HBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025 Biology

Haryana Board
Syllabus
2024-25

BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION HARYANA

Syllabus and Chapter wise division of Marks (2024-25)

Class-XII Subject- Biology Code: 865

General Instructions:
1. There will be an Annual Examination based on the entire syllabus.
2. The annual examination (Theory) will be of 70 Marks whereas Practical
examination will be of 30 marks (15 marks each for external and internal
examination). Therefore, Total annual evaluation (70+30) will be of 100
marks.
3. For Practical examination the criteria is as follows:

Total Time: 3 Hours

PRACTICALS
Total Time: 3 Hours Total marks: 30
Evaluation Scheme Marks
Marks allocated for Internal Assessment 15
1. Student Assessment Test 10
Weightage of marks (04 marks of SAT, 02 marks of half
yearly test, 02 marks for preboard, 02 marks for
attendance and classroom participation)
2. Practical file/ Record 03
3. Project Record 02

Marks allocated for External Examination 15
Experiments (two) 09
(4.5 marks
for each
experiment)
Activity (One from Syllabus) 03
Viva Voce (Based on Experiments and Activity) 03
Total marks 30

1

Course Structure (2024-25)
Class-XII Subject- Biology Code: 865

Sr. Unit Chapter
No Marks

VI Reproduction Sexual Reproduction in 16
Flowering Plants

Human Reproduction
Reproductive Health
VII Genetics and Evolution Principles of Inheritance and 20
Variation

Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Evolution
Biology in Human Human Health and Diseases 12
VIII Welfare
Microbes in Human Welfare
IX Biotechnology Biotechnology: Principles and 12
Processes

Biotechnology and its
Applications
X Ecology Organism and Populations 10
Ecosystem
Biodiversity and its Conservation
Total 70
Practical 30
Grand Total 100

2

Unit -VI: Reproduction

Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants:
Flower- A Fascinating organ of Angiosperms, Pre-fertilization:
structure and events: Stamen, microsporangium, and Pollen grain, The
Pistil, Megasporangium and Embryo sac, Pollination, Double
fertilization; post fertilisation: structure and events, Endosperm,
Embryo, Seed, Apomixis and Polyembryony.

Chapter 2: Human Reproduction
The Male Reproductive System, The Female Reproductive System,
Gametogenesis, Menstrual Cycle, Fertilization and Implantation,
Pregnancy and Embryonic Development, Parturition and Lactation.

Chapter 3: Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health: Problems and Strategies, Population
Stabilisation and Birth Control, Medical termination of Pregnancy;
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Infertility.

Unit VII: Genetics and Evolution

Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance, Inheritance of One Gene, Law of
Dominance, Law of Segregation, Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance,
Inheritance Of Two Genes, Law of Independent Assortment,
Chromosomal theory of Inheritance, Linkage and Recombination,
Polygenic Inheritance, Pleiotropy, Sex Determination: Sex
determination in Human, Honey bee, Mutation, Genetic Disorders:
Pedigree Analysis, Mendelian Disorders, Chromosomal Disorders.

Chapter 5: Molecular basis of Inheritance

THE DNA: Structure of Polynucleotide chain, Packaging of DNA Helix,
The Search For Genetic Material, The Genetic Material is DNA,

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Properties of Genetic Material (DNA versus RNA), RNA World,
Replication, The experimental proof, The Machinery and the Enzymes,
Transcription: Transcription Unit, Transcription Unit and the Gene,
Types of RNA and the Process of Transcription, Genetic Code: Mutations
and Genetic Code, t-RNA-the adapter Molecule, Translation, Regulation
of Gene Expression, the Lac Operon, Human Genome Project, Salient
features of Human Genome, Applications and Future Challenges, DNA
Fingerprinting.

Chapter 6: Evolution

Origin of Life, Evolution of Life Forms-A Theory, What are the
evidences for Evolution? What is Adaptive radiation? Biological
Evolution, Mechanism of Evolution, Hardy-Weinberg Principle, A
Brief Account of Evolution, Origin and Evolution of Man.

UNIT VIII: BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE

Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease

Common Diseases in Humans, Immunity, Innate Immunity, Acquired
Immunity, Active and passive Immunity, Vaccination and Immunisation,
Autoimmunity, Immune System in the Body, AIDS, Cancer, Drugs and
Alcohol Abuse, Adolescence and Drug/Alcohol Abuse, Addiction and
Dependence, Effects of Drug/Alcohol Abuse, Prevention and Control.

Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Industrial Products,
Fermented Beverages, Antibiotics, Chemicals, Enzymes and other
Bioactive Molecules, Microbes in Sewage treatment, Microbes in
Production of Biogas, Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, Microbes as
Biofertilizers.

4

Unit IX: Biotechnology

Chapter 9: Biotechnology-Principles and Processes

Principles of Biotechnology, Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology,
Restriction Enzymes, Cloning Vectors, Competent Host (For
Transformation with Recombinant DNA), Processes of Recombinant
DNA Technology, Isolation of Genetic Material (DNA), Cutting of DNA
at Specific Locations, Amplification of Gene of Interest using PCR,
Insertion of Recombinant DNA into Host cell/Organism, Obtaining the
foreign Gene product, Downstream Processing.

Chapter 10: Biotechnology and It’s Applications

Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture, Biotechnological
Applications in Medicine, Genetically Engineered Insulin, Gene therapy,
Molecular Diagnosis, Transgenic animals, Ethical Issues.

Unit X: Ecology

Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations

Populations, Population Attributes, Population Growth, Life History
Variation, Population Interactions.

Chapter 12: Ecosystem:

Ecosystem-Structure and function, Productivity, Decomposition,
Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids.

Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity, how many species are there on earth and how many in India?
Patterns of Biodiversity, The Importance of Species Diversity to the
Ecosystem, Loss of Biodiversity, Biodiversity Conservation- Why should
we conserve Biodiversity? How do we conserve Biodiversity?

5

Practicals:

1. Study the reproductive parts of commonly available flowers.
2. Study pollen tube growth on stigma.
3. Study the discrete stages of gametogenesis in mammalian testis and ovary.
4. Study of stages of meiosis using permanent slides.
5. Study the blastula stage of embryonic development in mammals.
6. Verify the Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment.
7. Preparation and analysis of Pedigree Charts.
8. Staining of nucleic acid by acetocarmine.
9. Study of homologous and analogous organs in plants and animals.
10. Identify common disease-causing organisms and the symptoms of the
diseases.
11. Study plant population density by quadrat method.
12. Study plant population frequency by quadrat method.

6

Month wise Syllabus Teaching Plan (2024-25)

Class-XII Subject- Biology Code: 865
Month Chapter No./ Subject Teaching Revision Practical
content Periods Periods Periods

April Chapter-1: Sexual
Reproduction in Flowering 18 04
Plants

Practical: Study the
reproductive parts of 03
commonly available
flowers.

Practical: Study pollen 03
tube growth on stigma.

May Chapter-2: Human 14 02
Reproduction

Practical: Study the discrete
02
stages of gametogenesis in
mammalian testis and
ovary.

Practical: Study of stages 02
of meiosis using permanent
slides.

Practical: Study the blastula
stage of embryonic 01
development in mammals.

Chapter-3: Reproductive
Health 06 01

7

June Summer Vacations: Investigatory Project in Biology

July Chapter-4: Principles of 20 04
Inheritance and Variation

Practical: Verify the 02
Mendel’s Law of
Independent Assortment.

Practical: Preparation and 04
analysis of Pedigree Charts.

August Chapter-5: Molecular Basis 20 04
of Inheritance

Practical: Staining of
nucleic acid by 02
acetocarmine.

Chapter-6: Evolution 10 02

Practical: Study of
homologous and analogous 02
organs in plants and
animals.

September Chapter-7: Human health 10 02
and Diseases

Practical: Identify common 04
disease-causing organisms
and the symptoms of the
diseases.
10
Revision

Half yearly examination

8

October Chapter-8: Microbes in 08 02
Human Welfare

Chapter-9: Biotechnology: 10
Principles and processes 02

06 02
Chapter-10: Biotechnology
and its Applications

November Chapter-11: Organisms and 12 02
Populations

Practical: Study the plant 03
population density by
quadrat method.

Practical: Study the plant
03
population frequency by
quadrat method.

December Chapter-12: Ecosystem 10 02

10 02
Chapter-13: Biodiversity
and Conservation

January Revision 20

March Annual Examinations

9

Note:
• Subject teachers are advised to direct the students to prepare
notebook of the Terminology/ Definitional Words used in the
chapters for enhancement of vocabulary or clarity of concepts.
• The NCERT textbooks present information in boxes across the
book. These help students to get conceptual clarity. However, the
information in these boxes would not be assessed in the year end
examination.

Prescribed Books:
1. Biology Class-XII, BSEH Publications © NCERT
2. Laboratory Manual: Biology, Class XII, NCERT Publications
3. Exemplar Problems, Class XII, NCERT Publications

10

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN (2024-25)
Class: 12th Subject: Biology Subject Code:865
Time Allowed: 3
Type of Marks Number Description Total Marks
Questions of
Questions
Objective 1 mark 18 09 Multiple 18
Type each Choice
Questions Questions
03 Fill in the
blanks
03 One-word
answers
03 Assertion
Reason type
Questions
Very Short 2 marks 7 Internal 14
Answer each Choice will be
Type given in any 3
Questions questions
Short 3 marks 5 Internal 15
Answer each Choice will be
Type given in any 2
Questions questions
Case Study 4 marks 2 Internal 8
Based each Choice will be
Questions given only in
one part of
both questions
Long 5 marks 3 Internal 15
Answer each Choice will be
Type given in all
Questions questions
TOTAL 35 70

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Haryana Board
Study Material

Syllabus

Model Papers

Previous Year Question Papers

Books

Notes