Class 11 Question Paper 2025 Political Science

ANNUAL EXAMINATION

Question Paper
2025
NCERT BASED SYLLABUS

FOR CBSE AND STATE BOARD
FOLLOWING NCERT

KVS QUESTION PAPERS

SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION 2024-25
CLASS: XI​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE
TIME: 3 HOURS​ ​ ​ ​ ​ M. MARKS: 80

General Instructions:
●​ Read the following instructions very carefully and follow them:
●​ This question paper contains 30 questions. All questions are compulsory.
●​ Question paper is divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.
●​ Section A questions number 1 to 12 are Multiple Choice type questions. Each question carries 1
mark.
●​ Section B questions number 13 to 18 are Short Answer type questions. Each question carries 2
marks. Write answer to each question in 50 to 60 words.
●​ Section C questions number 19 to 23 are Long Answer Type -I question. Each question carries 4
marks. Write answer to each question in 100 to 120 words.
●​ Section D questions number 24 to 26 are Passage, Cartoon and Map-based questions. Answer
each question accordingly.
●​ Section E questions number 27 to 30 are Long Answer type-II questions. Each question carries 6
marks. Write answer to each question in 170 to 180words.
●​ There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in
few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions has to be attempted.
●​ In addition to this, note that a separate question has been provided for Visually Impaired
candidates in lieu of questions having visual inputs, map etc. Such questions are to be attempted
by Visually Impaired candidates only.

Q No Section-A (12x1 = 12 marks) Marks

1 The quote, “I swear by my religion, I will die for it. But it is my personal affair” is 1
given by
(A) M.K. Gandhi​ (B) Karl Marx​ (C) J.L. Nehru (D) B.R. Ambedkar

2 In the following question a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of 1
Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): India is a secular state.
Reason (R): Secularism dictates that there is no official religion of the state.
(a)​ Both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are correct and the Reason
(R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b)​ Both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are correct but the Reason
(R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c)​ The Assertion (A) is incorrect but the Reason (R) is correct.
(d)​The Assertion (A) is correct but the Reason (R) is incorrect

3 In which year “Gujral Doctrine” was adopted? 1
(A) 1985​ ​ (B) 1989​ ​ (C) 1992​ (D) 1996

4 Which of the following is not a difference between State and Nation? 1
(A) State has four essentials elements but no essential elements of a nation.

(B) Idea of oneness is essential for the Nation but not for the State
(C) Sovereignty is essential for the State and not for the Nation.
(D) Sovereignty is essential for the Nation and not for the State.

5 In the following question a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of 1
Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
​ Assertion (A): The American Civil Rights movements was started to end the racial
distinction from the society.
Reason (R): Martin Luther King supported violent methods for the eradication of
such movements.
(a)​ Both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are correct and the Reason
(R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b)​ Both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are correct but the Reason
(R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c)​ The Assertion (A) is incorrect but the Reason (R) is correct.
(d)​ The Assertion (A) is correct but the Reason (R) is incorrect.

6 In the following question a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of 1
Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): The diversity of India has compromised the citizenship rights of the
people in India.
Reason (R): Indian constitution has made a sound approach for inclusion of diverse
sections of the society and providing them citizenship rights.
(a)​ Both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are correct and the Reason
(R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b)​ Both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are correct but the Reason
(R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c)​ The Assertion (A) is incorrect but the Reason (R) is correct.
(d)​ The Assertion (A) is correct but the Reason (R) is incorrect.

7 Which amendment added the words “Socialist” and “Secular” to the Preamble? 1
​ (A) 24th Amendment​ ​ ​ ​ (B) 42th Amendment​
(C) 44th Amendment​ ​ ​ ​ (D) 52th Amendment

8 Match the Landmark Case with its Contribution: 1
Column A (Case) Column B (Contribution)
A) Kesavananda 1) Basic Structure Doctrine
Bharati
B) K.S. Puttaswamy 2) Right to Privacy
C) Minerva Mills 3) Balance between Fundamental Rights and
Directive Principles
D) Golaknath 4) Limited power of Parliament to amend the
Constitution
Options:
(A) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2​ ​ ​ (B) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
(C) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4​ ​ ​ (D) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

9 What does "judicial review" mean? 1
(A) Review of government policies by the Prime Minister
(B) Review of laws and executive actions by the judiciary
(C) Review of the Constitution by the President
(D) Review of judicial appointments

10 Which High Court has jurisdiction over more than one state or union territory? 1
(A) Allahabad High Court​ ​ ​ (B) Madras High Court
(C) Delhi High Court​ ​ ​ (D) Guwahati High Court

11 The Right to Education (RTE) is mentioned under which article? 1
(A) Article 19​ ​ (B) Article 21A​(C) Article 20​ ​ (D) Article 22

12 Article 23 of the Constitution prohibits: 1
(A) Child labor​ (B) Forced labor and human trafficking
(C) Discrimination based on religion​ (D) Use of untouchability practices

Section-B (6x2 = 12 marks)

13 Give Two Difference between Theocratic State and Secular State. 2

14 What is Internationalism? 2

15 What is Internationalism? 2

16 What do you understand by National Liberty? 2

17 Write a short note on the power of judicial review of the Supreme Court. 2

18 Mention any two Constitutional provisions for the protection of women and 2
children in India.

Section-C (5x4 = 20 marks)

19 Describe any four core provisions of Indian Constitution. 4

20 How many types of ministers are there in the Council of Minister? 4

21 Read the following conversation. Write in 1 hundred words your opinion 4
about the issues raised in this conversation.
Alok: Our Constitution guarantees equality between men and women.
Reservations in local bodies for women ensure their equal share in power.
Neha: But it is not enough that women should be in positions of power. It is
necessary that the budget of local bodies should have separate provision for
women.

22 In what ways is the study of political theory useful for us? Identify four ways 4
in which political theory can be useful to us?

23 Differentiate between political, economic and cultural rights. Give example 4
of each kind of right.

Section - D (3x4 = 12 marks)

24 Study the picture given below and answer the questions: 4

I.​ What does the sketch represent?
II.​ How does Parliament control over executive financially?
III.​ What are the financial powers of the Parliament?
Following questions are for the Visually Challenged candidates in
lieu of question number 24
I.​ Explain the Composition of the Indian Parliament.
II.​ What are the Primary Functions of the Legislature?
III.​ How does the Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ensure Order during
Parliamentary proceedings?
IV.​ Discuss the Legislative Process for Passing a Bill in the Indian
Parliament.

25 In the given outline political map of India, four states have been marked as 4
(A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information
given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with
the respective serial numbers of the information used and the concerned
alphabets as per the format that follows: (Map is at the last page).
Sr. Number for the Concerned alphabet given in the Name of
Information used map the State
I
II
III
IV
I.​ Which is the home state of Union Food and Agriculture
Minister Shri Kanhaiyalal Maniklal Munshi in 1950?
II.​ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Home State
III.​ State Related to P. V. Narasimha Rao

IV.​ The state from which constituency Indira Gandhi contested
the election in 1971

26 Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow: 4
At various times there have been demands to ban books, plays, films, or
academic articles in research journals. Let us think about this demand to ban books
in the light of our discussion so far which sees freedom as ‘the making of choices’,
where a distinction is made between ‘negative and positive liberty’, where we
recognise the need for ‘justifiable constraints’ but these have to be supported by
proper procedures and important moral arguments. Freedom of expression is a
fundamental value and for that society must be willing to bear some inconvenience
to protect it from people who want to restrict it. Remember Voltaire’s statement- ‘I
disapprove of what you say but I will defend to death your right to say it’. How
deeply are we committed to this freedom of expression?
i.​ What are the two aspects of liberty?
ii.​ What is a fundamental value among rights?
iii.​ How can we support justifiable constraints?

Section - E (4x6 = 24 marks)

27 Sohan is deeply interested in knowing the process of elections held in India. 6
To satisfy Sohan's curiosity, explain the process of elections held in India in
a sequential manner.
OR
‘A’ contested the election from his constituency and despite being a popular
leader, he lost the election and he felt that there are some flaws in the
election process in India which need to be removed. Explain with examples
what improvements should be made in the election process of India to help
‘A’.

28 Describe the federal features of Indian constitution. 6
OR
What are the issues of tension between the center and the states in India?

29 What is the difference between natural and social inequalities? Give 6
examples from class and caste dimensions.
OR
Explain the relationship between political liberty and economic equality.

30 How does Rawls use the idea of a veil of ignorance to argue that fair and just 6
distribution can be defended on rational grounds?
OR
What are generally considered to be the basic minimum requirements of
people for living a healthy and productive life? What is the responsibility of
government in trying to ensure this minimum to all?

Q. 25 -- AGLASEM --

Name …………………………………….​ Roll No. ……….​ Class & Sec …………….

केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन, संभागीय कार्यालय, लखनऊ
सत्रांत परीक्षा 2024-25
कक्षा: ग्यारहवीं ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ विषय: राजनीति
विज्ञान
समय: 3 घंटे​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ अधिकतम अंक: 80

सामान्य निर्देश:
•​ निम्नलिखित निर्देशों को ध्यानपर्व ू क पढ़ें और उनका पालन करें :
•​ इस प्रश्नपत्र में 30 प्रश्न हैं। सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
•​ प्रश्नपत्र पाँच खण्डों A, B, C, D और E में विभाजित है ।
•​ खण्ड A के प्रश्न संख्या 1 से 12 बहुविकल्पीय प्रकार के प्रश्न हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न 1 अंक का है ।
•​ खण्ड B के प्रश्न संख्या 13 से 18 लघु उत्तरीय प्रकार के प्रश्न हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न 2 अंक का है ।
•​ खण्ड C के प्रश्न संख्या 19 से 23 दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रकार-I प्रश्न हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न 4 अंक का
•​ खण्ड D के प्रश्न संख्या 24 से 26 गद्यांश, कार्टून और मानचित्र आधारित प्रश्न हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर
तदनस ु ार दें ।
•​ खण्ड E के प्रश्न संख्या 27 से 30 दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रकार-II प्रश्न हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न 6 अंक का है ।
•​ प्रश्नपत्र में कोई समग्र विकल्प नहीं है । हालाँकि, कुछ प्रश्नों में आंतरिक विकल्प दिए गए है । ऐसे प्रश्नों में
से केवल एक विकल्प का ही प्रयास करना होगा।
•​ इसके अलावा, ध्यान दें कि दृश्य इनपट ु , मानचित्र आदि वाले प्रश्नों के स्थान पर दृष्टिबाधित उम्मीदवारों
के लिए एक अलग प्रश्न दिया गया है । ऐसे प्रश्नों का प्रयास केवल दृष्टिबाधित उम्मीदवारों द्वारा ही
किया जाना है ।
प्र. सं. खंड-A (12x1 = 12 अंक) अंक

1 यह कथन, “मैं अपने धर्म की कसम खाता हूँ, मैं इसके लिए मर जाऊंगा। लेकिन यह मेरा 1
निजी मामला है ” किसके द्वारा दिया गया है ?
(A) एम.के. गांधी ​ (B) कार्ल मार्क्स ​(C) जे.एल. नेहरू ​ (D) बी.आर.
अंबेडकर

2 निम्नलिखित प्रश्न में अभिकथन (A) के बाद कारण (R) का कथन दिया गया है । 1
निम्नलिखित विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चन
ु ें:
अभिकथन (A): भारत एक धर्मनिरपेक्ष राज्य है ।
कारण (R): धर्मनिरपेक्षता यह निर्धारित करती है कि राज्य का कोई आधिकारिक
धर्म नहीं है ।
अभिकथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सही हैं और कारण (R) अभिकथन (A) की
सही व्याख्या है ।
अभिकथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सही हैं लेकिन कारण (R) अभिकथन (A) की
सही व्याख्या नहीं है ।
अभिकथन (A) गलत है लेकिन कारण (R) सही है ।
अभिकथन (A) सही है लेकिन कारण (R) गलत है ।

3 “गज
ु राल सिद्धांत” को किस वर्ष अपनाया गया था? 1
(A) 1985 ​ ​ (B) 1989 ​ ​ (C) 1992 ​ ​
(D) 1996

4 निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा राज्य और राष्ट्र के बीच अंतर नहीं है ? 1
(A) राज्य के चार आवश्यक तत्व हैं लेकिन राष्ट्र के कोई आवश्यक तत्व नहीं हैं।
(B) एकता का विचार राष्ट्र के लिए आवश्यक है लेकिन राज्य के लिए नहीं।
(C) संप्रभत
ु ा राज्य के लिए आवश्यक है न कि राष्ट्र के लिए।

(D) संप्रभत
ु ा राष्ट्र के लिए आवश्यक है न कि राज्य के लिए।

5 निम्नलिखित प्रश्न में अभिकथन (A) के बाद कारण (R) का कथन दिया गया है । 1
निम्नलिखित विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चन ु ें:
अभिकथन (A): अमेरिकी नागरिक अधिकार आंदोलन समाज से नस्लीय भेदभाव
को समाप्त करने के लिए शरू ु किया गया था।
कारण (R): मार्टिन लथ ू र किंग ने ऐसे आंदोलनों के उन्मल
ू न के लिए हिंसक
तरीकों का समर्थन किया।
(a)​ अभिकथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सही हैं और कारण (R) अभिकथन (A)
की सही व्याख्या है ।
(b)​ अभिकथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सही हैं लेकिन कारण (R) अभिकथन
(A) की सही व्याख्या नहीं है ।
(c)​ अभिकथन (A) गलत है लेकिन कारण (R) सही है ।
(d)​ अभिकथन (A) सही है लेकिन कारण (R) गलत है ।

6 निम्नलिखित प्रश्न में अभिकथन (A) के बाद कारण (R) का कथन दिया गया है । 1
निम्नलिखित विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चन ु ें:
अभिकथन (A): भारत की विविधता ने भारत के लोगों के नागरिकता अधिकारों से
समझौता किया है ।
कारण (R): भारतीय संविधान ने समाज के विविध वर्गों को शामिल करने और
उन्हें नागरिकता के अधिकार प्रदान करने के लिए एक ठोस दृष्टिकोण बनाया है ।
(a)​ अभिकथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सही हैं और कारण (R) अभिकथन (A)
की सही व्याख्या है ।
(b)​ अभिकथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सही हैं लेकिन कारण (R) अभिकथन
(A) की सही व्याख्या नहीं है ।
(c)​ अभिकथन (A) गलत है लेकिन कारण (R) सही है ।
(d)​ अभिकथन (A) सही है लेकिन कारण (R) गलत है ।

7 किस संशोधन ने प्रस्तावना में "समाजवादी" और "पंथनिरपेक्ष" शब्द जोड़े? 1
(A) 24वाँ संशोधन ​ ​ ​ ​ (B) 42वाँ संशोधन
(C) 44वाँ संशोधन ​ ​ ​ ​ (D) 52वाँ संशोधन

8 ऐतिहासिक मामले को उसके योगदान से मिलाएं: 1
स्तंभ A (मामला) स्तंभ B (योगदान)
A) केशवानंद भारती 1) मलू संरचना सिद्धांत
B) के.एस.
2) गोपनीयता का अधिकार
पट्
ु टस्वामी
3) मौलिक अधिकारों और निर्देशक सिद्धांतों के
C) मिनर्वा मिल्स
बीच संतल ु न
4) संविधान में संशोधन करने के लिए संसद की
D) गोलकनाथ
सीमित शक्ति
विकल्प:
(A) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 ​ ​ ​ (B) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
(C) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 ​ ​ ​ (D) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

9 "न्यायिक समीक्षा" का क्या अर्थ है ? 1
(A) प्रधानमंत्री द्वारा सरकारी नीतियों की समीक्षा
(B) न्यायपालिका द्वारा कानन ू ों और कार्यकारी कार्यों की समीक्षा

(C) राष्ट्रपति द्वारा संविधान की समीक्षा
(D) न्यायिक नियक्तिु यों की समीक्षा

10 किस उच्च न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार एक से अधिक राज्य या केंद्र शासित प्रदे शों पर है ? 1
(A) इलाहाबाद उच्च न्यायालय​ ​ ​ (B) मद्रास उच्च न्यायालय
(C) दिल्ली उच्च न्यायालय​ ​ ​ (D) गवु ाहाटी उच्च
न्यायालय

11 शिक्षा का अधिकार (RTE) किस अनच्ु छे द के अंतर्गत उल्लिखित है ? 1
(A) अनच् ु छे द 19​​ (B) अनच्
ु छे द 21A​ (C) अनच्
ु छे द 20​​ (D)
अनच्ु छे द 22

12 संविधान का अनच्ु छे द 23 निम्नलिखित पर प्रतिबंध लगाता है : 1
(A) बाल श्रम​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (B) जबरन श्रम और मानव तस्करी
(C) धर्म के आधार पर भेदभाव​ ​ ​ (D) अस्पश्ृ यता प्रथाओं का उपयोग

खंड-B (6x2 = 12 अंक)

13 धर्मशासित राज्य और पंथनिरपेक्ष राज्य के बीच दो अंतर बताइए। 2

14 अंतर्राष्ट्रीयवाद क्या है ? 2

15 नागरिकता की क्या विशेषताएँ हैं? 2

16 राष्ट्रीय स्वतंत्रता से आप क्या समझते हैं? 2

17 सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की न्यायिक पन
ु ः समीक्षा की शक्ति पर एक संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए। 2

18 भारत में महिलाओं और बच्चों की सरु क्षा के लिए कोई दो संवध
ै ानिक प्रावधानों का उल्लेख 2
करें ।

खंड -C (5x4 = 20 अंक)

19 भारतीय संविधान के किन्हीं चार मख्
ु य प्रावधानों का वर्णन कीजिए। 4

20 मंत्रिपरिषद में कितने प्रकार के मंत्री होते हैं? 4

21 निम्नलिखित बातचीत पढ़ें । इस बातचीत में उठाए गए मद्ु दों पर अपनी राय सौ शब्दों में 4
लिखें।
आलोक: हमारा संविधान परु ु षों और महिलाओं के बीच समानता की गारं टी दे ता है ।
स्थानीय निकायों में महिलाओं के लिए आरक्षण सत्ता में उनकी समान हिस्सेदारी
सनि
ु श्चित करता है ।
नेहा: लेकिन महिलाओं का सत्ता में होना ही काफी नहीं है । यह जरूरी है कि स्थानीय
निकायों के बजट में महिलाओं के लिए अलग से प्रावधान हो।

22 राजनीतिक सिद्धांत का अध्ययन हमारे लिए किन तरीकों से उपयोगी है ? चार तरीकों की 4
पहचान करें जिनसे राजनीतिक सिद्धांत हमारे लिए उपयोगी हो सकता है ?

23 राजनीतिक, आर्थिक और सांस्कृतिक अधिकारों में अंतर बताइए। प्रत्येक प्रकार के 4
अधिकार का उदाहरण दीजिए।

खंड - D (3x4 = 12 अंक)

24 नीचे दिए गए चित्र का अध्ययन करें और प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें : 4

I.​ रे खाचित्र क्या दर्शाता है ?
II.​ संसद वित्तीय रूप से कार्यपालिका पर किस तरह नियंत्रण रखती है ?
III.​ संसद की वित्तीय शक्तियाँ क्या हैं?
प्रश्न संख्या 24 के स्थान पर दृष्टिबाधित अभ्यर्थियों के लिए निम्नलिखित प्रश्न
हैं।
I.​ भारतीय संसद की संरचना की व्याख्या करें ।
II.​ विधानमंडल के प्राथमिक कार्य क्या हैं?
III.​ संसदीय कार्यवाही के दौरान लोकसभा अध्यक्ष किस प्रकार व्यवस्था सनि ु श्चित
करता है ?
IV.​ भारतीय संसद में विधेयक पारित करने की विधायी प्रक्रिया पर चर्चा करें ।

25 भारत के दिए गए रूपरे खा राजनीतिक मानचित्र में चार राज्यों को (A), (B), (C) और (D) 4
के रूप में चिह्नित किया गया है । नीचे दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर इन राज्यों की
पहचान करें और उनके सही नाम अपनी उत्तर पस्ति ु का में इस्तेमाल की गई जानकारी के
संबंधित क्रम संख्या और संबंधित वर्णमाला के साथ नीचे दिए गए प्रारूप के अनस ु ार लिखें:
प्रयक्
ु त जानकारी के मानचित्र में संबंधित वर्णमाला दी राज्य का नाम
लिए क्रमांक गई है

I
II
III
IV
I.​ 1950 में केंद्रीय खाद्य एवं कृषि मंत्री श्री कन्है यालाल माणिकलाल मश
ंु ी का गह
ृ राज्य
कौन सा है ?
II.​ डा. बी.आर. अंबेडकर का गह ृ राज्य
III.​पी. वी. नरसिम्हा राव का गह ृ राज्य
IV.​वह राज्य जहां से इंदिरा गांधी ने 1971 में चन ु ाव लड़ा था

26 नीचे दिए गए गद्यांश को ध्यान से पढ़ें और उसके बाद आने वाले प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें : 4
कई बार पस्
ु तकों, नाटकों, फिल्मों या शोध पत्रिकाओं में अकादमिक लेखों पर प्रतिबंध
लगाने की मांग की गई है । आइए हम पस् ु तकों पर प्रतिबंध लगाने की इस मांग के बारे में

अब तक की हमारी चर्चा के आलोक में सोचें , जिसमें स्वतंत्रता को ‘चन ु ाव करने’ के रूप में
दे खा जाता है , जहाँ ‘नकारात्मक और सकारात्मक स्वतंत्रता’ के बीच अंतर किया जाता है ,
जहाँ हम ‘उचित बाधाओं’ की आवश्यकता को पहचानते हैं, लेकिन इन्हें उचित प्रक्रियाओं
और महत्वपर्ण ू नैतिक तर्कों द्वारा समर्थित किया जाना चाहिए। अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता
एक मौलिक मल् ू य है और इसके लिए समाज को इसे प्रतिबंधित करने वाले लोगों से बचाने
के लिए कुछ असवि ु धा सहने के लिए तैयार रहना चाहिए। वोल्टे यर के कथन को याद करें -
‘मैं आपकी बात को अस्वीकार करता हूँ, लेकिन मैं इसे कहने के आपके अधिकार की मत्ृ यु
तक रक्षा करूँगा’। हम अभिव्यक्ति की इस स्वतंत्रता के प्रति कितनी गहराई से प्रतिबद्ध
हैं?
a.​ स्वतंत्रता के दो पहलू क्या हैं?
b.​ अधिकारों में मौलिक मल् ू य क्या है ?
c.​ हम उचित बाधाओं का समर्थन कैसे कर सकते हैं?

खंड - E (4x6 = 24 अंक)

27 सोहन को भारत में होने वाले चन ु ावों की प्रक्रिया जानने में गहरी दिलचस्पी है । सोहन की 6
जिज्ञासा शांत करने के लिए भारत में होने वाले चन ु ावों की प्रक्रिया को क्रमबद्ध तरीके से
समझाइये।
अथवा
‘अ’ ने अपने निर्वाचन क्षेत्र से चनु ाव लड़ा और एक लोकप्रिय नेता होने के बावजद ू वे चन
ु ाव
हार गए और उन्हें लगा कि भारत में चन ु ाव प्रक्रिया में कुछ खामियाँ हैं जिन्हें दरू करने की
आवश्यकता है । ‘अ’ की मदद के लिए भारत की चन ु ाव प्रक्रिया में क्या सध
ु ार किए जाने
चाहिए, उदाहरण सहित समझाइए।

28 भारतीय संविधान की संघीय विशेषताओं का वर्णन करें । 6
अथवा
ु दे क्या हैं? समझाइए।
भारत में केंद्र और राज्यों के बीच तनाव के मद्

29 प्राकृतिक और सामाजिक असमानताओं में क्या अंतर है ? वर्ग और जाति आयामों से 6
उदाहरण दीजिए।
अथवा
राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता और आर्थिक समानता के बीच संबंध को स्पष्ट करें ।

30 रॉल्स अज्ञानता के आवरण के विचार का उपयोग किस प्रकार यह तर्क दे ने के लिए करते हैं 6
कि निष्पक्ष एवं न्यायसंगत वितरण का बचाव तर्क संगत आधार पर किया जा सकता है ?
अथवा
आम तौर पर स्वस्थ और उत्पादक जीवन जीने के लिए लोगों की बनि ु यादी न्यनू तम
आवश्यकताएँ क्या मानी जाती हैं? सभी के लिए यह न्यनू तम सनि
ु श्चित करने की कोशिश
में सरकार की क्या ज़िम्मेदारी है ?

Q. 25 -- AGLASEM --

Name …………………………………….​ Roll No. ……….​ Class & Sec …………….

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POLITICAL SCIENCE (028) SET -1
SESSION ENDING EXAM, CLASS - XI (2024-25)
SET-1 Model Answer Sheet Class XI Pol Sci SEE 2024-25
SECTION–A (12x1=12 MARKS)

Q No. Correct Answer
1 (A) M.K.Gandhi
2 (A) Both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are correct and the
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3 (D) 1996
4 (D) Sovereignty is essential for the Nation and not for the State.
5 (D) The Assertion (A) is correct but the Reason (R) is incorrect
6 (c) The Assertion (A) is incorrect but the Reason (R) is correct
7 (B) 42th Amendment
8 (C) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
9 (B) Review of laws and executive actions by the judiciary
10 (D) Guwahati High Court
11 (B) Article 21A
12 (B) Forced labor and human trafficking

SECTION-B (6x2=12 MARKS)

Answer-  Theocratic State: In a theocratic state, the government is based on religious principles, and
13 religious leaders hold political power (e.g., Iran).

 Secular State: A secular state maintains a separation between religion and government,
ensuring equal treatment for all religions and the freedom to practice any or no religion (e.g.,
India).
Answer- Internationalism is the principle or advocacy of cooperation and understanding between
14 nations for the common good. It emphasizes global solidarity, peace, and mutual respect among
countries, focusing on shared values such as human rights, environmental sustainability, and
economic development. Internationalism seeks to solve global issues through diplomatic
collaboration rather than conflict.
Answer- he characteristics of citizenship include:
15
1.​ Legal Membership: Citizens are recognized as legal members of a nation, with rights
and responsibilities.
2.​ Rights and Duties: Citizens enjoy political, civil, and economic rights while having
duties like obeying laws and paying taxes.
3.​ Participation: Citizens participate in democratic processes, including voting and
governance.
4.​ Identity: Citizenship provides a sense of belonging and national identity.
Answer- National Liberty refers to the freedom of a nation to make its own decisions and govern itself
16 without external interference or control. It emphasizes the sovereignty of the state, enabling it to
determine its political, economic, and cultural direction independently. National liberty is
crucial for the preservation of a nation's identity, independence, and self-determination on the
global stage.
Answer- The power of judicial review allows the Supreme Court of India to review the
17 constitutionality of laws and executive actions. If a law or action is found to violate the
Constitution, the Court can declare it unconstitutional and invalid. This power ensures the
supremacy of the Constitution and acts as a safeguard against arbitrary governance, maintaining
the balance of power between various branches of government.
Answer-  Article 15: Prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of
18 birth, ensuring equality for women and children.

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-- AGLASEM --
 Article 39(a): Directs the state to ensure that citizens, especially women and children,
receive equal pay for equal work and have opportunities for adequate livelihood and welfare.
Any other relevant articles.

SECTION-C (5x4=20 MARKS)

Answer- Four core provisions of the Indian Constitution are:
19
1.​ Federal Structure: It establishes India as a federal state, with a division of powers
between the central government and state governments.
2.​ Fundamental Rights: These are essential rights guaranteed to every citizen, such as the
right to equality, freedom of speech, and the right against discrimination.
3.​ Directive Principles of State Policy: These guidelines aim to direct the government in
ensuring social and economic justice, though they are not legally enforceable.
4.​ Secularism: The Constitution mandates that the state must remain neutral in religious
matters, guaranteeing equal treatment to all religions.

These provisions serve as the foundation for India's democratic and pluralistic society.
Answer- In the Council of Ministers in India, there are three types of ministers:
20
1.​ Cabinet Ministers: They are senior ministers, often in charge of important portfolios
like Finance, Defence, etc. They are part of the Cabinet and collectively decide on key
government policies.
2.​ Minister of State: They handle smaller portfolios or assist Cabinet Ministers. They
may have independent charge of departments or work under Cabinet Ministers.
3.​ Deputy Minister: They are junior ministers assisting Cabinet or State Ministers in the
execution of their tasks. They have limited responsibilities and generally do not have
independent charge.

These classifications ensure the smooth functioning of the government and the efficient
management of administrative duties.
Answer- The conversation raises important points about gender equality and the implementation of
21 effective policies. Alok highlights the constitutional guarantee of equality and the role of
reservations in local bodies, which help increase women’s representation in politics. Neha’s
suggestion that local bodies’ budgets should include separate provisions for women is a valid
argument, as it ensures focused development for women’s welfare. Jayesh's opposition to
reservations overlooks the systemic inequalities that often hinder women’s participation. While
local bodies must address the needs of all citizens, specific measures like reservations and
targeted financial provisions are crucial for empowering women and achieving true gender
equality.
Answer- The study of political theory is useful in several ways:
22
1.​ Understanding Governance: It helps us understand how governments work, the
structure of political systems, and the distribution of power.
2.​ Promoting Critical Thinking: Political theory encourages critical evaluation of
political ideas, policies, and ideologies, enabling informed decision-making.
3.​ Inspiring Citizenship: It helps individuals understand their rights, duties, and role as
active citizens in a democracy.
4.​ Providing a Framework for Justice: Political theory offers frameworks for justice,
equality, and liberty, guiding the development of fair laws and policies.

Thus, political theory fosters informed participation, social justice, and civic responsibility.
Answer- Political Rights: Enable individuals to participate in political processes. Example: Right to vote
23 and contest elections.

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-- AGLASEM --
Economic Rights: Ensure individuals’ access to basic economic needs and equal opportunities.
Example: Right to work and earn fair wages.

Cultural Rights: Protect an individual’s ability to preserve and promote their cultural identity
and practices. Example: Right to practice one’s religion or use one’s language.

Each category of rights contributes to the holistic development of individuals and safeguards
their participation in various aspects of societal life.

SECTION-D (3x4=12 MARKS)

24.​ Study the picture given below and answer the questions:
​
Answer- The cartoon represents the sanction of Money Bill to the different ministries.
24 (i)
Answer- Every government raises resources through taxation and the legislature controls taxation. If the
24 (ii) Government introduces any new tax it has to get the approval of the Lok Sabha.
Answer- ●​ Grant of resources to the government to implement its programmes.
24 (iii) ●​ The government has to give an account to the legislature about the money it has spent
and resources that it wishes to raise.
●​ It also ensures that the government does not misspend or overspend through the budget
and annual financial statement.

Following questions are for the Visually Challenged candidates in lieu of question number 24

Answer- The Indian Parliament comprises the President, Lok Sabha (directly elected members), and
24 (i) Rajya Sabha (representatives of States, Union Territories, and nominated members). It ensures
representation and governance.
Answer- The legislature's primary functions include law-making, financial control, representation of
24 (ii) people's interests, executive oversight, and deliberating on national issues to ensure
accountability and governance.
Answer- The Speaker ensures order by regulating debates, allocating speaking time, maintaining
24 (iii) discipline, interpreting rules, and using disciplinary powers like warnings or suspensions to
ensure smooth proceedings.
Answer- A bill undergoes introduction, detailed discussion, committee review, voting in both Houses,
24 (iv) and receives the President's assent to become law in the Indian Parliament.

25.​

Sr. Number for the Information used Concerned alphabet Name of the State
given in the map
I A Gujarat
II B Madhya Pradesh
III D Uttar Pradesh
IV C Telangana

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Answer- The two aspects of liberty are: -- AGLASEM --
26 (i)
●​ Negative Liberty: The absence of external restraints on an individual, allowing them to
act freely.
●​ Positive Liberty: The ability to act on one’s own will, often involving self-mastery and
societal conditions that enable freedom.

Answer- Freedom of expression is a fundamental value among rights. It ensures that individuals can
26 (ii) voice their opinions and ideas, even if others disagree with them, and is essential for the
functioning of a democratic society.
Answer- Justifiable constraints can be supported by:
26 (iii)
●​ Establishing proper procedures that ensure fairness and transparency.
●​ Providing moral arguments that justify the need for these constraints, such as
protecting public order, national security, or individual dignity, without suppressing
essential freedoms.

SECTION-E (4X6=24MARKS)

Answer- Process of Elections in India
27 (a)
The process of elections in India is conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI), an
independent constitutional body. The key steps in the election process are as follows:

1.​ Notification of Election: The ECI announces the election schedule, including dates for
filing nominations, scrutiny, and voting.
2.​ Filing of Nominations: Candidates willing to contest must file their nomination papers
within the prescribed period.
3.​ Scrutiny of Nominations: The nomination papers are scrutinized by returning officers
to ensure they meet all eligibility criteria.
4.​ Withdrawal of Candidature: Candidates can withdraw their nominations if they
choose to do so within the specified time.
5.​ Election Campaign: Political parties and candidates campaign to seek voter support.
Campaigning ends 48 hours before voting starts.
6.​ Voting: Voting is conducted through Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) or ballot
papers. Booths are set up across constituencies to facilitate voting.
7.​ Counting of Votes: After voting, EVMs are sealed, and votes are counted on the
designated day. The candidate with the highest votes wins.
8.​ Declaration of Results: Results are announced, and the winning candidates are
declared elected.

This structured process ensures free and fair elections in India.
Answer- Rajnarayan, despite being a popular leader, lost the election due to flaws in the election process,
27 (b) which he felt needed to be addressed. To improve the electoral process in India, several reforms
could be implemented:

1.​ Electoral Transparency: Ensuring free and fair elections by increasing transparency
in the voting process. For example, the use of electronic voting machines (EVMs) and
Voter Verified Paper Audit Trails (VVPAT) helps in reducing malpractices like
ragging or manipulation of votes.
2.​ Voter Education: Many voters may not be fully aware of their rights or the importance
of voting. A strong voter education program can help people understand how to cast
their votes correctly and the significance of their participation in democracy.

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3.​ Addressing Money Power: The influence of money in elections often skews fairness.
Stronger regulations on election funding and transparency in campaign expenses can
reduce the impact of wealth in the election process.
4.​ Fair Representation: Ensuring that constituencies are delimited fairly to ensure equal
representation of voters. This would prevent situations where a candidate wins by
securing votes from a small but dominant section of the population.
5.​ Anti-defection Laws: Strengthening laws against political defections can ensure
stability and reduce the influence of opportunistic politics during elections.

These reforms could help address issues that Rajnarayan raised and improve the integrity of
India's election process.
Answer- The Indian Constitution incorporates several federal features, reflecting the distribution of
28 (a) powers between the Center and the States, while also maintaining unity in the country. Some
key federal features include:

1.​ Dual Polity: India has a bifurcated system with two levels of government—Central
(Union) and State—each with its own jurisdiction and responsibilities.
2.​ Written Constitution: The Indian Constitution is a written document that outlines the
powers and functions of both the Center and the States.
3.​ Division of Powers: Powers are divided between the Center and the States through the
Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, as defined in the Seventh Schedule.
4.​ Independent Judiciary: The Supreme Court acts as the guardian of the Constitution,
resolving disputes between the Center and States.
5.​ Residuary Powers: Any power not mentioned in the Constitution is vested in the
Central government (Article 248).
6.​ Strong Central Authority: Though federal in structure, India has a strong Central
government to maintain national unity, especially in times of emergency.

These features reflect India's federal structure while emphasizing national unity.
Answer- The relationship between the Center and the States in India has been marked by several issues
28 (b) of tension, primarily due to the distribution of powers and resources. Some key issues include:

1.​ Centralization of Power: The central government often exercises significant control
over states, leading to concerns about the erosion of state autonomy. States sometimes
feel that decisions are imposed without sufficient consideration of regional needs.
2.​ Financial Distribution: Disputes arise over the allocation of resources and revenue
between the Center and states. States often demand a larger share of financial resources
to meet their developmental needs.
3.​ Language and Cultural Issues: Linguistic and cultural differences can create tension,
particularly when states demand greater recognition of regional languages and cultures.
4.​ Interstate River Disputes: Disagreements over the sharing of water resources, such as
those concerning the Cauvery or Krishna rivers, have been sources of ongoing conflict
between states.
5.​ Implementation of National Policies: States sometimes resist central policies that they
believe do not suit their specific socio-economic or cultural conditions.

These tensions reflect the complex federal structure of India and the balancing act between unity
and regional diversity.
Answer- Natural inequalities refer to differences that arise from natural factors, such as age, health,
29 (a) intelligence, or physical abilities, which individuals cannot control. These inequalities are
generally considered to be inevitable and inherent to human existence. For example, some
people may be born with physical disabilities, which can limit their opportunities in life.

Social inequalities, on the other hand, are created by social structures, systems, and institutions,
such as caste, class, or gender. These inequalities are man-made and often result from historical,
economic, or political conditions. For example, in India, the caste system creates social
hierarchies where people from lower castes (like Dalits) face discrimination and limited

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opportunities compared to higher castes. Similarly, class inequalities arise from economic
disparities, where individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds may lack access to
education, healthcare, or employment opportunities, perpetuating poverty and social exclusion.

While natural inequalities are unavoidable, social inequalities can be addressed through reforms
and policies aimed at promoting fairness and equal opportunity.
Answer- The relationship between political liberty and economic equality is complex and
29 (b) interdependent. Political liberty refers to the freedom of individuals to participate in political
processes, such as voting, expression, and association, without oppression or restriction.
Economic equality, on the other hand, refers to a fair distribution of wealth and resources
among all members of society, aiming to reduce disparities between the rich and the poor.

A high degree of economic inequality can undermine political liberty, as wealthy individuals or
groups may gain disproportionate influence over political decisions, limiting the democratic
power of less affluent citizens. On the other hand, political liberty is essential for achieving
economic equality because it ensures that all individuals have the right to participate in shaping
policies that address economic disparities.

Thus, political liberty and economic equality are intertwined—economic equality helps in
ensuring that everyone has equal political opportunities, while political liberty creates the
foundation for promoting economic justice and reducing inequality.
Answer- John Rawls uses the concept of the veil of ignorance to argue for a fair and just distribution of
30 (a) resources in his theory of justice. The veil of ignorance is a thought experiment where
individuals, in the original position, do not know their personal characteristics (e.g., gender,
race, social status). This forces them to make decisions about justice without bias or self-interest.

Rawls argues that, under these conditions, rational individuals would choose two principles of
justice:

1.​ Equal basic liberties for all, ensuring fundamental freedoms.
2.​ The difference principle, which permits inequalities only if they benefit the least
advantaged in society.

The veil of ignorance ensures fairness because decisions are made impartially, without
knowledge of one's own position in society. This leads to the rational choice of policies that
protect the most vulnerable, ensuring a just and equitable distribution of resources. Rawls
defends this as a rational, fair way to achieve justice, as it prioritizes equality and social welfare
for all.

Answer- The basic minimum requirements for people to live a healthy and productive life generally
30 (b) include access to clean water, food, shelter, healthcare, education, and basic social security.
These are essential for ensuring physical well-being, mental development, and the ability to
contribute to society.

The responsibility of the government in ensuring these minimum requirements is to create
policies and programs that provide access to these necessities for all citizens, especially the
disadvantaged. Governments are expected to provide public goods and services, such as
healthcare and education, and ensure basic infrastructure like sanitation and affordable housing.
They must also promote economic policies that reduce poverty and inequality, ensuring that
every citizen has the opportunity to live a dignified life.

In essence, the government must act as a guarantor of social justice by ensuring that all people
have the means to live a life of health, dignity, and productivity.

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