CBSE Class 10 Marking Scheme 2022 for Carnatic Music Melodic Instrument Term 2

MARKING SCHEME SUBJECT: CARNATIC MUSIC (MELODIC INSTRUMENTAL) (CODE NO. 032) CLASS X (SESSION 2021-2022) TERM - II Answers/ Hints 1. There are two types of varnams; Tana Varnam and Pada Varnam. It has 5 2 divisions; namely - Pallavi, Anupallavi, muktayi svaras, charanam and the charana svaras. In another way of answering: there are two angas or sections in a varnam, known as the Purvanga constituting the pallavi, anupallavi and the muktayi svaras, and the Uttaranga or the Etukadal. comprising the charanam and the charana svaras. The pada vamam has sahityarn or words for all the angas unlike the tana varnam which has sahityam only for the pallavi anupallavi and charanam 2. A janya raga is a raga which said to be born or derived from a 2 melakartha/Janaka raga. A janya raga takes the same swaras as the swaras taken by its parent raga termed as upanaga raga. Upanaga ragas prescribed in the syllabus: Abhogi, Nata and Hindolam 3. There are 12 Chakras in the scheme of 72 melakarta. Name of 12 chakras 2 are Indu, Netra, Agni, Bana, Ritu, Rishi, Vasu, Brahma, Dishi, Rudra and Aditya. There are 36 Prati Madhyama ragas occurs in this scheme. OR A ghana raga is a raga whose characteristic individuality is brought out more easily by playing / rendering madhyamakala or tana (ghanam) in it. In such ragas, the notes may be played or sung in a plain and unadorned manner without detriment to raga Bhava. Traditional five ghana ragas are Nata, Gaula, Arabhi, Varali and Sri 4. Adi Tala has 3 divisions; one Laghu and two Drutums. Its structure is Laghu 2 Drutum and Drutam, which consists of 8 aksharakala. Laghu’s value is 4 and a Drutum’s value is 2 , Hence 4 + 2+ 2 = 8. Symbols; I O O

5. The Kriti is a development from the Kirtana, It is an highly evolved musical 3 fom. The highest limit of aesthetic excellence is reached in the Kriti composition. The raga bhava is brought out in all the rich and varied colours in this form. The pallavi, anupallavi and charanam are the minimum and essential angas of a kriti. The pallavi is sung first, followed by the anupallavi and ends with the pallavi. The charanam is sung next and linked with the pallavi before ending.Besides the essential angas, many decorative angas are also appended to kritis for embellishment. OR Raga Harikambhoji is the 28th Melakarta. 4th mela in the 5th Chakara- Bana. Swarasthanas are besides Shadja -Panchama, Chatusruti Ri, Antara Ga, Shudha Ma, Chatusruti Dha and Kaishiki Ni. This raga hsa many janya ragas. infact janya ragas ara more popular than parent raga. In Hindustani music, this raga is called Kamas That. Popular compostions in this raga; Entaranitana of Tyagaraja set to Adi Tala and Ramananu Brova, Tyagaraja set to Roopakam. 6. The 72 melakarta ragas are grouped under 12 chakras, each chakras 4 comprising within it 6 mela ragas. The scheme is diveded into two halves. In the first half which includes Chakras I to VI and the melas 1-36, shudha Madhyama occurs as a constant note and in the second half that includes Chakras VII - XII and melas 36 - 72, the Prati Madyama swara occurs as a constant note. Also first half or shuda madhyama melas referred as Poorva melam and second half or prati madhyama melas referred as Uttara melam. The names of 12 chakras are based on Bhuta sankhya and the serial number of a melakarta raga can be determined through katapayadi formula