CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies
Download the CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies PDF for free at AglaSem. Solving this previous year question paper helps you understand the real CBSE Class 12 exam pattern, question types, difficulty level and marking scheme, and reveals important repeated topics — practise it to build speed, accuracy and exam confidence.
Latest News
Finished viewing? Save it for later —
Download CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies (PDF · 33 pages)Downloaded 51 times
About CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies
CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies is available here for free download. Published by CBSE for Class 12, this question paper can be viewed online or downloaded as a PDF (33 pages). Candidates preparing for Class 12 can use CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies to understand the exam pattern, the type of questions asked, and the overall difficulty level.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I download CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies?
Open this page and click the Download button to save CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies as a PDF. It is completely free on AglaSem Docs.
Is CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies free to download?
Yes. CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies can be viewed online and downloaded as a PDF free of cost on AglaSem Docs.
How many pages does CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies have?
CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies contains 33 pages, which you can read online or download together as a single PDF.
Where can I find more Class 12 study material?
You can find more Class 12 question papers, sample papers, syllabus, and answer keys on AglaSem Docs.
CBSE Class 12 Question Paper 2026 Legal Studies – Text
Read the full text of this question paper below — useful to quickly search, copy and reference the content online without downloading the PDF.
📄 View text version (33 pages)
Page 1
FOR CBSE CLASS 12 EXAM PREPARATION
CBSE Class 12 2026
Question Paper · Legal
Studies
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT
CBSE Class 12 2026 Question Paper Legal Studies
Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests
CBSE Class 12 2026
Question Paper · Legal
Studies
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT
CBSE Class 12 2026 Question Paper Legal Studies
Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests
Page 2
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
Series : 1SRQP
a SET~4
-
Q.P. Code 40
. - -
Roll No. -
Candidates must write the Q.P. Code
m
m on the title page of the answer-book.
.co
.co s e m
s em l a
g la LEGAL STUDIES ag
a : 3
: 80
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80
: NOTE :
(I) - (I) Please check that this question
31 paper contains 31 printed pages.
o m
c
(II) - - .(II) Q.P. Code given on the right hand
- -sem side of the question paper should
g la be written on the title page of the
a answer-book by the candidate.
(III) - 40 (III) Please check that this question
paper contains 40 questions.
(IV) , (IV) Please write down the serial
- number of the question in the
answer-book at the given place
m
before attempting it.
o
c
m - 15 (V) 15 minute time hasm.been allotted
c. o
(V)
e paper. The
to read this question
s
e m -
l
question paper awill be distributed
l as 10.15 10.15 10.30
at 10.15 a g
a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to
ag -
-
10.30 a.m., the candidates will
read the question paper only and
will not write any answer on the
answer-book during this period.
40 { } 2407 1 P.T.O.
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 1 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
Series : 1SRQP
a SET~4
-
Q.P. Code 40
. - -
Roll No. -
Candidates must write the Q.P. Code
m
m on the title page of the answer-book.
.co
.co s e m
s em l a
g la LEGAL STUDIES ag
a : 3
: 80
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80
: NOTE :
(I) - (I) Please check that this question
31 paper contains 31 printed pages.
o m
c
(II) - - .(II) Q.P. Code given on the right hand
- -sem side of the question paper should
g la be written on the title page of the
a answer-book by the candidate.
(III) - 40 (III) Please check that this question
paper contains 40 questions.
(IV) , (IV) Please write down the serial
- number of the question in the
answer-book at the given place
m
before attempting it.
o
c
m - 15 (V) 15 minute time hasm.been allotted
c. o
(V)
e paper. The
to read this question
s
e m -
l
question paper awill be distributed
l as 10.15 10.15 10.30
at 10.15 a g
a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to
ag -
-
10.30 a.m., the candidates will
read the question paper only and
will not write any answer on the
answer-book during this period.
40 { } 2407 1 P.T.O.
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 1 of 32
Page 3
1. - 4 – , ,
1.1 – 20 20
1.2 – 2 8
1.3 – 3 8
1.4 – 5 4
2. - ,
–
1. (pair) ? 1
(A) ( ) - ..
(B) –
(C) – 34
(D) –
2.
-
,
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C) (Ombudsman)
(D) (Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission)
3. (cottage) ₹ 5
(contract) 1
(A) (offer) (acceptance)
(B) , (agreement)
(C) ,
(D) () (consideration)
40 2 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 2 of 32
1. - 4 – , ,
1.1 – 20 20
1.2 – 2 8
1.3 – 3 8
1.4 – 5 4
2. - ,
–
1. (pair) ? 1
(A) ( ) - ..
(B) –
(C) – 34
(D) –
2.
-
,
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C) (Ombudsman)
(D) (Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission)
3. (cottage) ₹ 5
(contract) 1
(A) (offer) (acceptance)
(B) , (agreement)
(C) ,
(D) () (consideration)
40 2 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 2 of 32
Page 4
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
General Instructions :
1. The Question Paper contains 4 sections – A, B, C and D.
1.1 Section-A contains 20 Multiple Choice Questions for 20 marks.
1.2 Section-B contains 8 Short Answer Type Questions for 2 marks each.
1.3 Section-C contains 8 questions for 3 marks each.
1.4 Section-D contains 4 Long Answer Type Questions for 5 marks each.
m
.co
2. Internal choice is given in the paper. There is no overall choice.
m
.co SECTION – A
s e m
s em l a
ag
1. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched ? 1
la Attorney General of India – K.K. Venugopal
(A) gFirst
a
(B) Newest High Court - Calcutta
(C) Supreme Court of India – 34 Judges
(D) Civil Law System – Judge made Laws
2. Priya maintained a savings account with a nationalised bank. Despite
maintaining sufficient balance, several cheques issued by her were
m
.co
dishonoured, causing her financial loss and embarrassment. When her
repeated written complaints to the bank went unanswered, she
e m
s
approached an independent authority established by the Reserve Bank of
la
g
India to resolve disputes between customers and banks through a simple,
a
cost-free mechanism.
Which authority did Priya approach ? 1
(A) Lokpal
(B) Lokayukta
(C) Banking Ombudsman
(D) Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
m
m
c. o Atul agrees to sell his cottage to Binod for ₹ 5 lakhs.
3. m.co
m s e
s e This agreement becomes a contract only when –
g l a 1
g la (A) The offer and acceptance are in writing. a
a (B) Both parties sign the agreement before witnesses.
(C) The agreement is enforceable by law.
(D) The consideration is paid immediately after acceptance.
40 3 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 3 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
General Instructions :
1. The Question Paper contains 4 sections – A, B, C and D.
1.1 Section-A contains 20 Multiple Choice Questions for 20 marks.
1.2 Section-B contains 8 Short Answer Type Questions for 2 marks each.
1.3 Section-C contains 8 questions for 3 marks each.
1.4 Section-D contains 4 Long Answer Type Questions for 5 marks each.
m
.co
2. Internal choice is given in the paper. There is no overall choice.
m
.co SECTION – A
s e m
s em l a
ag
1. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched ? 1
la Attorney General of India – K.K. Venugopal
(A) gFirst
a
(B) Newest High Court - Calcutta
(C) Supreme Court of India – 34 Judges
(D) Civil Law System – Judge made Laws
2. Priya maintained a savings account with a nationalised bank. Despite
maintaining sufficient balance, several cheques issued by her were
m
.co
dishonoured, causing her financial loss and embarrassment. When her
repeated written complaints to the bank went unanswered, she
e m
s
approached an independent authority established by the Reserve Bank of
la
g
India to resolve disputes between customers and banks through a simple,
a
cost-free mechanism.
Which authority did Priya approach ? 1
(A) Lokpal
(B) Lokayukta
(C) Banking Ombudsman
(D) Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
m
m
c. o Atul agrees to sell his cottage to Binod for ₹ 5 lakhs.
3. m.co
m s e
s e This agreement becomes a contract only when –
g l a 1
g la (A) The offer and acceptance are in writing. a
a (B) Both parties sign the agreement before witnesses.
(C) The agreement is enforceable by law.
(D) The consideration is paid immediately after acceptance.
40 3 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 3 of 32
Page 5
4. – (A) (R) :
: (A) : 89 (trial)
(arbitration), (mediation) (conciliation)
1
(R) : 89
(litigation)
(A) (A) (R) (A) (R)
(B) (A) (R) , (A) (R)
(C) (A) , (R)
(D) (A) , (R)
5. . (organic
spices)
(arbitration clause) “ (quality), (quantity)
(delivery)”
, (Tax evasion)
(over-invoicing) (arbitrator)
“ ”
(damages)
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C) ,
(D) (public policy)
6. (law of torts) (damages) (unliquidated)
1
(A)
(B) (in advance)
(C)
(D) (plaintiff)
40 4 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 4 of 32
: (A) : 89 (trial)
(arbitration), (mediation) (conciliation)
1
(R) : 89
(litigation)
(A) (A) (R) (A) (R)
(B) (A) (R) , (A) (R)
(C) (A) , (R)
(D) (A) , (R)
5. . (organic
spices)
(arbitration clause) “ (quality), (quantity)
(delivery)”
, (Tax evasion)
(over-invoicing) (arbitrator)
“ ”
(damages)
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C) ,
(D) (public policy)
6. (law of torts) (damages) (unliquidated)
1
(A)
(B) (in advance)
(C)
(D) (plaintiff)
40 4 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 4 of 32
Page 6
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
4. The question contains two statements – Assertion (A) & Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer using the codes below :
Assertion : (A) : Section 89 of the CPC allows courts to refer disputes to
alternative dispute resolution methods like arbitration, mediation or
conciliation before proceeding with trial. 1
Reason (R) : Courts under Section 89 of the CPC aim to reduce
litigation costs and ensure faster and amicable settlement of
m
disputes.
m .co
.co
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
s e m
s em
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
l a
ag
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
g la
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
5.
a
Two companies, Eastern Exports Pvt. Ltd. and Sunrise Traders, entered
into a contract for the supply of organic spices. Their agreement contained
an arbitration clause stating that any dispute “arising out of quality,
quantity, or delivery” would be settled by arbitration.
After a dispute arose regarding late delivery, an arbitrator was mutually
appointed.
During the hearings, Eastern Exports accused Sunrise Traders of tax
m
.co
evasion and over-invoicing and the arbitrator included those allegations
while making his final decision. He directed Sunrise Traders to pay
e m
damages not only for delay in delivery but also for “non-compliance with
taxation norms.”
las
ag
Sunrise Traders challenged the award in court, arguing that the
arbitrator had acted beyond his authority.
Which of the following is the most appropriate legal ground on which the
arbitral award can be set aside ? 1
(A) Incapacity of a party to enter into the arbitration agreement.
(B) Improper appointment of the arbitrator.
(C) The dispute decided falls outside the scope of the arbitration
agreement.
(D) The award violates public policy at large.
o m
m
6.o In the law of torts, damages are termed unliquidated because –m.
c
c. (A) They are decided by agreement between the parties after s e the wrong 1
e m l a
l as occurs. g
a on the court’s
ag
(B) They cannot be fixed in advance and depend
assessment of loss.
(C) They are awarded only when the wrong is intentional.
(D) They are always equal to the actual financial loss proved by the
plaintiff.
40 5 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 5 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
4. The question contains two statements – Assertion (A) & Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer using the codes below :
Assertion : (A) : Section 89 of the CPC allows courts to refer disputes to
alternative dispute resolution methods like arbitration, mediation or
conciliation before proceeding with trial. 1
Reason (R) : Courts under Section 89 of the CPC aim to reduce
litigation costs and ensure faster and amicable settlement of
m
disputes.
m .co
.co
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
s e m
s em
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
l a
ag
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
g la
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
5.
a
Two companies, Eastern Exports Pvt. Ltd. and Sunrise Traders, entered
into a contract for the supply of organic spices. Their agreement contained
an arbitration clause stating that any dispute “arising out of quality,
quantity, or delivery” would be settled by arbitration.
After a dispute arose regarding late delivery, an arbitrator was mutually
appointed.
During the hearings, Eastern Exports accused Sunrise Traders of tax
m
.co
evasion and over-invoicing and the arbitrator included those allegations
while making his final decision. He directed Sunrise Traders to pay
e m
damages not only for delay in delivery but also for “non-compliance with
taxation norms.”
las
ag
Sunrise Traders challenged the award in court, arguing that the
arbitrator had acted beyond his authority.
Which of the following is the most appropriate legal ground on which the
arbitral award can be set aside ? 1
(A) Incapacity of a party to enter into the arbitration agreement.
(B) Improper appointment of the arbitrator.
(C) The dispute decided falls outside the scope of the arbitration
agreement.
(D) The award violates public policy at large.
o m
m
6.o In the law of torts, damages are termed unliquidated because –m.
c
c. (A) They are decided by agreement between the parties after s e the wrong 1
e m l a
l as occurs. g
a on the court’s
ag
(B) They cannot be fixed in advance and depend
assessment of loss.
(C) They are awarded only when the wrong is intentional.
(D) They are always equal to the actual financial loss proved by the
plaintiff.
40 5 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 5 of 32
Page 7
7. () (exotic drinks)
(rare) - (herb)
-
,
? 1
(A)
(B) (void)
(C)
(D)
8.
(boundary wall) ,
,
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
9. (emissions)
(operations)
, - ()
,
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C) :
(D) :
40 6 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 6 of 32
(rare) - (herb)
-
,
? 1
(A)
(B) (void)
(C)
(D)
8.
(boundary wall) ,
,
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
9. (emissions)
(operations)
, - ()
,
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C) :
(D) :
40 6 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 6 of 32
Page 8
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
7. Ankita, a professional chef, entered into an agreement with a local cafè to
supply exotic drinks. The agreement required her to import a rare herb.
Before she could fulfil the order, the import of this herb was banned under
Indian law. Realizing that importing it would be illegal, Ankita informed
the café that she could not perform the contract. The café insisted that the
contract was valid and demanded delivery.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the contract in this case ? 1
m
(A) Ankita can be legally compelled to perform the contract.
m .co
.co m
(B) The contract is void because it involves performing an illegal act.
(C) The café owner can claim damages for non-performance. s e
s em
(D) The contract is valid and enforceable because both parties agreed l a
g la
voluntarily. ag
8. Mr.aSharma owns a farmhouse on the outskirts of the city. One afternoon,
his neighbour, Mr. Kapoor, entered the farmhouse premises to take
measurements for a boundary wall he was planning on his own property.
Mr. Sharma had not given any permission for this. While taking the
measurements, Mr. Kapoor accidentally stepped on some flower beds and
caused minor damage. When confronted, Mr. Kapoor argued that he was
only measuring his own property and did not intend any harm.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding Mr. Kapoor’s
m
.co
actions ? 1
(A) Mr. Kapoor has committed trespass to land, because he entered Mr.
e m
Sharma’s property without consent.
las
(B) Mr. Kapoor cannot be held liable since his intention was not to harm
Mr. Sharma. ag
(C) Minor damage to the flower beds makes the act insignificant and not
legally actionable.
(D) Mr. Sharma must prove financial loss to take any action.
9. Eco Green Industries, a manufacturing company, has recently reviewed
its operations after facing public concern over rising emissions and waste
generation. The management decided to install solar panels, recycle
industrial water and switch to biodegradable packaging materials.
m
.co
Although these steps required heavy investment, the company justified
m
.co
them as essential for long-term growth and community well-being.
e m
e m Eco Green Industries’ new approach best represents which of the
l as
las following ideas of sustainable development ?
(A) Prioritizing present economic gains over future environmental needs. ag 1
ag (B) Achieving development that meets present needs without harming
future generations.
(C) Halting industrial activities completely to preserve natural resources.
(D) Relying solely on government aid for implementing eco-friendly practices.
40 7 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 7 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
7. Ankita, a professional chef, entered into an agreement with a local cafè to
supply exotic drinks. The agreement required her to import a rare herb.
Before she could fulfil the order, the import of this herb was banned under
Indian law. Realizing that importing it would be illegal, Ankita informed
the café that she could not perform the contract. The café insisted that the
contract was valid and demanded delivery.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the contract in this case ? 1
m
(A) Ankita can be legally compelled to perform the contract.
m .co
.co m
(B) The contract is void because it involves performing an illegal act.
(C) The café owner can claim damages for non-performance. s e
s em
(D) The contract is valid and enforceable because both parties agreed l a
g la
voluntarily. ag
8. Mr.aSharma owns a farmhouse on the outskirts of the city. One afternoon,
his neighbour, Mr. Kapoor, entered the farmhouse premises to take
measurements for a boundary wall he was planning on his own property.
Mr. Sharma had not given any permission for this. While taking the
measurements, Mr. Kapoor accidentally stepped on some flower beds and
caused minor damage. When confronted, Mr. Kapoor argued that he was
only measuring his own property and did not intend any harm.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding Mr. Kapoor’s
m
.co
actions ? 1
(A) Mr. Kapoor has committed trespass to land, because he entered Mr.
e m
Sharma’s property without consent.
las
(B) Mr. Kapoor cannot be held liable since his intention was not to harm
Mr. Sharma. ag
(C) Minor damage to the flower beds makes the act insignificant and not
legally actionable.
(D) Mr. Sharma must prove financial loss to take any action.
9. Eco Green Industries, a manufacturing company, has recently reviewed
its operations after facing public concern over rising emissions and waste
generation. The management decided to install solar panels, recycle
industrial water and switch to biodegradable packaging materials.
m
.co
Although these steps required heavy investment, the company justified
m
.co
them as essential for long-term growth and community well-being.
e m
e m Eco Green Industries’ new approach best represents which of the
l as
las following ideas of sustainable development ?
(A) Prioritizing present economic gains over future environmental needs. ag 1
ag (B) Achieving development that meets present needs without harming
future generations.
(C) Halting industrial activities completely to preserve natural resources.
(D) Relying solely on government aid for implementing eco-friendly practices.
40 7 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 7 of 32
Page 9
10.
(detention) 24
,
? 1
(A) 14 –
(B) 20 –
(C) 21 –
(D) 22 –
11. (LLP)
` 5 ()
(client project) ` 15
() LLP
? 1
(A) ` 7.5
(B) LLP
(C)
(D) (partners)
12. -
,
: ,
(prosecution)
? 1
(A) (Supreme Court)
(B) (Central Vigilance Commission)
(C) (State Human Rights Commission)
(D) (National Human Rights Commission)
40 8 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 8 of 32
(detention) 24
,
? 1
(A) 14 –
(B) 20 –
(C) 21 –
(D) 22 –
11. (LLP)
` 5 ()
(client project) ` 15
() LLP
? 1
(A) ` 7.5
(B) LLP
(C)
(D) (partners)
12. -
,
: ,
(prosecution)
? 1
(A) (Supreme Court)
(B) (Central Vigilance Commission)
(C) (State Human Rights Commission)
(D) (National Human Rights Commission)
40 8 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 8 of 32
Page 10
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
10. Ramesh, a young factory worker, was taken into police custody for
questioning regarding a minor theft case. He was informed of the reason
for detention and was produced before a magistrate within 24 hours.
However, during his time in custody, he was subjected to severe physical
torture by police officers, resulting in serious injuries. When the matter
was later brought before the High Court, it held that such treatment
violated one of the most fundamental constitutional rights of a citizen. m
m
Although Ramesh’s arrest procedure followed legal requirements, which .co
.co
constitutional right was still violated ?
m
1
s e m
e
(A) Article 14 – Right to equality.
s l a
l a
(B) Article 20 – Protection of rights of persons accused of crimes.
g ag
a
(C) Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty.
(D) Article 22 – Safeguards against arbitrary arrest and detention.
11. Rohan and Meera formed an Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) called
Design Craft Interiors. Each invested ₹ 5 lakh. While executing a client
project, Rohan made a serious error, leading to a loss of ₹ 15 lakh. The
client demanded full compensation from the LLP.
What will be Meera’s liability in this situation ? 1
. c om
(A) Meera will be personally liable to pay ₹ 7.5 lakh as her share in the
loss.
e m
las
(B) Meera’s liability will be limited to her agreed capital contribution in
the LLP.
ag
(C) Meera will be liable only if she was directly involved in the wrongful
act.
(D) Meera will be jointly liable for Rohan’s act as both are partners.
12. Rahul was taken into police custody on suspicion of theft. A few days
later, his family was informed that he had died while in custody. The
police claimed it was a case of suicide, but his family alleged torture by
police officials. A non-governmental organization approached a statutory
m
m
body at the national level that can take suo motu cognizance of custodial
.co
m .co deaths, seek reports from the government and recommend compensation
s e m
s e or prosecution of the erring officials.
g l a
g la Which of the following bodies has such powers ?
a 1
a (A) Supreme Court of India
(B) Central Vigilance Commission
(C) State Human Rights Commission
(D) National Human Rights Commission
40 9 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 9 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
10. Ramesh, a young factory worker, was taken into police custody for
questioning regarding a minor theft case. He was informed of the reason
for detention and was produced before a magistrate within 24 hours.
However, during his time in custody, he was subjected to severe physical
torture by police officers, resulting in serious injuries. When the matter
was later brought before the High Court, it held that such treatment
violated one of the most fundamental constitutional rights of a citizen. m
m
Although Ramesh’s arrest procedure followed legal requirements, which .co
.co
constitutional right was still violated ?
m
1
s e m
e
(A) Article 14 – Right to equality.
s l a
l a
(B) Article 20 – Protection of rights of persons accused of crimes.
g ag
a
(C) Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty.
(D) Article 22 – Safeguards against arbitrary arrest and detention.
11. Rohan and Meera formed an Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) called
Design Craft Interiors. Each invested ₹ 5 lakh. While executing a client
project, Rohan made a serious error, leading to a loss of ₹ 15 lakh. The
client demanded full compensation from the LLP.
What will be Meera’s liability in this situation ? 1
. c om
(A) Meera will be personally liable to pay ₹ 7.5 lakh as her share in the
loss.
e m
las
(B) Meera’s liability will be limited to her agreed capital contribution in
the LLP.
ag
(C) Meera will be liable only if she was directly involved in the wrongful
act.
(D) Meera will be jointly liable for Rohan’s act as both are partners.
12. Rahul was taken into police custody on suspicion of theft. A few days
later, his family was informed that he had died while in custody. The
police claimed it was a case of suicide, but his family alleged torture by
police officials. A non-governmental organization approached a statutory
m
m
body at the national level that can take suo motu cognizance of custodial
.co
m .co deaths, seek reports from the government and recommend compensation
s e m
s e or prosecution of the erring officials.
g l a
g la Which of the following bodies has such powers ?
a 1
a (A) Supreme Court of India
(B) Central Vigilance Commission
(C) State Human Rights Commission
(D) National Human Rights Commission
40 9 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 9 of 32
Page 11
13. : (A) : ,
(SDGs)
(R) : ,
1
:
(A) (A) (R) (A) (R)
(B) (A) (R) , (A) (R)
(C) (A) , (R)
(D) (A) , (R)
14. (social media influencer)
“ ” (Spice Villa)
(expired) -
(viral)
? 1
(A)
(B) (freedom of
speech)
(C)
(D)
15. ,
,
? 1
(A) / (Retribution)
(B) (Deterrence)
(C) (Rehabilitation)
(D) (Incapacitation)
40 10 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 10 of 32
(SDGs)
(R) : ,
1
:
(A) (A) (R) (A) (R)
(B) (A) (R) , (A) (R)
(C) (A) , (R)
(D) (A) , (R)
14. (social media influencer)
“ ” (Spice Villa)
(expired) -
(viral)
? 1
(A)
(B) (freedom of
speech)
(C)
(D)
15. ,
,
? 1
(A) / (Retribution)
(B) (Deterrence)
(C) (Rehabilitation)
(D) (Incapacitation)
40 10 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 10 of 32
Page 12
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
13. Assertion : (A) : The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promote
the realization of human rights by addressing issues such as poverty,
gender equality and environmental protection. 1
Reason (R) : Progress made by a State in achieving SDGs contributes to
fulfilling its human rights obligations.
Choose the correct option : m
c o m
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
m .co
.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
m but (R) is false. s e
s
(C) (A) is etrue, l a
lais false, but (R) is true.
(D) g(A) ag
a
14. A well-known social media influencer, Ananya, posted a video claiming
that a restaurant, “Spice Villa,” serves unhygienic food and uses expired
ingredients. The post went viral, leading to a significant drop in the
restaurant’s sales. Later, it was proved that Ananya had never visited the
restaurant and her claims were false. The restaurant filed a case against
her.
m
.co
Which of the following statements correctly identifies the legal position in
this case ?
s em 1
(A) Ananya’s statement amounts
g la to defamation as it was false and
a reputation.
harmed the restaurant’s
(B) Ananya’s statement is not defamation because she was merely
exercising her freedom of speech.
(C) Ananya’s statement is not defamation since the statement did not
cause physical harm.
(D) Ananya’s statement would not be defamation if Ananya could prove
that her statement was true.
o m
mRohan, a shopkeeper, was caught intentionally selling adulterated c
. food
c. o products
15.
m
e imposed
could cause serious harm to consumers. The scourt
e m a fine andthat a
l refrain from
l as g
imprisonment to ensure that others in the market
a
ag committing similar offences.
Which objective of criminal law does the court’s action primarily reflect ? 1
(A) Retribution (B) Deterrence
(C) Rehabilitation (D) Incapacitation
40 11 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 11 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
13. Assertion : (A) : The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promote
the realization of human rights by addressing issues such as poverty,
gender equality and environmental protection. 1
Reason (R) : Progress made by a State in achieving SDGs contributes to
fulfilling its human rights obligations.
Choose the correct option : m
c o m
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
m .co
.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
m but (R) is false. s e
s
(C) (A) is etrue, l a
lais false, but (R) is true.
(D) g(A) ag
a
14. A well-known social media influencer, Ananya, posted a video claiming
that a restaurant, “Spice Villa,” serves unhygienic food and uses expired
ingredients. The post went viral, leading to a significant drop in the
restaurant’s sales. Later, it was proved that Ananya had never visited the
restaurant and her claims were false. The restaurant filed a case against
her.
m
.co
Which of the following statements correctly identifies the legal position in
this case ?
s em 1
(A) Ananya’s statement amounts
g la to defamation as it was false and
a reputation.
harmed the restaurant’s
(B) Ananya’s statement is not defamation because she was merely
exercising her freedom of speech.
(C) Ananya’s statement is not defamation since the statement did not
cause physical harm.
(D) Ananya’s statement would not be defamation if Ananya could prove
that her statement was true.
o m
mRohan, a shopkeeper, was caught intentionally selling adulterated c
. food
c. o products
15.
m
e imposed
could cause serious harm to consumers. The scourt
e m a fine andthat a
l refrain from
l as g
imprisonment to ensure that others in the market
a
ag committing similar offences.
Which objective of criminal law does the court’s action primarily reflect ? 1
(A) Retribution (B) Deterrence
(C) Rehabilitation (D) Incapacitation
40 11 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 11 of 32
Page 13
16.
,
? 1
(A) (sale deed)
(B)
(C)
(D)
17. . (Speed Haul Ltd.) ()
( )
- ( )
? 1
(A) (equitable)
(B) (analyst)
(C) ()
(D)
(patent)
18. I : (NLSIU),
II : .. ( )
1
(A) I II
(B) I II
(C) I , II
(D) I , II
40 12 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 12 of 32
,
? 1
(A) (sale deed)
(B)
(C)
(D)
17. . (Speed Haul Ltd.) ()
( )
- ( )
? 1
(A) (equitable)
(B) (analyst)
(C) ()
(D)
(patent)
18. I : (NLSIU),
II : .. ( )
1
(A) I II
(B) I II
(C) I , II
(D) I , II
40 12 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 12 of 32
Page 14
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
16. Ravi filed a suit against Suresh claiming ownership of a piece of land.
While the case was still pending in court, Suresh sold the same land to
Meera. Later, the court ruled in Ravi’s favour. Meera claimed ownership
on the ground that she had purchased the property lawfully.
Which of the following best explains the legal position ? 1
(A) Meera’s purchase is valid as the sale deed was executed before the
final judgment. m
m
(B) The transfer is void because property cannot be sold during the .co
.co
pendency of a case.
m s e m
e
(C) The transfer is not void but remains subject to the outcome of the
s l a
l a
pending litigation.
g ag
a
(D) The transfer is valid since Meera was not a party to the original suit.
17. A logistics company, Speed Haul Ltd., spent five years developing a
unique software algorithm that optimizes delivery routes and significantly
reduces fuel costs. The company kept the algorithm confidential and
restricted employee access. The algorithm was not patented to maintain
its secrecy. Later, a data analyst copied part of the code before resigning
and sold it to a rival firm, which began using it for its own logistics
m
.co
operations.
Which of the following statements correctly explains the legal position in
this case ? e m
las
(A) The algorithm qualifies as a trade secret protected under contractual
1
ag
and equitable obligations of confidentiality.
(B) The analyst can claim ownership as the creator since he contributed
to developing the software during employment.
(C) Trade secrets have no legal protection in India due to the absence of
a specific trade secret statute.
(D) The company must obtain a patent to legally prevent others from
using the algorithm.
m
.co
18. Statement I : The establishment of National Law School of India University
m
.co
(NLSIU), Bengaluru, marked the beginning of reform of legal education
e m
e m in India.
l as
las Statement II : M.C. Setalvad pioneered the movement for reform in legal
education and was instrumental in setting up NLSIU. ag 1
ag (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(B) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(C) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false.
(D) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true.
40 13 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 13 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
16. Ravi filed a suit against Suresh claiming ownership of a piece of land.
While the case was still pending in court, Suresh sold the same land to
Meera. Later, the court ruled in Ravi’s favour. Meera claimed ownership
on the ground that she had purchased the property lawfully.
Which of the following best explains the legal position ? 1
(A) Meera’s purchase is valid as the sale deed was executed before the
final judgment. m
m
(B) The transfer is void because property cannot be sold during the .co
.co
pendency of a case.
m s e m
e
(C) The transfer is not void but remains subject to the outcome of the
s l a
l a
pending litigation.
g ag
a
(D) The transfer is valid since Meera was not a party to the original suit.
17. A logistics company, Speed Haul Ltd., spent five years developing a
unique software algorithm that optimizes delivery routes and significantly
reduces fuel costs. The company kept the algorithm confidential and
restricted employee access. The algorithm was not patented to maintain
its secrecy. Later, a data analyst copied part of the code before resigning
and sold it to a rival firm, which began using it for its own logistics
m
.co
operations.
Which of the following statements correctly explains the legal position in
this case ? e m
las
(A) The algorithm qualifies as a trade secret protected under contractual
1
ag
and equitable obligations of confidentiality.
(B) The analyst can claim ownership as the creator since he contributed
to developing the software during employment.
(C) Trade secrets have no legal protection in India due to the absence of
a specific trade secret statute.
(D) The company must obtain a patent to legally prevent others from
using the algorithm.
m
.co
18. Statement I : The establishment of National Law School of India University
m
.co
(NLSIU), Bengaluru, marked the beginning of reform of legal education
e m
e m in India.
l as
las Statement II : M.C. Setalvad pioneered the movement for reform in legal
education and was instrumental in setting up NLSIU. ag 1
ag (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(B) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(C) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false.
(D) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true.
40 13 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 13 of 32
Page 15
19. 15
(Senior
Advocate)
(clients) (affidavit)
,
, 1961 16
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
20. -
, ,
“
”
? 1
(A)
(B) () -
(C)
(D)
40 14 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 14 of 32
(Senior
Advocate)
(clients) (affidavit)
,
, 1961 16
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
20. -
, ,
“
”
? 1
(A)
(B) () -
(C)
(D)
40 14 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 14 of 32
Page 16
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
19. Raghav, a well-known lawyer with 15 years of practice before the Delhi
High Court, was recently designated as a Senior Advocate by the court for
his exceptional knowledge and contribution to constitutional law.
Soon after, one of his clients requested him to personally draft an affidavit
and file a Vakalatnama in a civil matter before a district court. Raghav
m
agreed, believing that his experience allowed him to handle the matter
m .co
independently. .co e m
s em 16 of the Advocates Act, 1961, which statement correctly glas
Under Section
g lato this situation ?
applies a 1
a
(A) A Senior Advocate can perform all the functions of an ordinary
advocate.
(B) A Senior Advocate cannot file a Vakalatnama or draft pleadings
directly for a client.
(C) A Senior Advocate can appear only before the Supreme Court.
m
(D) A Senior Advocate may accept cases only through the Bar Council of
India. .co
s em
20. Rohit, a practicing advocate inlaIndia, often visits accident-prone areas
near highways. Whenever he aglearns of a road accident, he rushes to the
hospital, approaches the victims’ families and offers to “handle” their
compensation claims in return for a fixed percentage of the awarded
amount. He argues that he is merely “informing people of their legal
rights”.
om
Which of the following best describes Rohit’s conduct ? 1
o m(A) It is valid if the victims voluntarily choose his services. m.c
. c (B) It is permissible as he is promoting legal awareness among s e victims.
e m a
s (C) It may amount to breach of client confidentialityglif such cases are
l a a
ag later publicised.
(D) It is unethical because it involves solicitation and commercialisation
of the legal profession.
40 15 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 15 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
19. Raghav, a well-known lawyer with 15 years of practice before the Delhi
High Court, was recently designated as a Senior Advocate by the court for
his exceptional knowledge and contribution to constitutional law.
Soon after, one of his clients requested him to personally draft an affidavit
and file a Vakalatnama in a civil matter before a district court. Raghav
m
agreed, believing that his experience allowed him to handle the matter
m .co
independently. .co e m
s em 16 of the Advocates Act, 1961, which statement correctly glas
Under Section
g lato this situation ?
applies a 1
a
(A) A Senior Advocate can perform all the functions of an ordinary
advocate.
(B) A Senior Advocate cannot file a Vakalatnama or draft pleadings
directly for a client.
(C) A Senior Advocate can appear only before the Supreme Court.
m
(D) A Senior Advocate may accept cases only through the Bar Council of
India. .co
s em
20. Rohit, a practicing advocate inlaIndia, often visits accident-prone areas
near highways. Whenever he aglearns of a road accident, he rushes to the
hospital, approaches the victims’ families and offers to “handle” their
compensation claims in return for a fixed percentage of the awarded
amount. He argues that he is merely “informing people of their legal
rights”.
om
Which of the following best describes Rohit’s conduct ? 1
o m(A) It is valid if the victims voluntarily choose his services. m.c
. c (B) It is permissible as he is promoting legal awareness among s e victims.
e m a
s (C) It may amount to breach of client confidentialityglif such cases are
l a a
ag later publicised.
(D) It is unethical because it involves solicitation and commercialisation
of the legal profession.
40 15 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 15 of 32
Page 17
–
21.
? 2
22. ,
(cross examination)
? 2
23. (a)
(movable)
(Immovable) 2
(b) (blog)
: ,
-
- , 1957
24. (a)
-
2
40 16 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 16 of 32
21.
? 2
22. ,
(cross examination)
? 2
23. (a)
(movable)
(Immovable) 2
(b) (blog)
: ,
-
- , 1957
24. (a)
-
2
40 16 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 16 of 32
Page 18
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
SECTION – B
21. The President of India is appointing a new judge to a High Court. He
consults only Chief Justice of India for finalising the appointment. Is this
constitutionally valid ? Justify your answer by referring to legal
provisions. 2
m
22. Aarav is accused in a criminal case in India. His lawyer is actively
m .co
.co
involved in collecting evidence, cross examining witnesses and defending
m s e m
e
him in court. Aarav notices that the judge is only observing and
s l a
l a
evaluating the case on the basis of evidence presented, not interfering
g ag
a
much in proceedings.
Identify the type of legal system Aarav’s trial is based on and state one
advantage of this system. 2
23. (a) Rishabh sells a grove of Shisham trees to Manoj with the intention
that Manoj will cut & use them for making furniture.
Classify the property sold as movable and immovable giving legal
reasoning. m 2
OR c. o
e m
(b)
s
Reema, a poet writes an original poem and uploads it on her blog. A
la
ag
magazine republishes the poem without her permission, though
mentioning her name as the author but without paying or crediting
her as the copyright holder.
Has any right of Reema under the Copyright Act, 1957 been violated
by the magazine. Explain giving reasons.
24. (a) The Central Government issued a notification directing all State
Governments to adopt a uniform fare system for intra-state bus
m
.co
services. A state government challenged the notification in the
m
.co m
Supreme Court, arguing that it interfered with the state’s
m administrative powers. The Supreme Court examined the case and s e
s e g l a
la
struck down the provisions of the notification for exceeding the
g powers of the Central Government under the Constitution.
a
a Identify the power exercised by the Supreme Court in this case and
explain it briefly. 2
OR
40 17 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 17 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
SECTION – B
21. The President of India is appointing a new judge to a High Court. He
consults only Chief Justice of India for finalising the appointment. Is this
constitutionally valid ? Justify your answer by referring to legal
provisions. 2
m
22. Aarav is accused in a criminal case in India. His lawyer is actively
m .co
.co
involved in collecting evidence, cross examining witnesses and defending
m s e m
e
him in court. Aarav notices that the judge is only observing and
s l a
l a
evaluating the case on the basis of evidence presented, not interfering
g ag
a
much in proceedings.
Identify the type of legal system Aarav’s trial is based on and state one
advantage of this system. 2
23. (a) Rishabh sells a grove of Shisham trees to Manoj with the intention
that Manoj will cut & use them for making furniture.
Classify the property sold as movable and immovable giving legal
reasoning. m 2
OR c. o
e m
(b)
s
Reema, a poet writes an original poem and uploads it on her blog. A
la
ag
magazine republishes the poem without her permission, though
mentioning her name as the author but without paying or crediting
her as the copyright holder.
Has any right of Reema under the Copyright Act, 1957 been violated
by the magazine. Explain giving reasons.
24. (a) The Central Government issued a notification directing all State
Governments to adopt a uniform fare system for intra-state bus
m
.co
services. A state government challenged the notification in the
m
.co m
Supreme Court, arguing that it interfered with the state’s
m administrative powers. The Supreme Court examined the case and s e
s e g l a
la
struck down the provisions of the notification for exceeding the
g powers of the Central Government under the Constitution.
a
a Identify the power exercised by the Supreme Court in this case and
explain it briefly. 2
OR
40 17 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 17 of 32
Page 19
(b)
(i)
(ii) ()
25. (a) ,
()
“-21” -
2
(b) (national authority)
,
()
?
26.
(a)
(b) ? , ? ,
? 2
40 18 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 18 of 32
(i)
(ii) ()
25. (a) ,
()
“-21” -
2
(b) (national authority)
,
()
?
26.
(a)
(b) ? , ? ,
? 2
40 18 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 18 of 32
Page 20
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
(b) Read the following situations and state whether an appeal to the
Supreme Court is possible. Mention the relevant Article of the
Constitution in each case.
(i) The High Court reversed the acquittal of an accused and
sentenced him to death.
m
.co
(ii) In a civil case, the High Court upheld the lower court’s decree and
o m
no substantial question of law was involved. The losing party now
m
. c s e
s em
wishes to challenge this decision before the Supreme Court.
g l a
l a
25. (a) gAt an international conference, various countries discussed global
a
a issues such as deforestation, climate change and depletion of natural
resources. They adopted a global action plan called Agenda 21 to
promote sustainable development at all levels.
Identify the conference being referred to and state its main objective. 2
OR
(b) m
A national authority is directed to review industrial pollution levels
.co
across the country and ensure that uniform standards for air and
s em
water quality are maintained. It also advises the Central
g la
Government on framing environmental policies.
a
Identify this authority and mention the legislation under which it
was established.
26. A member of a notified religious minority community filed a complaint
before a statutory commission alleging delay in the allotment of a
government shop, claiming it was due to discrimination based on his
minority status.
o m
mOn review, the commission found that the complainantm.had not c
c. o approached s e authority
e m a
the concerned department or any other competent
l
l as for redressal before filing the complaint.
a g
ag (a) Identify the statutory commission referred to in the case.
(b) Will the complaint be admitted by the commission for action ? If yes,
why ? If no, why not ? 2
40 19 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 19 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
(b) Read the following situations and state whether an appeal to the
Supreme Court is possible. Mention the relevant Article of the
Constitution in each case.
(i) The High Court reversed the acquittal of an accused and
sentenced him to death.
m
.co
(ii) In a civil case, the High Court upheld the lower court’s decree and
o m
no substantial question of law was involved. The losing party now
m
. c s e
s em
wishes to challenge this decision before the Supreme Court.
g l a
l a
25. (a) gAt an international conference, various countries discussed global
a
a issues such as deforestation, climate change and depletion of natural
resources. They adopted a global action plan called Agenda 21 to
promote sustainable development at all levels.
Identify the conference being referred to and state its main objective. 2
OR
(b) m
A national authority is directed to review industrial pollution levels
.co
across the country and ensure that uniform standards for air and
s em
water quality are maintained. It also advises the Central
g la
Government on framing environmental policies.
a
Identify this authority and mention the legislation under which it
was established.
26. A member of a notified religious minority community filed a complaint
before a statutory commission alleging delay in the allotment of a
government shop, claiming it was due to discrimination based on his
minority status.
o m
mOn review, the commission found that the complainantm.had not c
c. o approached s e authority
e m a
the concerned department or any other competent
l
l as for redressal before filing the complaint.
a g
ag (a) Identify the statutory commission referred to in the case.
(b) Will the complaint be admitted by the commission for action ? If yes,
why ? If no, why not ? 2
40 19 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 19 of 32
Page 21
27. (enforcement)
, () ? 2
28.
? 2
–
29. (a)
3
(b) (Tribunals)
30.
(a) (mediation)
(b) (a) , ? 2+1=3
31. (a) (strict liability) ,
3
(b) “ ”
, , 1882
40 20 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 20 of 32
, () ? 2
28.
? 2
–
29. (a)
3
(b) (Tribunals)
30.
(a) (mediation)
(b) (a) , ? 2+1=3
31. (a) (strict liability) ,
3
(b) “ ”
, , 1882
40 20 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 20 of 32
Page 22
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
27. Explain how International Law differs from Domestic (Municipal) Law in
terms of its binding authority and enforcement mechanism. 2
28. Neha, after being assigned a legal aid advocate, hires a private lawyer
without informing the legal services authority. What action can be taken
m
.co
against her & why ? 2
m
.co s e m
s em SECTION – C l a
g la ag
29. (a) a Explain the doctrine of Basic Structure as an important element of
Judicial review. 3
OR
(b) Explain the constitutional provisions relating to the establishment of
Tribunals in India.
m
.co
30. Rita & Shyam are involved in a property dispute and prefer a resolution
em
without going to court. They want to maintain control over the outcome
s
la
and not be told what is a fair solution.
g
a
(a) Identify the type of mediation they should opt for. State any two
characteristics of this form of mediation.
(b) How does the mediation identified in (a) above differ from evaluative
mediation ? 2+1=3
31. (a) Both strict liability and negligence deal with causing harm, yet they
m
m differ in the role of carelessness in establishing liability. .co
.co Analyse this statement with the help of relevant case laws. s e m 3
s em g l a
g la OR
a
a (b) “Ownership of property does not itself confer the right to transfer it.”
In this context, analyse the competencies of the transferor under the
Transfer of Property Act, 1882.
40 21 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 21 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
27. Explain how International Law differs from Domestic (Municipal) Law in
terms of its binding authority and enforcement mechanism. 2
28. Neha, after being assigned a legal aid advocate, hires a private lawyer
without informing the legal services authority. What action can be taken
m
.co
against her & why ? 2
m
.co s e m
s em SECTION – C l a
g la ag
29. (a) a Explain the doctrine of Basic Structure as an important element of
Judicial review. 3
OR
(b) Explain the constitutional provisions relating to the establishment of
Tribunals in India.
m
.co
30. Rita & Shyam are involved in a property dispute and prefer a resolution
em
without going to court. They want to maintain control over the outcome
s
la
and not be told what is a fair solution.
g
a
(a) Identify the type of mediation they should opt for. State any two
characteristics of this form of mediation.
(b) How does the mediation identified in (a) above differ from evaluative
mediation ? 2+1=3
31. (a) Both strict liability and negligence deal with causing harm, yet they
m
m differ in the role of carelessness in establishing liability. .co
.co Analyse this statement with the help of relevant case laws. s e m 3
s em g l a
g la OR
a
a (b) “Ownership of property does not itself confer the right to transfer it.”
In this context, analyse the competencies of the transferor under the
Transfer of Property Act, 1882.
40 21 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 21 of 32
Page 23
32. ,
:
(i) , 1882 (Transfer of Property Act, 1882) 122
‘’
(ii) - (donor) (donee)
(iii) 1+1+1=3
33. (a) (ICJ) (Statute) 38(1)
3
(b) (ICC) ?
,
,
34. 2024
,
: ,
(ICJ)
(a)
(b) ( )
? 2+1=3
40 22 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 22 of 32
:
(i) , 1882 (Transfer of Property Act, 1882) 122
‘’
(ii) - (donor) (donee)
(iii) 1+1+1=3
33. (a) (ICJ) (Statute) 38(1)
3
(b) (ICC) ?
,
,
34. 2024
,
: ,
(ICJ)
(a)
(b) ( )
? 2+1=3
40 22 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 22 of 32
Page 24
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
32. Keshav transferred his house to his childhood friend Sudama by way of
‘gift’. Unfortunately, Sudama died before accepting the ‘gift’.
With reference to the above facts, answer the following :
(i) Explain the meaning of ‘gift’ as per Section 122 of the Transfer of
m
.co
Property Act, 1882.
m
(ii) .co
Identify the ‘donor’ and the ‘donee’ in the above transaction. e m
s em
(iii) State the effect of Sudama’s demise on the transfer.
as
1 + 1 + 1g=l3
g l a a
a
33. (a) Explain the primary sources of International Law under Article 38(1)
of the statute of The International Court of Justice (ICJ). 3
OR
(b) Why was the International Criminal Court (ICC) established ?
m
Analyse how its jurisdiction, as mentioned in the Rome Statute, is
o
c
. criminal courts.
m
more restricted than that of ordinary
e
a s
lreported
a
34. In 2024, international mediag large-scale atrocities committed
against a minority community in Ravania, where thousands of civilians
were subjected to torture and forced displacement by government forces.
Although the violations occurred entirely within Ravania’s borders, the
government of Norland, a distant country, filed a complaint before the
m
International Court of Justice (ICJ), urging the global community to
o
m . c
c. o intervene and hold Ravania accountable for these grave atrocities.
s e m
e m (a) Identify and explain the type of obligation under international
l a
las a g law
ag that allows Norland to take such action against Ravania.
(b) How does International human rights law empower states like
Norland in addressing such violations ? 2+1=3
40 23 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 23 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
32. Keshav transferred his house to his childhood friend Sudama by way of
‘gift’. Unfortunately, Sudama died before accepting the ‘gift’.
With reference to the above facts, answer the following :
(i) Explain the meaning of ‘gift’ as per Section 122 of the Transfer of
m
.co
Property Act, 1882.
m
(ii) .co
Identify the ‘donor’ and the ‘donee’ in the above transaction. e m
s em
(iii) State the effect of Sudama’s demise on the transfer.
as
1 + 1 + 1g=l3
g l a a
a
33. (a) Explain the primary sources of International Law under Article 38(1)
of the statute of The International Court of Justice (ICJ). 3
OR
(b) Why was the International Criminal Court (ICC) established ?
m
Analyse how its jurisdiction, as mentioned in the Rome Statute, is
o
c
. criminal courts.
m
more restricted than that of ordinary
e
a s
lreported
a
34. In 2024, international mediag large-scale atrocities committed
against a minority community in Ravania, where thousands of civilians
were subjected to torture and forced displacement by government forces.
Although the violations occurred entirely within Ravania’s borders, the
government of Norland, a distant country, filed a complaint before the
m
International Court of Justice (ICJ), urging the global community to
o
m . c
c. o intervene and hold Ravania accountable for these grave atrocities.
s e m
e m (a) Identify and explain the type of obligation under international
l a
las a g law
ag that allows Norland to take such action against Ravania.
(b) How does International human rights law empower states like
Norland in addressing such violations ? 2+1=3
40 23 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 23 of 32
Page 25
35.
() , 2002
()
3
36. (a)
() (ICCPR) (International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights) 3
(b) , 2010 (National Legal Services Authority (Free and
Competent Legal Services Regulation), 2010)
,
–
37. (a) 19
19
(clause) 1+1+1+2=5
(i)
(Satirical sketches)
“ ” (offence to public
order)
(ii)
- (Eco-housing project)
(Reside) (settle)
40 24 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 24 of 32
() , 2002
()
3
36. (a)
() (ICCPR) (International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights) 3
(b) , 2010 (National Legal Services Authority (Free and
Competent Legal Services Regulation), 2010)
,
–
37. (a) 19
19
(clause) 1+1+1+2=5
(i)
(Satirical sketches)
“ ” (offence to public
order)
(ii)
- (Eco-housing project)
(Reside) (settle)
40 24 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 24 of 32
Page 26
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
35. A dispute arose between a passenger and a government transport service
regarding damage to goods during transit. The passenger approached a
forum established under the Legal Services Authorities (Amendment) Act,
2002. The forum first tried to settle the matter through conciliation. When
no settlement was reached, it proceeded to decide the case and passed an
award that both parties were required to follow.
m
m
Identify the forum mentioned in the case and explain how the procedure
o .co
. c 3 em
followed by it makes
em
it distinct from ordinary courts.
l as
l a
36. (a) State
s the significance of the International Covenant on Civil andag
agPolitical Rights (ICCPR) in relation to free legal aid in India ? 3
OR
(b) Describe the main provisions related to the selection, tenure and
duties of panel lawyers under the National Legal Services Authority
(Free and Competent Legal Services Regulation), 2010 (NALSA
Regulations, 2010).
o m
SECTION –.D c
e m
l s
a and answer whether the citizen’s
37. (a) Read the following situations
g
a Article 19 has been violated, justify with
Fundamental Right under
reference to relevant clause of Article 19. 1+1+1+2=5
(i) A political cartoonist published satirical sketches exposing
instances of corruption in local administration. The posts
gained wide public support and criticism of certain officials but
caused no violence or disturbance. The government banned his
online content citing “offence to public order”.
m
m (ii) Ravi, an environmental engineer from Lucknow, is appointed to .co
m .co em
oversee a government-approved eco-housing project in a hilly
s
s e area of Meghalaya. When he applies to purchase
g la land in a
g la a of a Scheduled
village notified for the protection of the interests
a Tribe, his request is declined by the District Administration.
Ravi argues that this denial violates his right to reside and
settle anywhere in India.
40 25 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 25 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
35. A dispute arose between a passenger and a government transport service
regarding damage to goods during transit. The passenger approached a
forum established under the Legal Services Authorities (Amendment) Act,
2002. The forum first tried to settle the matter through conciliation. When
no settlement was reached, it proceeded to decide the case and passed an
award that both parties were required to follow.
m
m
Identify the forum mentioned in the case and explain how the procedure
o .co
. c 3 em
followed by it makes
em
it distinct from ordinary courts.
l as
l a
36. (a) State
s the significance of the International Covenant on Civil andag
agPolitical Rights (ICCPR) in relation to free legal aid in India ? 3
OR
(b) Describe the main provisions related to the selection, tenure and
duties of panel lawyers under the National Legal Services Authority
(Free and Competent Legal Services Regulation), 2010 (NALSA
Regulations, 2010).
o m
SECTION –.D c
e m
l s
a and answer whether the citizen’s
37. (a) Read the following situations
g
a Article 19 has been violated, justify with
Fundamental Right under
reference to relevant clause of Article 19. 1+1+1+2=5
(i) A political cartoonist published satirical sketches exposing
instances of corruption in local administration. The posts
gained wide public support and criticism of certain officials but
caused no violence or disturbance. The government banned his
online content citing “offence to public order”.
m
m (ii) Ravi, an environmental engineer from Lucknow, is appointed to .co
m .co em
oversee a government-approved eco-housing project in a hilly
s
s e area of Meghalaya. When he applies to purchase
g la land in a
g la a of a Scheduled
village notified for the protection of the interests
a Tribe, his request is declined by the District Administration.
Ravi argues that this denial violates his right to reside and
settle anywhere in India.
40 25 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 25 of 32
Page 27
(iii)
- . . (practice
licence) .
(b) 19 ?
38. ? (parties) ,
: 5
(i) - (mineral water)
-
5000 9
(ii) (boutique)
3 1 100
“ ” (time is of
the essence) 18
25%
40 26 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 26 of 32
- . . (practice
licence) .
(b) 19 ?
38. ? (parties) ,
: 5
(i) - (mineral water)
-
5000 9
(ii) (boutique)
3 1 100
“ ” (time is of
the essence) 18
25%
40 26 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 26 of 32
Page 28
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
(iii) The City Medical Council temporarily suspends Dr. K’s licence
to practise after multiple patient complaints and an inquiry
finding lapses in medical ethics. Dr. K contends that the
decision violates his freedom to practise any profession. The
Council argues that the suspension is necessary.
m
m .co
(b)
.co
Are the freedoms under Article 19 unlimited ? Explain briefly with
s e m
em to reasonable restrictions.
reference
s g l a
l a a
ag is meant by discharge of contract ? Illustrate your answer with
38. What
reference to the following situations, commenting on the liability of
parties and damages, wherever applicable. 5
(i) Ramesh owns a company that supplies mineral water for large public
events. He entered into a contract with the municipal corporation to
supply 5,000 litres of bottled water for a three-day cultural festival in
m
.co
a remote town. On 9th November, a massive landslide blocked all
em
access roads to the town and destroyed Ramesh’s delivery trucks. As
s
g la impossible for Ramesh to deliver the
a result, it became physically
a
water to the festival venues on the scheduled dates. Ramesh informs
the municipal corporation about the situation.
(ii) Neha, the owner of a high-end boutique in Delhi, entered into a
written contract with Arjun, a textile supplier, for the delivery of 100
custom-designed silk shirts by 1st October, specifically meant for her
Diwali fashion launch on 3rd October. The contract expressly
o m
m c
.delivered
.co mentioned that “time is of the essence”. Arjun, however,
s
m
e shortage of
s em the shirts on 18 October, citing transport delays a
th
g l and
g la a substitute stock
skilled labour. By then, Neha had already sourced
a from another supplier at a 25% higher cost and suffered a loss of
business reputation and unsold festive inventory.
40 27 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 27 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
(iii) The City Medical Council temporarily suspends Dr. K’s licence
to practise after multiple patient complaints and an inquiry
finding lapses in medical ethics. Dr. K contends that the
decision violates his freedom to practise any profession. The
Council argues that the suspension is necessary.
m
m .co
(b)
.co
Are the freedoms under Article 19 unlimited ? Explain briefly with
s e m
em to reasonable restrictions.
reference
s g l a
l a a
ag is meant by discharge of contract ? Illustrate your answer with
38. What
reference to the following situations, commenting on the liability of
parties and damages, wherever applicable. 5
(i) Ramesh owns a company that supplies mineral water for large public
events. He entered into a contract with the municipal corporation to
supply 5,000 litres of bottled water for a three-day cultural festival in
m
.co
a remote town. On 9th November, a massive landslide blocked all
em
access roads to the town and destroyed Ramesh’s delivery trucks. As
s
g la impossible for Ramesh to deliver the
a result, it became physically
a
water to the festival venues on the scheduled dates. Ramesh informs
the municipal corporation about the situation.
(ii) Neha, the owner of a high-end boutique in Delhi, entered into a
written contract with Arjun, a textile supplier, for the delivery of 100
custom-designed silk shirts by 1st October, specifically meant for her
Diwali fashion launch on 3rd October. The contract expressly
o m
m c
.delivered
.co mentioned that “time is of the essence”. Arjun, however,
s
m
e shortage of
s em the shirts on 18 October, citing transport delays a
th
g l and
g la a substitute stock
skilled labour. By then, Neha had already sourced
a from another supplier at a 25% higher cost and suffered a loss of
business reputation and unsold festive inventory.
40 27 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 27 of 32
Page 29
39. (a) , 2013 (OPC)
(OPC)
(merge) ,
5
(b) -
() (defence)
“ ” (prosecution)
-
“ ” (golden thread principle)
(proof) (Reverse onus clause)
()
40. (a) , (practising lawyers)
5
(Bar Council of India)
...
(..)
,
...
3
... 5
(career path)
40 28 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 28 of 32
(OPC)
(merge) ,
5
(b) -
() (defence)
“ ” (prosecution)
-
“ ” (golden thread principle)
(proof) (Reverse onus clause)
()
40. (a) , (practising lawyers)
5
(Bar Council of India)
...
(..)
,
...
3
... 5
(career path)
40 28 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 28 of 32
Page 30
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
39. (a) The introduction of the One Person Company (OPC) under the
Companies Act, 2013 represents a significant shift from traditional
individual business models in India. Analyze how the OPC structure
attempts to merge the advantages of corporate identity with single
ownership and evaluate its distinction from a Sole Proprietorship
with reference to liability, legal status and continuity. 5 m
c o m OR
m .co
(b) Rita was. found dead under mysterious circumstances within three e
s eofm her marriage. Her parents alleged continuous harassment glas
la
years
g a
a argued that the prosecution failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable
for dowry by her husband and in-laws. During trial, the defence
doubt, invoking the golden thread principle of criminal law.
However, the court relied on the presumption of guilt under the
dowry death provision.
Explain how the ‘golden thread principle’ operates in criminal law.
Analyze why, in certain cases like dowry death, the burden of proof
m
.co
shifts to the accused under the reverse onus clause.
s em
40. (a) Aditi, Ben and Chintan arelathree friends exploring options to become
ag
practising lawyers in India. 5
Aditi has completed her LL.B. from an Indian university recognized
by the Bar Council of India. She wants to enrol as an advocate and
start practising law.
Ben has completed his law degree from the United Kingdom and
wishes to practise in India but is unsure under what conditions his
foreign degree will be recognized.
o m
m c
. a law
.co m
Chintan has completed an MBA and is planning to pursue
m degree. He is unsure whether he should opt for ase
s e l a 3-year LL.B.
program or a 5-year integrated law program to be geligible to practise
g la a
a law in India.
They approach Aditi’s father for guidance on their legal education
and career paths.
40 29 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 29 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
39. (a) The introduction of the One Person Company (OPC) under the
Companies Act, 2013 represents a significant shift from traditional
individual business models in India. Analyze how the OPC structure
attempts to merge the advantages of corporate identity with single
ownership and evaluate its distinction from a Sole Proprietorship
with reference to liability, legal status and continuity. 5 m
c o m OR
m .co
(b) Rita was. found dead under mysterious circumstances within three e
s eofm her marriage. Her parents alleged continuous harassment glas
la
years
g a
a argued that the prosecution failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable
for dowry by her husband and in-laws. During trial, the defence
doubt, invoking the golden thread principle of criminal law.
However, the court relied on the presumption of guilt under the
dowry death provision.
Explain how the ‘golden thread principle’ operates in criminal law.
Analyze why, in certain cases like dowry death, the burden of proof
m
.co
shifts to the accused under the reverse onus clause.
s em
40. (a) Aditi, Ben and Chintan arelathree friends exploring options to become
ag
practising lawyers in India. 5
Aditi has completed her LL.B. from an Indian university recognized
by the Bar Council of India. She wants to enrol as an advocate and
start practising law.
Ben has completed his law degree from the United Kingdom and
wishes to practise in India but is unsure under what conditions his
foreign degree will be recognized.
o m
m c
. a law
.co m
Chintan has completed an MBA and is planning to pursue
m degree. He is unsure whether he should opt for ase
s e l a 3-year LL.B.
program or a 5-year integrated law program to be geligible to practise
g la a
a law in India.
They approach Aditi’s father for guidance on their legal education
and career paths.
40 29 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 29 of 32
Page 31
(i) (body) (Advocate)
(enrolment)
? 1
(ii) (eligibility)
? 1
(iii) ...
(law program) ? 1
(iv) (Advocate-on-Record)
,
2
(b) ,
(career opportunities)
-
.
(Public Policy) ... (PRS
Legislative Research)
(JAG)
(i) (career path)
? (transactional law)
, 2
(ii)
(law graduates) ? 1
(iii) JAG (Legal work) ? 2
______________
40 30 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 30 of 32
(enrolment)
? 1
(ii) (eligibility)
? 1
(iii) ...
(law program) ? 1
(iv) (Advocate-on-Record)
,
2
(b) ,
(career opportunities)
-
.
(Public Policy) ... (PRS
Legislative Research)
(JAG)
(i) (career path)
? (transactional law)
, 2
(ii)
(law graduates) ? 1
(iii) JAG (Legal work) ? 2
______________
40 30 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 30 of 32
Page 32
m
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
(i) Name the body where Aditi will apply for enrolment as an
advocate. After enrolment, when can she start practising law in
India ? 1
(ii) What condition must Ben’s foreign law degree satisfy for him to
be eligible to practise law in India ? 1
m
.co
(iii) Which law program should Chintan choose after his MBA to
m
(iv) e
.co
become eligible to practise law in India ?
m Aditi wishes to become an Advocate-on-Record in las
Suppose
e m 1
l as future, explain the eligibility criteria and procedure she mustag
ag follow. 2
OR
(b) Three friends – Riya, Meera and Anika – have recently completed
their law degrees and are exploring different career opportunities :
Riya joins LexCorp Law Firm to work in their transactional law
department, focusing on corporate transactions.
m
.co
Meera is keen on public policy and secures a fellowship with PRS
Legislative Research.
s em
la General (JAG) Department of the
Anika joins the Judge Advocate
g
Indian Army. a
(i) Which career path is Riya pursuing and what type of work will
she be involved in ? Mention one key skill or knowledge area
Riya must develop to succeed in transactional law. 2
(ii) How is Meera contributing to the public policy sector, and what
opportunities does it offer law graduates ? 1
m
m c. o JAG
(iii) What kind of legal work will Anika perform in the
.co Department ?
s em 2
s em ______________
g la
l a a
ag
40 31 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 31 of 32
m .co
m .co s e m
se g l a
a
(i) Name the body where Aditi will apply for enrolment as an
advocate. After enrolment, when can she start practising law in
India ? 1
(ii) What condition must Ben’s foreign law degree satisfy for him to
be eligible to practise law in India ? 1
m
.co
(iii) Which law program should Chintan choose after his MBA to
m
(iv) e
.co
become eligible to practise law in India ?
m Aditi wishes to become an Advocate-on-Record in las
Suppose
e m 1
l as future, explain the eligibility criteria and procedure she mustag
ag follow. 2
OR
(b) Three friends – Riya, Meera and Anika – have recently completed
their law degrees and are exploring different career opportunities :
Riya joins LexCorp Law Firm to work in their transactional law
department, focusing on corporate transactions.
m
.co
Meera is keen on public policy and secures a fellowship with PRS
Legislative Research.
s em
la General (JAG) Department of the
Anika joins the Judge Advocate
g
Indian Army. a
(i) Which career path is Riya pursuing and what type of work will
she be involved in ? Mention one key skill or knowledge area
Riya must develop to succeed in transactional law. 2
(ii) How is Meera contributing to the public policy sector, and what
opportunities does it offer law graduates ? 1
m
m c. o JAG
(iii) What kind of legal work will Anika perform in the
.co Department ?
s em 2
s em ______________
g la
l a a
ag
40 31 {}
m .
.co s e m
s em l a
g la ag
a For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 31 of 32
Page 33
40 2407 32 {}
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 32 of 32
For more Question Papers, Sample Papers, Notes & Syllabus visit Page 32 of 32
Document Details
| Board / Org | CBSE |
| Exam | Class 12 |
| Type | Question Paper |
| Pages | 33 |
| Language | english |
| Updated | 24 Sep 2026 |