paleontology
Practical 20 As per As per the draft 20
coarse the draft circulated
circulate
d
Total 90 90

Pattern of internal Assessment

Test Total Type of questions Topic/Unit
Marks
First test 20 Subjective questions carrying 1,2,3 Economic Geology
and 4 marks
Second test 20 Subjective questions carrying 1,2,3 Structural Geology
and 4 marks Petrology
Third test 20 Different innovative topics related Presentations/
to Geology* creations/other
innovative ideas
Total 60

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60 marks to be calculated out of 10
*
Suggested topics for third test (innovative type)

1. Individual collection of rock samples
2. Individual collection of mineral samples
3. Preparation of mineral map of India
4. Preparation of Geological models/ chart of India
5. Collection of different type of soil samples
6. Individual Collection of photographs of Geological features.

Note:
The teacher is free to suggest innovative ideas to students or is free to accept ideas
suggested by students other than those mentioned above.

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER 2023-2024 ONWARDS
TIME: 2 ½ HOURS GEOLOGY
Total No. of Questions: 35 Max. Marks: 70

INSTRUCTIONS:

(i) All questions are compulsory.

(ii) Draw neat labeled diagram wherever necessary.

(iii) Answer each question on afresh page

(iv) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

(v) The question paper consists of FOUR SECTIONS. A,B,C and D

a. Section A has 14 questions 01 mark each

b. Section B has 10 questions 02 mark each

c. Section C has 08 questions 03 mark each

d. Section D has 03 questions 04mark each

(vi) The total number of questions in the paper are 35

(vii) There is no overall choice, however an intern-al choice is provided in one question of

SECTION C and two questions of SECTION D

(viii) Select the proper alternative for multiple choice type questions and write the

completed statement. Multiple choice type questions should be attempted only once

(ix) Answer to the questions carrying 1, 2, 3, and 4 marks should be written in1 to 10,

50,80 and 120 words.

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Section A
1 ‘Oceanic Trench’ is a feature related to …………………. 1
(a) Transform Faults
(b) Subduction Zone
(c) Mid Oceanic Ridge
(d) Constructive Plate Margins
2 The mineral least likely to occur as ‘Placer Deposit’ is ______________. 1

(a) Magnetite
(b) Diamond
(c) Chromite
(d) Galena

3 The fold with inclined ‘Axial plane ’is ______________. 1

(a) Recumbent fold
(b) Symmetrical Syncline
(c) Symmetrical anticline
(d) Overturned Fold
4 If the rocks of ‘Mesozoic Era’ are found rusting over rocks of ‘Paleozoic 1
Era’ the geological feature could be ______________.

(a) Reverse Faults
(b) Thrust Faults
(c) Normal Stratigraphic Sequence
(d) Overturned Fold

5 The pair of rock not related from the following is ______________. 1

(a) Gabbro-Dolerite
(b) Diorite-Andesite
(c) Granite- Rhyolite
(d) Syenite- Basalt

6 Deposits of coal are confirmed to ______________. 1

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(a) Magnetite
(b) Chromite
(c) Calcite
(d) Chalcopyrite

7 If the strata of the joint is parallel to dip of the bed, it will be termed as 1
______________.

(a) Master Joint
(b) Strike Joint
(c) Dip Joint
(d) Dip -Strike Joint

8 State the ‘Essential minerals’ in rock ‘Gabbro’. 1
9 What do you understand by the term ‘Hade’ of the fault? 1
10 Name the oldest rock in the Stratigraphic sequence of Goa 1
11 Define ‘Gangue’ in relation to economic geology 1
12 What kinds of mountains are related to “Laccoliths”? 1
13 Name a mechanical rudaceous rock. 1
14 In which rock do we encounter “Gasa Veins”? 1

Section B
15 A seismic recording station located at 1500 from the epicenter, only 2
records P waves. Explain
16 Explain the concepts ‘Throw’ and ‘Heave’ in structural geology? 2
17 Illustrate and explain the concept of ‘Apparent Dip’? 2
18 ‘Quartz’ and ‘Orthoclase’ are often found together in igneous rocks. 2
Explain
19 Differentiate between ‘Sandstone’ and ‘Shell limestone’ 2

20 Write the metamorphic products of the following 2

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(i) Shale
(ii) Limestone
21 State the classification of ‘Cuddapah’ supergroup 2
OR
State the classification of ‘Vindhyan supergroup’. 2
22 Differentiate between an Anticline and a Syncline 2
23 What do you understand by the following terms with reference to crude 2
oil?
(i) Source rocks
(ii) Cap rock
24 Explain deposits of ‘Early magmatic segregation’ 2

Section C
25 Write a brief note on the distribution of ‘Evaporite’ deposits of India 3
26 Explain various time units with reference to standard geological time 3
scale.
27 Draw and explain types of volcanic cones. 3
28 Illustrate and explain ‘Slaty Cleavage’ and ‘Gneissosity’ with reference to 3
metamorphic rocks
29 Study the following diagram, identify the type of unconformity and 3
explain its evolution

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30 How are coal deposits classified? 3
31 Write a brief note on various ‘Pyroclastic’ products of volcanoes. 3
OR
List out various effects of an earthquake.
32 What is an ‘Index Fossil’? Illustrate its use in stratigraphy. 3

Section D
33 Explain the procedure to determine the’ Epicenter’ of an earthquake. 4
OR
Explain the concept of ‘Seismic discontinuity’ with examples
34 Describe the stratigraphy of ‘Goa Group’ 4
OR
Describe the various modes of preservation of fossils 4
35 Draw and explain various elements of ‘Fold’ 4

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The weightage or the distribution of marks over different dimensions of the
question paper shall be as follows:

1. WEIGHTAGE TO LEARNING OUTCOMES:

SR.NO. LEARNING MARKS PERCENTAGE OF
OUTCOMES MARKS
1. KNOWLEDGE 21 30
2. UNDERSTANDING 28 40
3. APPLICATION 14 20
4. SKILL 07 10
T0TAL 70 100

2. WEIGHTAGE TO CONTENT/SUBJECT UNITS:

SR. Units Marks
No.
1. Economic Geology 12
2. Structural Geology 16
3. Petrology 12
4. Dynamical Geology 16
5. Stratigraphy 14
Paleontology
TOTAL 70

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3. WEIGHTAGE TO FORMS OF QUESTIONS:

SR.NO Form of Questions Marks for Number Total
each of Marks
question questions
1. Long Answer Type (LA) 04 03 12
2. Short Answer Type (SA-I) 02 10 20
3. Short Answer Type (SA-II) 03 08 24
4. Very Short Answer 01 07 07
Type(VSA)
5 Multiple choice question 01 07 07
Total 35 70

The expected time for different types of question would be as follows:

SR.N Form of Approx. time Number of Approx. time for
O. Questions for each questions each form of
Question in (n) Questions in mins
mins (t) (n x t)
1. Long Answer 12 03 12x03= 36
Type (LA) (04)
2. Short Answer 03 10 03x10=30
Type (SA-I) (02)
3. Short Answer 07 08 07x08=56
Type (SA-II) (03)
4. Very Short 02 14 02x14=28
Answer type
(VSA) (01)
Total 35 150Minutes

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GOA BOARD OF SECONDARY AND HIGHER SECONDARY
EDUCATION
Matter pertaining to scheme of evaluation in Geology for STD XII (Practical) for the
academic year 2023-2024

Sr. Syllabus Total Marks
No
1 Description and identification of 4
Economic Minerals
2 Description and identification of 4
rocks
3 Description and identification of 4
Structural Geology models
4 Study of Geological Maps 4

5 Study of Survey of India 2
Topographic maps
6 Journal and Viva 2
20

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GOA BOARD OF SECONDARY AND HIGHER SECONDARY
EDUCATION GEOLOGY SYLLABUS STD XII
Unit Contents/sub topics Period
I Dynamical Geology
Earthquakes- introduction, Focus Epicentre ,seismic waves ,P.S.L
waves, magnitude ,brief mention of Richter scale ,Intensity
1 , Isoseismic, causes of earthquakes ,Elastic Rebound theory 8
,location of Epicenter of earthquakes, global distribution of
Earthquakes ,risk zones map of India.

Internal structure of the earth- Introduction seismological
evidence ,behaviour of body waves ,shadow zone ,discontinuities,
2 internal structure of the earth as continental crust, oceanic crust, 3
upper mental ,lower mental ,outer core ,inner core with respect to
their composition thickness and depth.

Volcanoes- Definition causes of volcanism ,classification based
on continuity of eruption, types of eruptions, types of volcanic
3 5
cones, products of volcanoes ,Deccan trap of volcanism, post of
volcanic phenomena hot spring geysers etc.

Mountains –Introduction, classification, as tectonic mountains,
volcanic mountains, dome mountains, fold mountains, block
4 4
mountains, non-tectonic residual mountains with their mode of
origin, and examples.
Plate Tectonics and mountain building- Introduction,
divergent, convergent. And strike slip boundaries convergent
5 4
boundaries-ocean-ocean, ocean-continent and continent-continent
interactions with diagrams. Himalayan orogeny, sea of Tethys.

16

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II Structural Geology
Strike And Dip-Introduction to basic terms outcrop, bedding, dip,
1 and strike, dip amount, dip direction, apparent and true dip, 2
clinometer compass its use.

Folds-Introduction, definition, parts of folds into axis, axial plane,
width, height and plunge, study of following types of folds- Anticline
2 6
,syncline ,overturned, isoclinal. Recumbent, fan and monocline,
importance study of folds

Faults-Introduction ,definition, elements of faults, faults plane,
hanging wall and foot wall throw and heave ,Genetic classification
3 6
of faults, Geometrical classification of fault ,thrust fault, block fault
,step fault ,importance of studying fault.

Joint – Definition ,terms such as master joint, joint system,
4 geometric classification, strike joint, dip joint, oblique joint bedding 3
joint, genetic classification i.e. tension and shear joints.

Unconformities-Definition ,concept, stages of development of a)
5 angular unconformity b) Non conformity c) disconformity , various 4
possible fields situations .

21
III Petrology -

Igneous Rocks – Introduction, Textures- degree of crystallization,
granularity, shape of the crystals, equigranular and inequigranular
texture, porphyritic and Poikilitic textures, directive and intergrowth
1 textures. Classification chemical- based on silica percentage and 7
silica saturation mineralogical classification formation of igneous
rocks, Bowen’s reaction series factors governing crystallization,

broad tabular classification.

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Sedimentary Rocks- Introduction, environment of formation,
2 textures of sedimentary rocks, classification based on origin and 4
grain size.

Metamorphic Rocks- Introduction, kinds and agents of
metamorphism, progressive metamorphism of shale, metamorphic
3 scale, metamorphic grades, metamorphic zone, study of 4
metamorphic fabric such as salty phyllitic schistose and gneissose
rocks

15

IV Paleontology and stratigraphy

Fossils-Introduction, concepts and various modes of preservation
of fossils ,importance of fossils ,uses of fossils in palaeo-geography
1 4
palaeo climate and palaeo tectonics ,concept of index fossils and
its use in stratigraphy
Stratigraphy- Introduction ,principal of stratigraphy such as
inclusions, intrusion and uniformitarianism and their applications,
2 stratigraphic correlation- introduction, elements of correlation such 7
as time unit, time stratigraphic units and litho-stratigraphic units
Methods of co relation and radioactive methods.
Standard Geological Time scale-study of geological time scale
with respect to various evolutionary changes and time spans of
3 3
various time units’ study of Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic
Era.

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Brief outline of stratigraphy of peninsular India-
physiographic divisions of India. Study of following Supergroups’
with respect to their distribution, classification (upto group level)
4 6
lithology and economic importance (a) Dharwar Supergroup (b)
Cuddappah Supergroup (C) Vindhayan Supergroup (d) Gondawana
Supergroup (e) Deccan Traps .Brief outline of stratigraphy of Goa.

20

Economic Geology
Introduction- Basic terms such as Ore, Gangue, Ore Minerals
1 2
Beneficiation and Tenor ,cut-off grade
Origin of ore deposits- Syngenetic and epigenetic deposits,
igneous deposits, pegmatite deposits, Hydrothermal deposits,
2 10
Metasomatic deposits, sedimentary deposits, Metamorphic
deposits.
Petroleum- Definition, chemical composition origin, organic
theory, accumulation and Indian distribution. Coal-Introduction,
3 4
classification as peat, lignite, bituminous and Anthracite, formation
of coal, Indian distribution.

Distribution of economic minerals in India - Metallic
Minerals (a) Aluminium Ore (b) Copper Ore (C) Chromium Ore (d)
4 5
Gold (e) Iron Ore (f) Manganese Ore (g) Lead zinc. Non-metallic
minerals (a) Gypsum (b) Bartye (c) Mica (d) Radioactive minerals

Economic minerals wealth of Goa - Brief outline of Goa
5 mining industry with respect to Iron, Manganese and Aluminium 3
deposits with their distribution.

24
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GEOLOGY PRACTICAL COURSE FOR STD XII SCIENCE
No .of
Sr.
CONTENTS practical
No
sessions

Description and identification of the following economic minerals
with respect to physical properties, chemical composition,
occurrence and use.

Metallic Mineral:
Iron Ore :- Hematite, Magnetite, Pyrite, Limonite
Manganese Ores :-Pyrolusite , psilomelane
1 Copper Ore:- Chalcopyrite 4
Lead Ore :- Galena
Chromium Ore :- Chromite
Aluminium Ore :- Bauxite
Non Metallic Minerals :-
Gypsum , Graphite, Barite, Asbestos Biotite, Muscovite, Talc
Amethyst, Kyanite, calcite

Description and identification of the following rock types.

Igneous Rocks:-Pegmatite, granite, Rhyolite, Syenite, Trachyte,
Micro Granite, diorite, Gabbro Basalt, Pyroxenite, Dolerite along

2 with Porphyritic varieties. 3
Sedimentary rocks :-Breccia, Conglomerate, Sandstone, Shale,
Limestone, Coal, Bauxite, Laterite
Metamorphic rocks: - Slate, Phyllite, Schist (at least three verities),
Gneiss Marble, Quartzite.
Study of Structural geological Models :-
Strike and dip:-
3 4
Folds:-Anticline Syncline (symmetrical and asymmetrical),

Isoclinals, Fan, Recumbent, Monocline.
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Faults: - Normal Fault, Reserve fault, Step fault, and Block Fault.

Unconformities :-Angular, Disconformities, and non-conformity

Study of Geological maps with cross sections having horizontal
4 3
sequence and vertical instructions (at least six maps)

Study of survey of India topographic maps with respect to marginal
5 2
information, relief, drainage and vegetation [at least 5 maps]

16

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