NIOS Class 12 Question Paper Apr 2019 - Environmental Science

This Question Paper consists of 32 questions [Section-A(22)+Section-B(5+5)] and 8 printed pages.
Bg àíZ-nÌ _| 32 àíZ [IÊS>-A( 22)+ IÊS>-~( 5+ 5) ] VWm 8 ‘w { ÐV n¥ ð > h¢ &

Sl.No.

Roll No.
AZw H « $ _m§ H $
Code No.
H$mo S > Z§ .
58/SS/A
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (Theory)
Set / go Q > A
n¶m©daU {dkmZ ({gÕm§V)
(333)
Day and Date of Examination :
(narjm H$m {XZ d {XZm§ H $)
Signature of Invigilators : 1.
({ZarjH$m| Ho $ hñVmja)
2.
General Instructions :
1. Candidate must write his/her Roll Number on the first page of the Question Paper.
2. Please check the Question Paper to verify that the total pages and total number of questions contained in
the Question Paper are the same as those printed on the top of the first page. Also check to see that the
questions are in sequential order.
3. Making any identification mark in the Answer-Book or writing Roll Number anywhere other than the
specified places will lead to disqualification of the candidate.
4. Write your Question Paper Code No. 58/ SS /A, Set - A on the Answer-Book.
5. (a) The Question paper is in English/Hindi medium only. However, if you wish, you can answer in any
one of the languages listed below :
English, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, Oriya, Gujarati,
Konkani, Manipuri, Assamese, Nepali, Kashmiri, Sanskrit and Sindhi.
You are required to indicate the language you have chosen to answer in the box provided in the
Answer-Book.
(b) If you choose to write the answer in the language other than Hindi and English, the responsibility
for any errors/mistakes in understanding the questions will be yours only.
gm_mÝ` AZw X o e :
1. narjmWu àíZ-nÌ Ho$ nhbo n¥ð> na AnZm AZwH«$‘m§H$ Adí¶ {bI|&
2. H¥$n¶m àíZ-nÌ H$mo Om±M b| {H$ àíZ-nÌ Ho$ Hw$b n¥ð>m| VWm àíZm| H$s CVZr hr g§»¶m h¡ {OVZr àW‘ n¥ð> Ho$ g~go D$na
N>nr h¡& Bg ~mV H$s Om±M ^r H$a b| {H$ àíZ H«${‘H$ ê$n ‘| h¢&
3. CÎma-nwpñVH$m ‘| nhMmZ-{M• ~ZmZo AWdm {Z{X©ï> ñWmZm| Ho$ A{V[aº$ H$ht ^r AZwH«$‘m§H$ {bIZo na narjmWu H$mo A¶mo½¶
R> h am¶m Om¶o J m&
4. AnZr CÎma-nwpñVH$m na àíZ-nÌ H$m H$moS> Z§. 58 / SS /A, goQ> - A {bI|&
5. (H$) àíZ-nÌ Ho$db qhXr/A§JO o« r ‘mܶ‘ ‘| h¡& {’$a ^r, ¶{X Amn Mmh| Vmo ZrMo Xr JB© {H$gr EH$ ^mfm ‘| CÎma Xo gH$Vo h¢ :
A§J«oOr, qhXr, CXÿ©, n§Om~r, ~§Jbm, V{‘b, ‘b¶mb‘, H$ÝZ‹S>, VobwJy, ‘amR>r, C{‹S>¶m, JwOamVr, H$m|H$Ur,
‘{Unwar, Ag{‘¶m, Zonmbr, H$í‘rar, g§ñH¥$V Am¡a qgYr&
H¥$n¶m CÎma-nwpñVH$m ‘| {XE JE ~m°³g ‘| {bI| {H$ Amn {H$g ^mfm ‘| CÎma {bI aho h¢&
(I) ¶{X Amn qhXr Ed§ A§J«oOr Ho$ A{V[a³V {H$gr Aݶ ^mfm ‘| CÎma {bIVo h¢, Vmo àíZm| H$mo g‘PZo ‘| hmoZo dmbr
Ìw{Q>¶m|/Jb{V¶m| H$s {Oå‘oXmar Ho$db AmnH$s hmoJr&

58/SS/A/333-A] G-403 1 *58/SS/A/333-A* [ Contd......

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (Theory)
n¶m©daU {dkmZ ({gÕm§V)
(333)
Time : 3 Hours] [Maximum Marks : 80
g_` : 3 KÊQ>o] [nyUmªH$ : 80
Note : (i) This Question paper consists of two Sections, viz., 'A' and 'B'.
(ii) All the questions of Section 'A' are compulsory.
(iii) Section 'B' has two options. Candidates are required to attempt questions from one option only.
(iv) Marks allotted are indicated against each question.

{ZX} e : (i) Bg àíZ-nÌ ‘| Xmo IÊS> h¢-IÊS> "A' VWm IÊS> "~'&
(ii) IÊS> "A' ‘| {XE JE g^r àíZ A{Zdm¶© h¢&
(iii) IÊS> "~' ‘| Xmo {dH$ën h¢& narjm{W©¶m| H$mo Ho$db EH$ {dH$ën Ho$ hr àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo h¢&
(iv) à˶oH$ àíZ Ho$ gm‘Zo CgHo$ A§H$ {XE JE h¢&

SECTION-A
IÊS-A

1. State any two diseases that you are likely get affected when you live in an air
polluted area. [1]
{H$Ýhr§ Xmo§ amoJmo Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE {OZgo Amn àXÿ{fV dm¶w dmbo joÌ ‘| ahZo na à^m{dV hmo gH$Vo h¡&

2. What are the main factors that determine the different types of forest? [1]
CZ à‘wI H$maH$m| Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE Omo dZm| Ho$ {d{^Þ àH$mam§o H$m {ZYm©aU H$aVo h¡&

3. State one point of difference between migration and emigration. [1]
àdmg Am¡a CËàdmg Ho$ ~rM EH$ A§Va ~VmBE&

4. Mention any four human activities that improve his own quality of life but degrade
the environment. [1]
{H$Ýht Mma ‘mZd {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$s MMm© H$s{OE {OZHo$ H$maU ñd§¶ CgH$m OrdZ - ñVa Vmo ~ohVa hmo OmVm h¡,
bo{H$Z n¶m©daU H$m {ZåZrH$aU hmo OmVm h¡&

58/SS/A/333-A] G-403 2 *58/SS/A/333-A* [ Contd......

5. On visit to your uncle's farm, you feel fresh air, a pond with water, good sun light,
wet soil and notice some earthworms, cow, pest, birds and plants. Classify the
biotic and abiotic components that you observed there. [2]
AnZo MmMm Ho$ µ’$m‘© na nh±wMZo Ho$ níMmV² AmnH$mo VmµOr-ñdÀN> hdm {‘br, nmZr go ^am Vmbm~, Irbr Yyn ^r
{‘br, Z‘ {‘Å>r ^r {XImB© Xr, VWm AmnZo Hw$N> H|$MwE, Jm¶, {O‹S>H$ H$sQ>, njr VWm nm¡Yo ^r XoIo& AmnZo {OZ
MrOm| H$mo ’$m‘© na XoIm CÝh| AO¡d KQ>H$m| VWm O¡d KQ>H$mo§ ‘| dJuH¥$V H$s{OE&

6. What is the role of an ideal pesticide? [2]
EH$ AmXe© {H$Q>Zmer H$r ³¶m ^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡?

7. Explain any four characteristics of rural ecosystems. [2]
J«m{‘U nm[aV§Ìmo H$s {H$Ýht Mma {d{eï>VmAm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$s{OE&

8. Differentiate endangered species from extinct species. [2]
g§H$Q>m‘ÝÌ ñnreOm| Am¡a {dbwá ñnrerOm| ‘| A§Va ~VmBE&

9. What are the sources of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and what are their
effects? [2]
{Zb§{~V H$U nXmW© (SPM) {H$Z ómoVm§o go CËnÞ hmoVm h¡ VWm CgHo$ ³¶m Xþîà‘mU hmoVo h§¡?

10. Rahul and Santosh went to the lake for taking a documentary film, where they saw
floating aquatic plants in many parts of the lake. Rahul wishes to place that aquatic
plant in his aquarium. But Santohosh objects to that. Why did Santhosh object to
Rahul's idea? Explain briefly. [2]
amhþb Ed§ g§Vmof EH$ Prb na JE Vm{H$ dhm± na EH$ d¥V{MÌ V¡¶ma H$a gH|$& dhm± CÝhm|Zo Prb Ho$ AZoH$ ^mJmo§
‘§o {VaVo hþE Obr¶ nm¡Yo XoIo& amhþb CZ nm¡Ym| H$mo AnZr ObOrd embm ‘|o aIZm MmhVm Wm& bo{H$Z g§Vmof Zo Cgo
‘Zm {H$¶m& g§Vmof Zo amhwb H$mo ³¶m§o ‘Zm {H$¶m? g§jon ‘| ~VmBE&

11. Why was the Silent Valley Project in the Western Ghats abandoned? [2]
npíM‘r KmQ> H$s gmBb|Q> dobr n[a¶moOZm H$mo ³¶m| g‘má H$a {X¶m J¶m?

58/SS/A/333-A] G-403 3 *58/SS/A/333-A* [ Contd......

12. Expand MOEF. State the main functions of it? [2]
MOEF H$mo A§J«oOr ‘| {dñV¥V ê$n go {b{IE? BgHo$ à‘wI H$m¶© ~VmBE&

13. Justify the merits and demerits of building the dam across to river a save a village
from floods. [4]
EH$ ZXr Ho$ Ama-nma EH$ ~m±Y ~ZmZo Ho$ bm^m| VWm hm{Z¶m| H$s VH©$g§JVVm ~VmBE&

14. The life style in a village and a city is quite different from each other comment.[4]
Jm±d H$s Am¡a eha H$s OrdZ-M¶m© EH$-Xÿgao go àm¶: {‘b hmoVr h¡& MMm© H$s{OE&

15. a) What is meant by Desert and desertification?
b) What are the principal causes of desertification?
c) How does canal-based irrigation contribute to desertification?
A) ‘ê$ñWb Am¡a ‘ê$ñWbr ^dZ H$m ³¶m AW© h¡? [4]
~) ‘ê$ñWbr ^dZ Ho$ à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?
g) Zha-AmYm[aV qgMmB© go ‘ê$ñWbr^dZ {H$g àH$ma hmo OmVm h¡?

16. a) What is a hotspot?
b) Name the two hotspots in India and mention the richest biodiversity present
there.
c) What are the criteria for determining hotspots?
A) hm°Q>-ñnm°Q> ³¶m hmoVm h¡? [4]
~) ^maVdf© Ho$ Xmo hm°Q>ñnm°Q>m| Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE VWm BZ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr à‘wIV‘ O¡d {d{dYVm H$s MMm©
H$s{OE&
g) hm°Q>ñnm°Q>m| H$m {ZYm©aU H$aZo {H$ ³¶m H$gm¡Q>r hmoVr h¢?

17. Sourav is a school teacher, one day while returning home he finds some students
beat and hit a chameleon. He drove them off and saved the chameleon. [4]
a) Do you think, Sourav did the right thing? Why?
b) Define habitat loss.
c) Write any three factors results in habitat loss thereby biodiversity depletion?
58/SS/A/333-A] G-403 4 *58/SS/A/333-A* [ Contd......

gm¡a^ EH$ ñHy$b ‘| AܶmnH$ h¢, EH$ {XZ O~ dmng Ka bm¡Q> aho Wo Vmo CÝhm|Zo XoIm {H$ Hw$N> {dÚmWu EH$
{Ja{JQ> H$mo MmoQ> nhþ±Mm aho h¡& AܶmnH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo CZ ~ƒm| H$mo ^Jm {X¶m Am¡a {Ja{JQ> H$mo ~Mm {b¶m&
A) Amn ³¶m gmoMVo h¡, gm¡a^ Zo ³¶m ghr H$m¶© {H$¶m/³¶mo§?
~) n¶m©daU - hm{Z H$s n[a^mfm {b{IE&
g) {H$Ýht VrZ H$maH$m| H$mo {b{IE {OZHo$ H$maU n¶m©daU-hm{Z hmoVr h¡ {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n O¡d{d{dYVm
H$m AnKQ>Z hmoVm h¡&

18. a) You want to setup a crude oil company. You are supposed to get EIA approval.
What is EIA approval and why it is necessary?
b) What is single window clearance?
[4]
A) Amn H$ƒo Vob H$s H§$nZr ñWm{nV H$aZm MmhVo h¢& AmnH$mo EIA H$s AZw‘{V boZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& EIA
³¶m h¡, Am¡a BgH$s ñdrH¥${V boZm ³¶m|o Amdí¶H$ h¡?
~) ""qgJb qdS>mo AZw‘{V'' ³¶m hmoVr h¡?

19. a) How will you differentiate estuaries from deltas?
b) Name the zone of junction between two or more diverse ecosystems. Give
one example.
c) What is edge effect and edge species?
[6]
A) ÁdmaZX‘wI Am¡a S>oëQ>m ‘| A§Va ñnï> H$s{OE&
~) Xmo ¶m A{YH$ nm[aV§Ìmo§ Ho$ g§J‘-ñWb H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¡? EH$ CXmhaU Xr{OE&
g) H$moa - à^md Am¡a H$moa-ñnrerµO$ ³¶m hmoVr h¡?

20. a) What is meant by radiation damage? Differentiate two types of radiation
damage.
b) Distinguish ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
[6]
A) {d{H$aU-j{V H$m ³¶m AW© h¡? Xmo àH$ma H$s {d{H$aU j{V ‘| A§Va ~VmBE&
~) Am¶{ZH$ Am¡a J¡a Am¶{ZH$ {d{H$aU ‘| A§Va ~VmBE&

58/SS/A/333-A] G-403 5 *58/SS/A/333-A* [ Contd......

21. a) Why should we conserve biodiversity?
b) What is the role of wet lands in the pollution reduction?
c) Ecosystem performs the vital function of recycling nutrients found in the
atmosphere as well as in the soil-justify.
[6]
A) h‘| O¡d{d{dYVm H$m g§ajU ³¶m§o H$aZm Mm{hE?
~) àXÿfU H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE AmЩ ^y{‘ H$s ³¶m ^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡?
g) nm[aV§Ì dm¶w‘§S>b ‘o§ Am¡a ‘¥Xm ‘§o ^r nmE OmZo dmbo nmofH$mo H$m nwZ:MH«$U H$aZo H$m ‘hËdnyU© H$m¶© H$aVo
h¡& ¶w{º$ g§JVVm ~VmBE&

22. "Think globally and act locally". As a responsible member of this society, how will
you conserve the natural resources and protect the environment? [6]
""{díd ñVa na gmo{ME VWm ñWm{ZH$ ê$n go H$m¶© H$r{OE''& Bg ""g‘mO'' Ho$ EH$ CÎmaXm¶r gXñ¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘|
Amn àmH¥${VH$ g§gmYZm§o H$m g§ajU VWm n¶m©daU H$m n[aajU {H$g àH$ma H$a|Jo?

SECTION-B
IÊS>-~
OPTION-I
{dH$ën- I
(Water Resource Management)
(Ob - g§gmYZ à~§YZ)

23. Mention any three non-porous materials used for preventing evaporation loss. [1]
dmînmoËgO©Z - j{V H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE {H$Ýhr VrZ J¡a g§a§Y«r nXmWm] H$s MMm© H$s{OE&

24. What is Johad? [1]
""Omoh‹S>'' ³¶m hmoVm h¡?

58/SS/A/333-A] G-403 6 *58/SS/A/333-A* [ Contd......

25. What are the four main components of rain water harvesting system? [2]
Ob-g§ajU (Water harvesting) V§Ì Ho$ Mma à‘wI g§KQ>H$mo Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE&

26. In mountainous terrain the forests play a prominent role in prevention of soil erosion
Justity. [2]
nd©Vr¶ ^y-^mJ Ho$ dZ ‘¥Xm-AnaXZ H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE à‘wI ^y{‘H$m AXm H$aVo h¢& ¶w{º$g§JVVm ~VmBE&

27. Write short notes on: [6]
a) Hydrological cycle
b) Surface water
c) Underground water.
{ZåZ{b{IV na g§{já {Q>ßnUr {b{IE:
A) Ob-MH«$ (Hydrological cycle)
~) ^yOb
g) ^m¡‘Ob

OPTION-II
{dH$ën- II
(Energy and Environment)
(COm© Ed§ n¶m©daU)

23. Why it is very hard to harness energy in the form of heat? [1]
Vmn Ho$ ê$n ‘| D$Om© H$mo ~ZmE aIZm ³¶m|o ~hþV ‘wpíH$b hmoVm h¡?

24. What is the composition of coal? [1]
H$mo¶bo H$s g§KQ>Zm ³¶m hmoVr h¡?

58/SS/A/333-A] G-403 7 *58/SS/A/333-A* [ Contd......

25. State how the following energies are produced? Geothermal energy, tidal energy,
hydel energy and solar energy. [2]
{ZåZ{b{IV D$Om© {H$g àH$ma CËnÞ H$s OmVr h¡?
^yVm{n¶ D$Ámm©, Ádmar¶ D$Om©, Ob D$Om© Am¡a gm¡a D$Om©

26. Arrange the following coal grades in the increasing order of their carbon contents:
Bituminous, Anthracite, Lignite and Sub-Bituminous. [2]
{ZåZ{b{IV H$mo¶bm H$s {d{^Þ loUr¶m| H$mo CZ‘| ‘m¡OyX H$m~©Z H$s ‘mÌm Ho$ ~‹T>Vo hþE H«$¶ ‘| ì¶dpñWV H$s{OE:
{~Qw>{‘Zg, EoÝH«$mgmBQ>, {b¾mBQ>, g~{~Qw>{‘Zg&>

27. Write short notes on the following.
a) Anaerobic degradation. [6]
b) Biofuel.
c) Biomass energy.
{ZåZ{b{IV na g§{já {Q>ßnUr¶m± {b{IE:
A) Adm¶dr¶ {ZåZrH$aU
~) ~m¶moBªYZ (O¡d BªYZ)
g$) O¡dg§hVr D$Om© (~m¶mo‘mg D$Om©)



58/SS/A/333-A] G-403 8 *58/SS/A/333-A*