CBSE Senior Secondary Syllabus 2027 Chemistry

FOR CBSE SENIOR SECONDARY SYLLABUS EXAM PREPARATION

CBSE Senior
Secondary Syllabus
2027
Question Paper ·
Chemistry
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT

CBSE Senior Secondary Syllabus 2027 Question Paper Chemistry

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

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CHEMISTRY a
SUBJECT CODE: 043
CLASSES XI-XII (2026-27)

Rationale
The second phase of Secondary stage is the most crucial stage of school education
because at this juncture specialised discipline based, content oriented courses are
introduced. Students reach this stage after 10 years of general education and opt for
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Chemistry with a purpose of pursuing their career in basic sciences or professional
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courses like medicine, engineering, technology and to study courses in applied areas
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of science and technology at tertiary level. Therefore, there is a need to provide the
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learners with sufficient conceptual background of Chemistry, which will make them

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competent to meet the challenges of academic and professional courses after this
stage.
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The new and updated curriculum is based on a disciplinary approach with rigour and
depth ensuring that the syllabus is not heavy and at the same time it is comparable to
that at the international level. The pedagogy of Chemistry has undergone tremendous
changes in recent times. To keep pace with the developments in Chemistry, many
new areas like green chemistry, material science, biomolecules, and industrial
chemistry deserve to be an integral part of the chemistry syllabus at this stage. In
addition, the nomenclature of elements and compounds; symbols, and units of
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physical quantities, recommended by scientific bodies like IUPAC and CGPM also
need to be incorporated in the updated syllabus. The proposed syllabus takes due
care to address these issues.
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Objectives
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The curriculum of Chemistry at the second phase of Secondary stage has been
designed to:
● equip the learners with tools to understand the working of Chemistry rather than
mere facts of it;
● develop the necessary conceptual foundations of chemistry and ability to apply
them to real life situations;
● enable the learners to represent chemical phenomena at macroscopic, molecular,
and symbolic levels;
● make the learners identify patterns and form connections that underlie various
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chemical phenomena;
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● prepare the learners to contribute to frontier research areas related to climate

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● inculcate problem solving skills in the learners and integrate life skills and values

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in the context of chemistry; and

ag ● apprise learners of the interface of chemistry with other disciplines of science such
as physics, biology, geology, engineering etc.

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COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS XI
THEORY
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70

S. No UNIT Marks

1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 7
2 Structure of Atom 9
3 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 6
4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 7
5 Chemical Thermodynamics 9
6 Equilibrium 7
7 Redox Reactions 4
8 Organic Chemistry: Some basic Principles and 11
Techniques
9 Hydrocarbons 10
TOTAL 70

Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Importance of Chemistry, Nature of Matter, Properties of Matter and their
Measurement, Uncertainty in Measurement, Laws of Chemical Combination, Dalton's
Atomic Theory, Atomic and Molecular Masses, Mole Concept and Molar Masses,
Percentage Composition, Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations.

Unit 2: Structure of Atom
Discovery of Sub-atomic Particles, Atomic Models, Developments Leading to the
Bohr’s Model of Atom, Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom, Towards Quantum
Mechanical Model of the Atom, Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom.

Unit 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Why we Need to Classify Elements? Genesis of Periodic Classification, Modern
Periodic Law and the Present Form of Periodic Table, Nomenclature of Elements with
Atomic Number > 100, Electronic Configuration of Elements and the Periodic Table,
Electronic Configuration of Elements and Types of Elements: s-, p-, d-, f- Blocks,
Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements.

Unit 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Kossel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding, Ionic or Electrovalent Bond, Bond
Parameters, The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory, Valence
Bond Theory, Hybridisation, Molecular Orbital Theory, Bonding in Some Homonuclear
Diatomic Molecules, Hydrogen Bonding.

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Unit 5: Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic Terms, Applications, Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry,
Enthalpy Change, and ∆H of a Reaction – Reaction Enthalpy, Enthalpies for Different
Types of Reactions, Spontaneity, Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium.

Unit 6: Equilibrium
Equilibrium in Physical Processes, Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic
Equilibrium, Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant, Homogeneous
Equilibria, Heterogeneous Equilibria, Applications of Equilibrium Constants,
Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy
G, Factors Affecting Equilibria, Ionic Equilibrium in Solution, Acids, Bases and Salts,
Ionization of Acids and Bases, Buffer Solutions, Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly
Soluble Salts.

Unit 7: Redox Reactions
Classical Idea of Redox Reactions – Oxidation and Reduction Reactions, Redox
Reactions in Terms of Electron Transfer Reactions, Oxidation Number, Redox
Reactions and Electrode Processes.

Unit 8: Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
General Introduction, Tetravalence of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds,
Structural Representations of Organic Compounds, Classification of Organic
Compounds, Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Isomerism, Fundamental
Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism, Methods of Purification of Organic
Compounds, Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds, Quantitative Analysis

Unit 9: Hydrocarbons
Classification, Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Carcinogenic and
Toxicity.

Note: The following topics are included in the syllabus but will be assessed only
formatively to reinforce understanding without adding to summative assessments.
This reduces academic stress while ensuring meaningful learning. Schools can
integrate these with existing chapters as they align well. Relevant NCERT textual
material is enclosed for reference.

1. s & p Block Elements
Electronic configuration, atomic & Ionic radii, Ionization Enthalpy,
Hydration Enthalpy and general trends in physical and chemical
properties of s and p block elements across the periods and down the groups;
unique behavior of the first element in each group.
2. The Gaseous State
Qualitative treatment of Gas laws, Ideal gas equation and deviations from it.

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PRACTICAL

Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks
Volumetric Analysis 08
Salt Analysis 08

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Content Based Experiment 06

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Project Work
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Total
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PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments,
wherever possible such techniques should be used.

A. Basic Laboratory Techniques
1. Cutting glass tube and glass rod
2. Bending a glass tube
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3. Drawing out a glass jet

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4. Boring a cork

B.Characterization and Purificationla
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a of an organic compound.
1. Determination of melting point
2. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound.
3. Crystallization of impure sample of any one of the following: Alum, Copper
Sulphate, Benzoic Acid.

C.Experiments based on pH
1. Any one of the following experiments:
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solution of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and

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 Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak
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 Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using a universal
indicator.
2. Study the pH change by common-ion in case of weak acids and weak bases.

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D.Chemical Equilibrium
Any one of the following experiments:
 Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by
increasing/decreasing the concentration of either of the ions.
 Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions by
changing the concentration of either of the ions.

E. Quantitative Estimation
1. Using a mechanical balance/electronic balance.
2. Preparation of standard solution of Oxalic acid.
3. Determination of strength of a given solution of Sodium hydroxide by titrating it
against standard solution of Oxalic acid.
4. Preparation of standard solution of Sodium carbonate.
5. Determination of strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it
against standard Sodium Carbonate solution.

F. Qualitative Analysis
1. Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
Cations: 𝑷𝒃 + , +
, +
, +
, +
, +
, +
, +
, +
, +
, +
, +
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+

− − − − − − − − −
Anions: , , , , , , , −, ,𝑷 , −

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)
2. Detection of -Nitrogen, Sulphur, Chlorine in organic compounds.

PROJECTS
Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from
other sources.
A few suggested Projects
a) Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ion
b) Study of the methods of purification of water
c) Testing the hardness, presence of Iron, Fluoride, Chloride, etc., depending
upon the regional variation in drinking water and study of causes of presence
of these ions above permissible limit (if any).
d) Investigation of the foaming capacity of different washing soaps and the effect
of addition of Sodium carbonate on it
e) Study the acidity of different samples of tea leaves.
f) Determination of the rate of evaporation of different liquids
g) Study the effect of acids and bases on the tensile strength of fibers.
h) Study of acidity of fruit and vegetable juices.

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Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can
be chosen with the approval of the teacher.

Practical Examination for Visually Challenged Students Class XI

Note: Same Evaluation scheme and general guidelines for visually challenged
students as given for Class XII may be followed.
List of apparatus for identification for assessment in practicals (All experiments)
Beaker, tripod stand, wire gauze, glass rod, funnel, filter paper, Bunsen
burner, test tube, test tube stands, dropper, test tube holder, ignition tube,
china dish, tongs, standard flask, pipette, burette, conical flask, clamp stand,
dropper, wash bottle
• Odor detection in qualitative analysis.
• Procedure/Setup of the apparatus.

List of Experiments
A. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances
Crystallization of an impure sample of any one of the following:
copper sulphate, benzoic acid.

B. Experiments based on pH
1. Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solutions of
known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper.
2. Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration.

C. Chemical Equilibrium
1. Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by
increasing/decreasing the concentration of either ions.
2. Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions by
changing the concentration of either of the ions.

D. Quantitative estimation
1. Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid.
2. Determination of molarity of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it
against standard solution of oxalic acid.

E. Qualitative Analysis
1. Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
+
Cations -
− − − − −
Anions: , , , , ,
(Note: insoluble salts excluded)
2. Detection of Nitrogen in the given organic compound.
3. Detection of Halogen in the given organic compound.

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Note: The above practical may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than
recording observations.

Prescribed Books:
1. Chemistry Part – I, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.
2. Chemistry Part – II, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.
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3. Manual of Microscale Chemistry laboratory kit, Published by NCERT
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Links for NCERT textbooks:
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https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?kech2=0-3
3. https://ncert.nic.in/division/dek/pdf/Manual_01.pdf

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COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS XII
THEORY
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70

S. No. Title Marks
1 Solutions 7
2 Electrochemistry 9
3 Chemical Kinetics 7
4 d -and f -Block Elements 7
5 Coordination Compounds 7
6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 6
7 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 6
8 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 8
9 Amines 6
10 Biomolecules 7
Total 70

Unit 1: Solutions
Types of Solutions, Expression of Concentration of Solutions, Solubility, Vapour
Pressure of Liquid Solutions, Ideal and Non –Ideal Solutions, Colligative Properties
and Determination of Molar Mass, Abnormal Molecular Masses.

Unit 2: Electrochemistry
Electrochemical Cells, Galvanic Cells, Nernst Equation, Conductance of Electrolytic
solutions, Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis, Batteries, Fuel Cells, Corrosion.

Unit 3: Chemical Kinetics
Rate of a Chemical reaction, factors influencing rate of reaction, integrated rate
equations, Temperature Dependence of the rate of a reaction, Collision theory of
Chemical Reactions
Unit 4: d and f Block Elements
Position in the Periodic Table, Electronic configuration of the d-Block Elements,
General properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block), Some Important
Compounds of Transition Elements, The Lanthanoids, The Actinoids, Some
Applications of d- and f- Block Elements.
Unit 5: Coordination Compounds
Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compound, Definition of Some important terms
pertaining to Coordination Compounds, Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds.
Isomerism in Coordination Compounds, Bonding in coordination compounds,
Bonding in Metal Carbonyls, Importance and Applications of Coordination
Compounds.

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Unit 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Classification, Nomenclature, Nature of C–X bond, Methods of Preparation of
Haloalkanes, Preparation of Haloarenes, Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions,
Polyhalogen Compounds.
Unit 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Classification, Nomenclature, Structures of Functional Groups, Alcohols and
Phenols, Some commercially Important Alcohols, Ethers.
Unit 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group, Preparation of Aldehydes and
Ketones, Physical Properties and Chemical Reactions, Uses of Aldehydes and
Ketones

Nomenclature Structure of Carboxyl Group, Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic
Acids, Physical Properties and Chemical Reactions, Uses of Carboxylic Acids.

Unit 9: Amines
Structure of Amines, Classification, Nomenclature, Preparation of Amines, Physical
Properties, Chemical Reactions, Methods of Preparation of Diazonium Salts,
Physical Propeties, Chemical Reactions, Chemical Reactions Importance of
Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds.

Unit 10: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates. Proteins, Enzymes, Vitamins Nucleic Acids, Hormones
Note: The following topics are included in the syllabus but will be assessed only
formatively to reinforce understanding without adding to summative assessments.
This reduces academic stress while ensuring meaningful learning. Schools can
integrate these with existing chapters as they align well. Relevant NCERT textual
material is enclosed for reference.
1. Surface Chemistry - Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors
affecting adsorption of gases on solids, colloidal state distinction between true
solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic properties of colloids;
coagulation, emulsion - types of emulsions.
2. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements - Principles and
methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation, reduction - electrolytic method
and refining
3. Polymers – Polymerisation, Homopolymers and copolymer with few examples
4. Chemistry in Everyday life - Chemicals in medicines - analgesics,
tranquilizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs,
antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines. Chemicals in food - preservatives, artificial
sweetening agents, antioxidants.

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PRACTICAL a
Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks
Volumetric Analysis 08
Salt Analysis 08
Content Based Experiment 06
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Project Work 04
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Class record and viva 04
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Total
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PRACTICAL
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Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments,
wherever possible such techniques should be used.

A. Surface Chemistry
1. Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol
Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum
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Lyophobic sol – aluminum hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous

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sulphide.
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2. Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a) above.

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3. Study of the role of emulsifying
oils.

B. Chemical Kinetics
1. Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium
Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid.
2. Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:
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 Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature using
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different concentration of Iodide ions.

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(Na2SO3) using starch solution as indicator (clock reaction).

ag C. Thermochemistry
Any one of the following experiments
 Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.
 Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCI) and strong base (NaOH).
 Determination of enthalpy change during interaction (Hydrogen bond
formation) between Acetone and Chloroform.

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D. Electrochemistry
Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+|| Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of
electrolytes (CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.

E. Chromatography
1. Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper
chromatography and determination of Rf values.
2. Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two
cations only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).

F. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds
1. Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum.
2. Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

G. Preparation of Organic Compounds
Preparation of any one of the following compounds
1. Acetanilide
2. Di –benzal acetone
3. p-Nitroacetanilide
4. Aniline yellow or 2 - Naphthol Aniline dye.

H. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds
Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary)
groups.

I. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and
their detection in given foodstuffs.

J. Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it
against a standard solution of:
1. Oxalic acid,
2. Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate
(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

K. Qualitative analysis
Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
Cations: 𝑷𝒃 + , +
, +
, +
, +
, + + + + + + +
,
+

− − − − − − − − −
Anions: , , , , , , , −, ,𝑷 , −
, C2O42-
(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

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PROJECTS
Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from
other sources.
A few suggested Projects
a) Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of
ripening.
b) Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.
c) Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with
respect to curd formation, effect of temperature, etc.
d) Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as food preservative under various
conditions (temperature, concentration, time, etc.)
e) Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and
temperature on it.
f) Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of following materials: wheat
flour, gram flour, potato juice, carrot juice, etc.
g) Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carom), Illaichi
(cardamom).
h) Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power, chili
powder and pepper.
Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work,
can be chosen with the approval of the teacher.

Practical Examination for Visually Challenged Learners Classes XI and XII

Evaluation Scheme Marks
Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus 5

Written test (based on given/prescribed practical’s) 10

Practical Record 5
Viva 10
Total 30

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General Guidelines a
 The practical examination will be of two-hour duration.
 A separate list of ten experiments is included here.
 The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the
time of practical examination of all other students.
 The written test will be of 30 minutes’ duration.
 The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should
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contain a total of 15 practical skill based very short answer type questions. A
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student would be required to answer any 10 questions.
 A writer may be allowed to such students as per CBSE examination rules.
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 All questions included in the question papers should be related to the listed
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practicals
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 Every question should require about two minutes to be answered.
 These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is
expected to record at least five of the listed experiments as per the specific
instructions for each subject. These practicals should be duly checked and
signed by the internal examiner.
 The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim,
apparatus required, simple theory, procedure, related practical skills,
precautions etc.
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 Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and
used for assessment.
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 The viva questions may include questions based on basic
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theory/principle/concept, apparatus/materials/ chemicals required, procedure,
precautions, sources of error etc.
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List of apparatus for identification/familiarity for assessment in practical (All
experiments)

Beaker, glass rod, tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, Whatman filter paper, gas
jar, capillary tube, pestle and mortar, test tubes, tongs, test tube holder, test tube
stand, burette, pipette, conical flask, standard flask, clamp stand, funnel, filter paper.

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Hands-on Assessment
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 Identification/familiarity with the apparatus
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List of Experiments
a The experiments have been divided into two sections: Section A and Section B.
The experiments mentioned in Section B are mandatory.

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SECTION A

A. Surface Chemistry
1. Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol
i. Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum
ii. Lyophobic sol – Ferric hydroxide

B. Chromatography
Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper
chromatography and determination of Rf values (distance values may be
provided).

C. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds
1. Alcoholic and Carboxylic groups
2. Aldehyde and Kenotic groups

D. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates and proteins in the given foodstuffs.

E. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds- Potash Alum

SECTION B (Mandatory)

F. Quantitative analysis
1. (a) Preparation of a given volume of the standard solution of Oxalic acid.
(b) Determination of molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard
solution of Oxalic acid.
2. The above exercise [F 1 (a) and (b)] to be conducted using Ferrous ammonium
sulphate (Mohr's salt)
G. Qualitative Analysis
Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
+
Cation -
− − − − −
Anions: , , , , ,
(Note: insoluble salts excluded)
Note: The above practical may be carried out in an experiential manner rather
than recording observations.

Prescribed Books:
1. Chemistry Part – I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
2. Chemistry Part – II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
3. Manual of Microscale Chemistry Laboratory Kit, Published by NCERT.

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For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 14 of 15

Links for NCERT textbooks:
1. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lech1=0-5
2. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lech2=0-5
3. https://ncert.nic.in/division/dek/pdf/Manual_01.pdf

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN CLASSES XI & XII

S. No Domains Total %
Marks
1 Remembering and Understanding: 28 40
Exhibit memory of previously learned material by
recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and answers.
Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by
organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving
descriptions and stating main ideas.
2 Applying: 21 30
Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired
knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different
way.
3 Analysing, Evaluating and Creating: 21 30
Examine and break information into parts by
identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and
find evidence to support generalizations. Present and
defend opinions by making judgments about
information, validity of ideas or quality of work based
on a set of criteria.
Compile information together in a different way by
combining elements in a new pattern or proposing
alternative solutions.

1. No chapter wise weightage is provided, however, care to be taken to cover all the
chapters.
2. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating various templates.
3. There will be no overall choice in the question paper.
4. However, 33% internal choices will be given in all the sections.

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