NIOS Class 12 Question Paper 2021 (Jan Feb) Environmental Science

This Question Paper consists of 32 questions [Section-A(22)+Section-B(5+5)] and 8 printed pages.
Bg àíZ-nÌ _| 32 àíZ [IÊS>-A( 22)+ IÊS>-~( 5+ 5) ] VWm 8 ‘w { ÐV n¥ ð > h¢ &

Sl. No.
Roll No.
AZw H « $ _m§ H $
Code No.
H$mo S > Z§ .
60/SS/A
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (Theory)
Set / go Q > A
n¶m©daU {dkmZ ({gÕmÝV)
(333)
Day and Date of Examination :
(narjm H$m {XZ d {XZm§ H $)
Signature of Invigilators : 1.
({ZarjH$m| Ho $ hñVmja)
2.
General Instructions :
1. Candidate must write his/her Roll Number on the first page of the Question Paper.
2. Please check the Question Paper to verify that the total pages and total number of questions contained in
the Question Paper are the same as those printed on the top of the first page. Also check to see that the
questions are in sequential order.
3. Making any identification mark in the Answer-Book or writing Roll Number anywhere other than the
specified places will lead to disqualification of the candidate.
4. Write your Question Paper Code No. 60/ SS /A, Set - A on the Answer-Book.
5. (a) The Question paper is in English/Hindi medium only. However, if you wish, you can answer in any
one of the languages listed below :
English, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, Oriya, Gujarati,
Konkani, Manipuri, Assamese, Nepali, Kashmiri, Sanskrit and Sindhi.
You are required to indicate the language you have chosen to answer in the box provided in the
Answer-Book.
(b) If you choose to write the answer in the language other than Hindi and English, the responsibility
for any errors/mistakes in understanding the questions will be yours only.
gm_mÝ` AZw X o e :
1. narjmWu àíZ-nÌ Ho$ nhbo n¥ð> na AnZm AZwH«$‘m§H$ Adí¶ {bI|&
2. H¥$n¶m àíZ-nÌ H$mo Om±M b| {H$ àíZ-nÌ Ho$ Hw$b n¥ð>m| VWm àíZm| H$s CVZr hr g§»¶m h¡ {OVZr àW‘ n¥ð> Ho$ g~go D$na
N>nr h¡& Bg ~mV H$s Om±M ^r H$a b| {H$ àíZ H«${‘H$ ê$n ‘| h¢&
3. CÎma-nwpñVH$m ‘| nhMmZ-{M• ~ZmZo AWdm {Z{X©ï> ñWmZm| Ho$ A{V[aº$ H$ht ^r AZwH«$‘m§H$ {bIZo na narjmWu H$mo A¶mo½¶
R> h am¶m Om¶o J m&
4. AnZr CÎma-nwpñVH$m na àíZ-nÌ H$m H$moS> Z§. 60/SS /A, goQ> - A {bI|&
5. (H$) àíZ-nÌ Ho$db qhXr/A§JO o« r ‘mܶ‘ ‘| h¡& {’$a ^r, ¶{X Amn Mmh| Vmo ZrMo Xr JB© {H$gr EH$ ^mfm ‘| CÎma Xo gH$Vo h¢ :
A§J«oOr, qhXr, CXÿ©, n§Om~r, ~§Jbm, V{‘b, ‘b¶mb‘, H$ÝZ‹S>, VobwJy, ‘amR>r, C{‹S>¶m, JwOamVr, H$m|H$Ur,
‘{Unwar, Ag{‘¶m, Zonmbr, H$í‘rar, g§ñH¥$V Am¡a qgYr&
H¥$n¶m CÎma-nwpñVH$m ‘| {XE JE ~m°³g ‘| {bI| {H$ Amn {H$g ^mfm ‘| CÎma {bI aho h¢&
(I) ¶{X Amn qhXr Ed§ A§J«oOr Ho$ A{V[a³V {H$gr Aݶ ^mfm ‘| CÎma {bIVo h¢, Vmo àíZm| H$mo g‘PZo ‘| hmoZo dmbr
Ìw{Q>¶m|/Jb{V¶m| H$s {Oå‘oXmar Ho$db AmnH$s hmoJr&

60/SS/A-333-A] G-803 1  [ Contd......

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (Theory)
n¶m©daU {dkmZ ({gÕmÝV)
(333)
Time : 3 Hours] [Maximum Marks : 80
g_` : 3 KÊQ>o] [nyUmªH$ : 80
Note : (i) This Question paper consists of two Sections, viz., 'A' and 'B'.
(ii) All the questions of Section 'A' are compulsory.
(iii) Section 'B' has two options. Candidates are required to attempt questions from one option only.
(iv) Marks allotted are indicated against each question.

{ZX} e : (i) Bg àíZ-nÌ ‘| Xmo IÊS> h¢-IÊS> "A' VWm IÊS> "~'&
(ii) IÊS> "A' ‘| {XE JE g^r àíZ A{Zdm¶© h¢&
(iii) IÊS> "~' ‘| Xmo {dH$ën h¢& narjm{W©¶m| H$mo Ho$db EH$ {dH$ën Ho$ hr àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo h¢&
(iv) à˶oH$ àíZ Ho$ gm‘Zo CgHo$ A§H$ {XE JE h¢&

SECTION-A
IÊS>-A

1. What is the meaning of 3 R's in waste management? [1]

An{eï>-à§~§YZ ‘| 3 R's H$m ³¶m AW© h¡?

2. What are slums? [1]
Pw½Jr ~pñV¶m± ³¶m hmoVr h¢?

3. Name the earliest human ancestor. [1]

n«ma§{^H$V‘ ‘mZd-nyd©O H$m Zm‘ ~mVBE&

4. Define Eutrophication. [1]
gwnmofU (A{VnmofU) H$s n[a^mfm {b{IE&

60/SS/A-333-A] G-803 2  [ Contd......

5. Expand E.I.A. and state its main objective. [2]
E.I.A. H$m nyam Zm‘ {b{IE VWm BgHo$ à‘wI CÔoí¶ ~VmBE&

6. Name and define any two modes of transmission of diseases by pathogens,
giving suitable examples. [2]
Cn¶wº$ CXmhaU XoVo hþE amoJOZH$m| Ûmam hmoZo dmbo amoJm| Ho$ g§M[aV hmoZo H$s H$moB© Xmo {d{Y¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ ~mVBE VWm
BZH$s n[a^mfm ^r {b{IE&

7. What is Commensalism? Briefly explain it with a suitable example. [2]
gh^mo{OVm ³¶m hmoVr h¡? EH$ Cn¶wº$ CXmhaU XoVo hþE g§jon ‘| BgH$s ì¶m»¶m H$s{OE&

8. Name any two National Parks/Sanctuaries of India and also mention the name of
the important animal species found there. [2]
^maV df© Ho$ {H$Ýht Xmo amï´>r¶ nmH$m]/Aä¶maUm| Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE VWm dhm± H$s à‘wI O§Vw ñnrerµOm| Ho$ Zm‘ ^r
~VmBE&

9. a) List any two consequences of Deforestation.
b) Name a medicinal plant from which quinine is extracted to treat malaria?
[2]
a) dZmoÝ‘ybZ Ho$ H$moB© Xmo Xþîn[aUm‘m| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE&
b) Cg Am¡fYr¶ nm¡Yo H$m Zm‘ ~VmBE {Oggo ‘bo[a¶m H$m CnMma H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$Z¡Z ~ZmB© OmVr h¡&

10. Mention the main objectives of the following : [2]
a) Ramsar convention.
b) Montreal Protocol.
{ZåZ{b{IV Ho$ à‘wI CÔoí¶ ~VmBE…
a) am‘ga g‘PmoVm
b) ‘m°pÝQ´>¶b àmoQ>moH$mob

60/SS/A-333-A] G-803 3  [ Contd......

11. List any four immediate strategies to cope with green house effect? [2]
J«rZ hmCg à^md H$m gm‘Zm H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$moB© Mma VmËH$m{bH$ {H«$¶m{d{Y¶m| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE&

12. What is the difference between 'one-star' and 'five-star' refrigerators? [2]
"EH$ ñQ>ma' Am¡a "nm±M ñQ>ma' ao’«$sOaoQ>am| ‘| ³¶m A§Va h¡?

13. What may happen to [4]
a) The cells of the body are exposed to radiation dose of around 10 rem.
b) Lungs of coal miners working in coal mines for several years.
c) Drinking arsenic contaminated water for several years.
d) Marine life in case of an oil-spill in the sea.
³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡…-
a) eara H$s H$mo{eH$mE± 10 rem {d{H$aU go CX²^m{fV hm|&
b) H$mo¶bo H$s IXmZ ‘| H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo ì¶{º$¶m| Ho$ AZoH$ dfm] VH$ CZHo$ ’o$’$‹S>m| na&
c) Amg}{ZH$ go g§Xÿ{fV Ob H$mo H$B© dfm] VH$ nrZo na
d) g‘wÐ ‘| Vob {~Ia OmZo na g‘wÐr Ordm| na

14. a) Expand the following : [4]
i) MNRE
ii) IREDA
b) Briefly explain biological control of Pests with a suitable example.
a) {ZåZ{b{IV H$mo nyam-nyam {b{IE…
i) MNRE
ii) IREDA
b) EH$ Cn¶wº$ CXmhaU XoVo hþE nr‹S>H$H$sQ>m| Ho$ O¡{dH$ {Z¶§ÌU H$s g§{já ì¶m»¶m H$s{OE&

15. List any two factors which contributed to the enormous rise in human population
and also mention any four ways by which this population growth has had an
impact on the environment? [4]
CZ {H$Ýht Xmo H$maH$m| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE {OZHo$ H$maU OZg§»¶m A˶{YH$ ~‹T> J¶r h¡, Am¡a CÞ {H$Ýht Mma
{d{Y¶m| H$s MMm© H$s{OE {H$ OZg§»¶m d¥{Õ H$m n¶m©daU na à^md Adí¶$ n‹S>Vm h¡&

60/SS/A-333-A] G-803 4  [ Contd......

16. a) Environmentalists are worried about climate change. Which international
body is entrusted with the task of suggesting and ensuring means and ways
of tackling this problem. State the objectives of this organisation.
b) What is the role of Sulabh International in promoting environmental
sanitation and removing social stigma in India?
[4]
a) n¶m©daU{dX² Obdm¶w n[adV©Z H$mo boH$a qM{VV h¢& dh A§Vam©ï´>r¶ g§ñWm H$m Zm‘ ~VmBE Omo Bg g‘ñ¶m
H$mo boH$a h¡ Am¡a VWm Bg g‘ñ¶m go OyPVo ahr h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ {bE gwPmd ^r Xo ahr h¡& Bg g§ñWm Ho$ CÔoí¶
^r ~VmBE&
b) gwb^ B§Q>oaZoeZb H$s n¶m©daU H$s ñdÀN>Vm H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZo ‘| Am¡a ^maV ‘| gm‘m{OH$ ~wamB¶m| H$mo Xÿa
H$aZo ‘| ³¶m ^y{‘H$m h¡?

17. a) What is an Ecotone and give two examples?
b) Give two examples of human modified ecosystems.
[4]
a) B©H$moQ>moZ ³¶m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ H$moB© Xmo CXmhaU Xr{OE&
b) ‘mZd Ûmam ê$nm§V[aV Xmo nm[aV§Ìm| Ho$ Xmo CXmhaU Xr{OE&

18. a) Name any two common diseases that may reach epidemic proportions.
b) How are above mentioned diseases transmitted and give the main
characteristic symptom of each of the diseases?
[4]
a) CZ {H$Ýht Xmo Am‘ amoJm| Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE Omo ‘hm‘mar H$m ê$n bo gH$Vr h¢&
b) Cnamoº$ amoJm| H$m g§MmaU {H$g àH$ma hmoVm h¡, VWm BZ amoJm| Ho$ {d{eï> bjU ^r ~VmBE&

19. a) Depending on the nature of water in which fish is reared, name the type of
fisheries and name any two fish reared in each type?
b) Give an example :
i) Indian poultry bird.
ii) Exotic poultry bird.
c) What is Apiculture and list any two of its benefits?
[6]
a) ‘N>{b¶m| Ho$ {H$g àH$ma Ho$ nmZr ‘| nmbo OmZo Ho$ AmYma na, ‘m˶{gH$s Ho$ àH$ma H$m Zm‘ {b{IE VWm
à˶oH$ àH$ma Ho$ nmZr ‘| nmbr J¶r {H$Ýht Xmo-Xmo ‘N>{b¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ {b{IE&
b) {ZåZ{b{IV Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE…
i) ^maVr¶ ‘wJu
ii) {dXoeO ‘wJu
c) ‘Yw‘³IrnmbZ ³¶m hmoVm h¡? BgHo$ H$moB© Xmo bm^ ~VmBE&
60/SS/A-333-A] G-803 5  [ Contd......

20. a) List any four parameters that characterize the standard of living of a
population.
b) How does the improper sewage system in the cities affect the quality of
water?
c) What are Phytosanitary products? How are they harmful?
[6]
a) CZ {H$Ýht Mma n¡am‘rQ>am| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE Omo {H$gr OZg§»¶m Ho$ OrdZ-ñVa H$s {d{eï>Vm {ZYm©[aV
H$aVm h¡&
b) eham| ‘| AZwà¶wº$ dm{hV‘b V§Ì {H$g àH$ma Ob H$s JwUdÎmm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡?
c) µ’$mBQ>mogoZoQ>ar CËnmX ³¶m hmoVo h¡? ~VmBE {H$ do {H$g àH$ma hm{ZH$maH$ hmoVo h¢?

21. a) Draw and label a terrestrial food chain showing four trophic levels.
b) Explain Lindman’s 10% law : If the 1st trophic level in the above food
chain you have drawn receives 10,000 k. cal. of energy how much energy
will the members the 4th trophic level receive?
c) Define a food-web?
[6]
a) Mma nmofU ñVam| dmbr EH$ ñWbr¶ ImÚ-l§¥Ibm ~ZmBE VWm CgH$m Zm‘m§H$Z H$s{OE&
b) qbS>‘mZ Ho$ 10% {Z¶‘ H$s ì¶m»¶m H$s{OE& ¶{X Cnamoº$ ImÚ-l§¥Ibm ‘| nhbo nmofU ñVa Ho$ Ord
10,000 k. cal D$Om© àmá H$aVo h¢ Vmo Mm¡Wo nmofU ñVa Ho$ gXñ¶ {H$VZr D$Om© àmá H$a|Jo?
c) EH$ ImÚ-Omb H$s n[a^mfm {b{IE&

22. a) Give two reasons as to why are agrochemicals applied to the soil?
b) State any four adverse effects of continuous application of biocides.
[6]
a) H$moB© Xmo H$maU ~VmBE {H$ Hw$N> H¥${fagm¶Z ‘¥Xm ‘| ³¶m| {‘bmE OmVo h¢?
b) CZ {H$Ýht Mma Xþîà^mdm| H$mo {b{IE Omo ~m¶mogmBS>m| Ho$ {Za§Va Cn¶moJ Ho$ H$maU hmoVo h¢&

60/SS/A-333-A] G-803 6  [ Contd......

SECTION - B
IÊS> - ~
OPTION - I
{dH$ën - I
(Water Resource Management)
(Ob g§gmYZ à~§YZ)

23. Name any two sources of fresh-water. [1]
AbdU Ob Ho$ {H$Ýht Xmo òmoVm| Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE&

24. Define Grey water giving suitable examples. [1]
Cn¶wº$ CXmhaU XoVo hþE J«o dmQ>a (grey water) H$s n[a^mfm {b{IE&

25. Name any two contaminants of ground water. [2]
^yOb Ho$ {H$Ýht Xmo g§XÿfH$m| Ho$ Zm‘ {b{IE&

26. List any four ways for improving the efficiency of water use at the house hold
level. [2]
Kaobw ñVa na Ob Ho$ à¶moJ H$s H$maJaVm H$mo ~ohVa ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$Ýht Mma {d{Y¶m| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE&

27. a) Name the two main techniques of rainwater harvesting. Which one of these
techniques is the new concept of rainwater harvesting and name the four
structures generally used in the process?
b) List any four benefits of rain water harvesting.
c) Mention any one ancient method of water harvesting in India.
[6]
a) dfm©-Ob H$mo EH${ÌV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Xmo à‘wI VH$ZrH$m| Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE& BZ‘| go H$m¡Z-gr VH$ZrH$
dfm©-Ob EH$ÌU H$s Z¶r g§H$ënZm h¡ VWm Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| Am‘Vm¡a go à¶wº$ hmoZo dmbr Mma g§aMZmAm|
Ho$ Zm‘ {b{IE&
b) dfm© Ob H$m EH$ÌU H$aZo Ho$ H$moB© Mma bm^ {b{IE&
c) ^maV df© ‘| dfm©-Ob EH${ÌV H$aZo H$s H$moB© EH$ àmMrZ {d{Y {b{IE&

60/SS/A-333-A] G-803 7  [ Contd......

OPTION-II
{dH$ën - II
(Energy and Environment)
(D$Om© Ed§ n¶m©daU)

23. Name any two renewable sources of energy. [1]
D$Om© Ho$ H$moB© Xmo ZdrH$aUr¶ òmoVm| Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE&

24. What is the significance of dams in the production of hydroelectricity? [1]
Ob{dÚwV-CËnmXZ ‘| ~m±Ym| H$m ³¶m ‘hËd h¡?

25. What are petro crops? Name any two such plants? [2]
noQ´>mo H«$m°n ³¶m hmoVr h¢? Eogo {H$Ýht Xmo nm¡Ym| Ho$ Zm‘ {b{IE&

26. a) List the main advantages of natural gas as a domestic fuel.
b) Expand CNG. Give its one significance.
[2]
a) Kaoby BªYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àmH¥${VH$ J¡g Ho$ à‘wI bm^m| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE&
b) CNG H$m nyam Zm‘ {b{IE& BgH$m EH$ ‘hËd ~VmBE&

27. a) What is an Ecohouse? Name the technologies used during its construction.
b) Expand CFL and give its significance.
[6]
a) nm[a^dZ ³¶m hmoVm h¡? Bgo ~ZmZo Ho$ Xm¡amZ à¶wº$ hmoZo dmbr àm¡Úmo{J{H$¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmBE&
b) CFL H$m nyam Zm‘ {b{IE VWm BgH$m ‘hËd ~VmBE&



60/SS/A-333-A] G-803 8 