HBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027 Bio- Technology

FOR HARYANA CLASS 12 PREPARATION

HBSE Class 12 Syllabus
2027 Bio- Technology
EXAM YEAR TYPE SUBJECT

Haryana Class 12 2027 Syllabus Biotechnology

Notes · Sample Papers · Previous Year Papers · Mock Tests

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BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION HARYANA
Syllabus and Chapter wise division of Marks (2026-27)
Class: XII Subject: Biotechnology Code: 871
General Instructions:
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1. There will be an Annual Examination based on the entire syllabus. . co
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2. The Annual Examination will be of 60 marks, Practical Examination will
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be of 20 marks and 20 marks weightage shall be for Internal Assessment.
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3. For Practical Examination:
i) Two experiments of 6 marks each.
ii) One activity of 3 marks.
iii) Practical record of 2 marks.
iv) Viva-voce of 3 marks.
4. For Internal Assessment:
There will be Periodic Assessment that would include:
i) For 4 marks- Two SAT exams will be conducted and will have
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a weightage of 04 marks towards the final Internal Assessment.
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ii)
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For 2 marks- One half-yearly exam will be conducted and will
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have a weightage of 02 marks towards the final Internal
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iii) For 2 marks- One Pre-Board exam will be conducted and will
have a weightage of 02 marks towards the final Internal
Assessment.
iv) For 2 marks- Subject teacher will assess and give maximum 02
marks for CRP (Classroom participation).
v) For 5 marks- A project work to be done by students and will
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have a weightage of 05 marks towards the final Internal
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Assessment.
m vi) For 5 marks- Attendance of student will be awarded 05 marks as: s e
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75% to 80% - 01 marks
g 80% to 85% - 02 marks a
a 85% to 90% - 03 marks
90% to 95% - 04 marks
95% to 100% - 05 marks

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Course Structure (2026-27)
Class- XII Subject-Biotechnology Code:871
Sr. No. Unit Chapter Marks

Recombinant DNA Technology

1
Protein and Gene
Manipulation Protein Structure and Engineering 30

Genomics and Bioinformatics

Cell Structure and Genetic Microbial Cell Culture and its
Manipulation Application
2
Plant Cell Culture and Application 30

Animal Cell Culture and
Application

Total 60

Practical Examination 20

Internal Assessment 20

Grand Total 100

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Unit V: PROTEIN AND GENE MANIPULATION
Chapter 1: Recombinant DNA Technology
Introduction; Tools of rDNA Technology: Restriction
enzymes, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP),
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Other enzymes used in cloning, Vectors: Plasmids, vector based
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on bacteriophages, cosmids, YAC vectors, BAC vectors, Animal
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em and plant viral vectors, Host cells; Marking rDNA;
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l as Introduction of rDNA to Host Cells: Transformation,
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Identification of Recombinants; Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR); Hybridisation Techniques: Southern Hybridisation
Technique; DNA Library: DNA Sequencing:
Dideoxynucleotide chain termination method; Site-directed
Mutagenesis

Unit V: PROTEIN AND GENE MANIPULATION
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Chapter 2: Protein Structure and Engineering
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Introduction to the World of Proteins; 3-D Shape of
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Proteins: Non-covalent bonds: ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds,
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Vander Wals forces, hydrophobic interactions; Structure-
Function relationship in Proteins: Chymotrypsin - a
proteolytic enzyme, Molecular Disease- Sickle cell anaemia,
Protein Finger printing- Peptide Mapping, 2-D Gel
Electrophoresis; Purification of Proteins: Calculation of
amount of bacterial ferment required, Downstream Processing,
Aqueous two-phase partition, Industrial scale production of
proteins, Special techniques for therapeutic /diagnostic proteins;
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Characterization of Proteins: Mass spectrometry; Protein
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Based Products: Blood products and vaccines, Therapeutic
antibodies and enzymes, Therapeutic hormones and growth e m
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ag Proteins; Designing Proteins (Protein Engineering):
Improving laundry detergent Subtilisin, Creation of Novel
Proteins, Improving nutritional value of cereals and legumes.

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Unit V: PROTEIN AND GENE MANIPULATION
Chapter 3: Genomics and Bioinformatics
Introduction: Progress in stages, Evolving approaches, Structural
genomics, Functional genomics; Genome Sequencing Projects:
Directed sequencing of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)
contigs, Random shotgun sequencing; Gene prediction and
counting; Genome Similarity, SNPs and Comparative
Genomics; Functional Genomics: Fluorescence in situ
hybridization, Microarray Technology: principle, procedure,
interpretation; Proteomics: Types of Proteomics: Expression
proteomics, Structural proteomics, Functional proteomics, Genes
and Proteins: Number of genes vs Number of proteins; History of
Bioinformatics; Sequences and nomenclature: DNA and protein
sequences, The concept of directionality, Different types of
sequences; Information Sources: Major databases: NCBI,
Database retrieval tools, BLAST family of search tools, Resources
for gene level sequences, Analysis using Bioinformatics tools.
Unit VI: CELL CULTURE AND GENETIC MANIPULATION
Chapter 1: Microbial Cell Culture and Its Applications
Introduction; Microbial culture techniques: Nutrients for microbial
culture, Culture Procedures, Equipment for microbial culture, Types of
microbial culture: Batch culture, Fed-batch culture, continuous culture;
Measurement and kinetics of microbial growth: Measurement of
microbial growth, Growth kinetics and specific growth rate; Scale-up of
microbial processes; Isolation of microbial products; Strain isolation,
improvement and preservation: Strain isolation, Strain improvement:
Mutation Selection, Genetic Engineering Techniques, Metagenomics,
Strain preservation, Culture Collections Centers; Applications of
microbial culture technology; Biosafety issues in Microbial
Technology.
Unit VI: CELL CULTURE AND GENETIC MANIPULATION
Chapter 2: Plant Cell Culture and Applications
Introduction; Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques: Basic
Technique, Nutrient Media, Types of cultures: organ culture,
explant culture, callus culture, cell suspension culture, mass cell
culture, protoplast culture, protoplast fusion, Plant Regeneration
pathways; Applications of Cell and Tissue Culture: 4

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Micropropagation, Virus-free plants, Artificial seeds, Embryo
rescue, Haploids and triploids, Somatic hybrids and cybrids,
Production of secondary metabolites, Somaclonal variation, In
vitro plant germplasm conservation; Gene transfer methods in
plants: Vector-mediated or indirect gene transfer, Vectorless or
direct gene transfer, Transgene analysis; Transgenic plants with
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beneficial traits: Stress tolerance, Biotic stress tolerance:

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Herbicide tolerance, Pest resistance, Disease resistance, Virus
resistance, Fungi and bacteria, Abiotic stress tolerance: Delayed e m .
e m fruit ripening, Male sterility, Transgenic plants as bioreactors,
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ag vaccines, Biodegradable plastics, Metabolic engineering and
secondary products, Other applications; Biosafety in Plant
Genetic Engineering.
Unit VI: CELL CULTURE AND GENETIC MANIPULATION
Chapter 3: Animal Cell Culture and Applications
Introduction; Animal Cell Culture Techniques: Features of
animal cell growth in culture, Primary Cell Cultures, Secondary
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Cell Cultures and Cell Lines, Types of Cell Lines: Finite Cell
Lines, Continuous Cell Lines, Physical environment for
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culturing Animal Cells: temperature, pH, osmolality, Medium,
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serum and antibiotics, vessels and equipment’s required for
animal cell culture, tissue culture hood, CO2 incubator,
centrifuge, inverted microscope; Characterization of Cell
Lines: storage and revival of cells; Methods of Gene Delivery
into Cells; Scale-up of Animal Culture Process; Applications
of Animal Cell culture: Erythropoietin, Factor VIII, Factor IX,
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA), Hybridoma Technology for
Monoclonal Antibody Production, Therapeutic mAb - OKT3,
Therapeutic mAb – Herceptin; Stem Cell Technology: ES Cell
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culture and its applications; Tissue engineering.
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1. Use of special equipment in biotechnology experiments
g la 2. Isolation of bacterial plasmid DNA a
a 3. Detection of DNA by gel electrophoresis
4. Estimation of DNA by UV spectroscopy
5. Isolation of bacteria from curd & staining of bacteria
6. Cell viability assay using Evan’s blue dye exclusion method

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7. Data retrieval and database search using internet site NCBI and
download a DNA and protein sequence from internet, analyse it and
comment on it
8. Reading of a DNA sequencing gel to arrive at the sequence
9. Project work. (Any topic from theory syllabus)

Month wise Syllabus Teaching Plan (2026-27)
Class: XII Subject: Biotechnology Code: 871
Month Subject-content Teaching Revision Practical
Periods Periods Work
April Unit V 22 2
Chapter 1:
Recombinant DNA
Technology

Practical: Use of
special equipment 6
in biotechnology
experiments

Practical: Isolation
of bacterial plasmid 2
DNA

Practical: Detection 2
of DNA by gel
electrophoresis

Practical: 2
Estimation of DNA
by UV
spectroscopy
May Unit V 22 2
Chapter 2: Protein 6

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Structure and
Engineering

Practical: Isolation
of bacteria from 2
curd & staining of m
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June
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ag Summer Vacation (Project Work)

July Unit V
Chapter 3:
Genomics,
Proteomics and
Bioinformatics
(Introduction, 18 2
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Sequencing
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Projects, Gene
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prediction and ag
counting)

Practical: Cell
viability assay
using Evan’s blue 2
dye exclusion
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method
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Unit V 20 4
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Genomics,
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(Genome
Similarity, SNPs
and Comparative
Genomics, 7
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Functional
Genomics,
Proteomics,
History of
Bioinformatics;
Sequences and
nomenclature,
Information
Sources)

Practical: Data
retrieval and
database search
using internet site 6
NCBI and
download a DNA
and protein
sequence from
internet, analyse it
and comment on it.

Practical: Reading
of a DNA 4
sequencing gel to
arrive at the
sequence.

September Revision for Half- 16
Yearly Exam

Half-Yearly Exam
October Unit VI 20 4
Chapter 1:
Microbial Cell
Culture and its
Applications.
November Unit VI 22 2 8

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Chapter 2: Plant
Cell Culture and
Applications.

December Unit VI m
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Chapter 3: Animal 22 2 . co
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em Cell Culture and
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January
Revision
16

February Revision
12

Annual Practical
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Exam
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March Annual Exam
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Note: ag
 Subject teachers are advised to direct the students to prepare
notebook of the Terminology/Definitional Words used in the chapters
for enhancement of vocabulary or clarity of the concept.

Prescribed Books: m
m 1. Biotechnology - Text book for Class XII, CBSE Publication m .co
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s e 2. Laboratory Manual-Biotechnology-Class XII, CBSE l a
Publication
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Question Paper Design (2026-27)
Class: XII Subject: Biotechnology Code: 871
Time 2½ Hours
Competencies Marks Percentage
Knowledge 24 40%
Understanding 18 30%
Application 12 20%
Skill 6 10%
Total 60 100%

Types Of Marks Number Description Total
Questions Marks
Objective 1 15 06 Multiple Choice 15
Questions Questions,
03 Fill in the Blanks
Questions,
03 One Word Answer Type
Questions,
0 3 Assertion Reason
Questions
Very Short 2 6 Internal choice will be 12
Answer Type given in any 2 questions
Question
Short Answer 3 6 Internal choice will be 18
Type given in any 2 questions
Question
Essay Answer 5 3 Internal choice will be 15
Type given in all the questions
Question
Total 30 60
10

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